Rome in an Uproar.

These Bulls they were kept by that bear in the Tower,1
And chiefly were Nourish'd by Dispensing Power: 2
But sometimes to feast their devouring Jaws,

Their Keeper would give them some scraps of the Laws;
These Bulls have been found in other Men's Ground,

But now we have put them in Packington's Pound;

O never was Bulls so baited about,

For certain, as these will be, e're they come out.

Thus, in our Nation, a great many Fools 3
Endeavour'd to Fatten his Holiness' Bulls;
The Judges, almost out of every cause,

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16

Allow'd them a Pension of Penal Laws;

These Bulls had such power, they'd like to devour

Our Church and our Laws, but they now are brought lower.

Were ever such Impudent Bulls ever known,

To toss Sacred Majesty out of the Throne?

24

Their Keeper, who was no less Man than a Lord,5
Was by these Mad Bulls most notoriously Gor'd:
They had on their Heads such a Sampson-like power,
They cast him at one clever Toss in the Tower;
And some they are jealous that he, and his Fellows,
Will be tost from the Tower, to a Scaffold or Gallows:
O what a sad sight would it be for to see
So many blest Martyrs to swing on a Tree."

We've done with the Keeper, and now for the Driver,8
Who valued Religion no more than a Stiver:
These Bulls being Wanton, and at no Command,
They tost their poor Driver quite out of the Land;

32

1 Sir George Jeffereys, formerly Lord Chief Justice. Before the date of this ballad being first published he had been arrested in disguise at Wapping, and thrown into the Tower of London, where he died on April 13th, 1689, before the re-issue of this ballad in the Pepysian exemplar. Reference appears to be here made to his answering Charles Mordaunt's maiden speech before the Peers, when objections had been urged against a standing army being officered by Papists. This was in November, 1685. See other notes on pp. 306, 323.

Especially the power claimed, as again in April, 1687, to Dispense with the Test, in the case of Catholics assuming command in the army. Ruffing Dick" Talbot, Duke of Tyrconnel, was a notable example.

3 Chiefly the Converts: see introduction to "A Short Litany," and p. 302. 4 See the Muses' Farewell to Popery and Slavery poem addressed "to the Ten Dispensing Judges," beginning, "Dignified things, may I your leaves implore?" Street was the one dissentient, but Powell was reported as doubting : so of the twelve only ten came in for popular censure. See p. 315.

5 George Jeffereys being Lord Chancellor and Baron Wem. With all his faults he was, like Laurence Hyde and a few more courtiers, firm in refusal to become a Roman Catholic, and thus incurred opposition from Father Petre and other priests, for his non-compliance. He had nearly died of stone in Feb. 1688. 6 The original has misprinted "were instead of "was," but balances this by misplacing was" for "were" in line 23.

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7 Here is the "one touch of nature" that makes this whole Protestant world kin. Compare line 59, and note, on the hunger for hanging.

The "Driver" is Father Petre, but the denial of his setting value on religion is a gratuitous falsehood. Like most Converts, James II. attached an excess of importance to the creed and formalities which he accepted, and made no allowance for other persons who maintained the views that were formerly his own.

This is a sad matter to loose Ob[servato]r,1
Who has a strange Name, but is stranger by Nature:
'Twould be a sad thing, should he dance the long Jigg,
For making Division 'twixt Tory and Whigg.
These Bulls were so Wanton and Masterless grown,
They broke into Pastures that lay nigh the Throne;
They Fatted themselves, and they ranged about,
And undid the Owner before they come out :

He was forc'd out of hand, to leave all his Land,
Such damn'd Popish Bulls deserve all to be Hang'd;
More mischief they did which must not be exprest,
I'le leave you alone to imagine the rest.

40

48

But now these sad Beasts, for the Mischief they'd done,
Will be to the Slaughter brought every one;
And if that they were but well order'd and drest,
"Twould make Pope and Devil a delicate Feast;

Their Bull nor their Bears, shall breed no more fears,

Nor set us together again by the Ears,

We'll out of our Land quickly drive out such Beasts,
As popular Rogues, and disquieted Priests.

56

You that are minded to purchase a Hide,

Pray lay by your Coin while the Bulls they are try'd,
For then at the Gallows you'll see such a heap,2
And excellent Penniworths sold very cheap:

Stay but while Sessions, you'll hear such Confessions,

As Subtle as e're was the Old Declarations: 3
But we shall have now a much Honester State,
And be no more Bull'd at so simple a rate.

Printed in the year 1689.

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64

[In White-letter, with two woodcuts. The Roxburghe copy has no printer's name, or it has been cut off; but one in the Pepy's Collection, V. 116, of a different issue, bears the colophon, without date, Printed for J. C. in Holhorn." J. C. probably is Joshua Conyers, who had one Black-Raven sign in Fetter Lane, and another in Duck Lane, with a third on Holborn Hill, a little above St. Andrew's Church. The Pepysian impression is of slightly later issue than the Roxburghe, and bears a different first title, being named Rome's Bear-Garden; or, The Pope's Bulls brought to the bating stake by the late Chancellor [Jeffereys]. Tune of, Packington's Pound," with two lines of music. We give the Roxburghe right-hand cut, of a Friar, on p. 336]

The Observator, a journal conducted by Roger L'Estrange, concerning whom see previous introductions, both to this and to the "New Ballad," on pp. 253 to 258. The poor quibbles on his name, Lee" and "Strange," were frequent : "For gentle Dullness ever loves a Jest."

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2 The impatience of all these Ultra-Protestants to hurry their opponents to be hanged is a characteristic feature. "Gallows and Knock are too powerful on the highway." They were born with halters instead of cauls, and abjured the sign of the Cross as Papistical, but preferred "Ketch his mark" of the Triple Tree. Even Pascha Rose, the butcher and hangman, who displaced Ketch (for affronting the Sheriffs of London), was himself hanged on 28 May, 1686. Ketch was reinstated, and had the satisfaction of culling this Rose.

3 This allusion to James the Second's Declaration, on the death of his brother Charles, and the two that favoured Liberty of Conscience, comes with a bad grace from men who accepted the equally specious and equally falsified " Declaration" of Orange on his landing in 1688.

The Protestant Courage, 1690.

"The eleventh of Apprill is come about,1
To Westminster went the Rable rout
In order to crown a bundell of clouts :

A dainty fine King, indeed!

"Descended he is from the Orange tree,

But, if I can read his destiny,

He'll once more descend from another tree:

A dainty fine King, indeed!

"He's half a knave, and half a fooll,

The Protestant Joyner's crucket tooll,2

Cuds-splutter-nailles, shall such an one rule ?

A dainty fine King, indeed! ..

"Some people were glad of the Monster's Invasion,
Had he but stood to his Declaration;

But now, it is plain, he hath cheated the Nation:

A dainty fine King, indeed!"

-The Coronation Song of 1689.

IN the dearth of distinctly political Anti-Papal Ballads of the

Williamite day in the Roxburghe Collection (unlike the Pepysian, which is specially rich in quantity, not quality, of Ultra-Protestant pæans), we here advance two genuine Roxburghe ditties, slightly before their local position. They both refer to the same date and subject. Probably, James the Second, ill-starred and blundering as he was (especially in giving one daughter to his nephew William), never made a worse mistake than when he accepted French aid in his attempt to regain the kingdom which he had lost so witlessly. The thought of being invaded by a hireling host of Irish desperadoes, alike "Papistical" and ferocious, had been had enough in 1688. Dread of this had aroused resistance, in the indignation which attended the circulation of the lying rumour by William's emissaries, Hugh Speke and others. But the introduction of French allies to

1 The Coronation day of William of Orange, 1689.

2 Stephen College, The Protestant Joyner," see pp. 62, 263.

3 "About three of the Clock on Thursday Morning [13th December, 1688], we were strangely Alarmed with a report that the Irish, in a desperate Rage, were approaching this City, putting Men, Women and Children to the Sword as they came along: upon which, in an Instant, all arose, placing Lights in their Windows from top to bottom, and Guarded their own Doors, but it proved a false Alarm."-The London Mercury; or, Moderate Intelligencer, No. 1, Saturday, Dec. the 15th, 1688.

fight for James, whether on sea or on land, was in 1690 resented as a humiliation and an insult to which the nation would not submit.1 Trust not for freedom to the Franks !

They have a king who buys and sells:
In native swords, and native ranks,

The only hope of courage dwells.

If men will not rally and fight for their native land, they are sinking into decrepitude, and deserve to perish. Mercenaries are gangrenes. The ballad-writer summons his countrymen to unite in defence. Hence these ballads, "The Protestant Courage" and "Devonshire Boys' Courage" (published by turncoat Jonah Deacon in 1690).

As to the tune, Lilli-burlero, with which Tom Wharton boasted to have "whistled James out of the three kingdoms," we have given the words of Wharton's and of the second part, in our Bagford Ballads, pp. 370 and 371. The music of the tune, Henry Purcell's, used by Sterne's Uncle Toby to discomfit the Popish man-midwife Doctor Slop, may be found in Mr. Wm. Chappell's Popular Music of the Olden Time, p. 572. It long continued in favour. Thus Joe Haynes writes, in his song of The Inniskilling Regiment:

He the Nag of an Irish Papist did buy,
So, doubting his courage and his loyalty,
He taught him to eat with his Oats Gunpowdero,
And prance to the tune of Lilli-burlero.

1 Yet they learnt speedily not only to be jockeyed by the Dutch alliance, having to fight William's own battles and pay his countrymen, but to suffer a standing army and the commencement of an enormous National Debt, through William alone. Much that would have aroused indignation in historians if told of Charles the Second, is tamely accepted without scruple by the Whiggish belauders of him whose career was stopt by the murdered Sir John Fenwick's horse "Sorrell" in 1702. It was said that Sorrell stumbled over a mole-hill, and the burrower won grateful remembrance among Jacobites as "The little gentleman in black velvet, who did such service in 1702." (Compare the eleventh chapter of Waverley.) On the death of Sir John Fenwick, January 28th, 169, had appeared the following verses :

On Sir John Fenwick.

[Ere lie the Relicks of a martyr'd Knight,

HWhose Loyalty, unspotted as the Light,

Seal'd with his Blood his injur'd So[vereign's Right.
The State his Head did from his Body sever,

Because when living 'twas his chief Endeavour

To set the Nation and its Head together.

He boldly fell, girt round with weeping Soldiers,
Imploring Heaven, for the good o' th' Beholders,

So to cut H[olland]'s Head from England's Shoulders.

We commend to attention our copy of the fully-equipped Man of War woodcut, on opposite page. Also the announcement (on p. 312) that other ballads on sea-fights and land-fights will come into our after-pages, at an early date.

[Roxburghe Collection, II. 264, 265; Pepys, IV. 209.]

The Protestant Courage;

A brief account of some hundreds of Walliant Sea-men, who daily comes in to serve Their Majesties, against the Forces of the French king.

TUNE IS, Lilli-borlero. Licensed according to Order.

Alluding to the severe repulse off Beachy Head by the French ships, June 29, 1690. Tourville led the victorious French against the Williamites, who were feebly commanded by the revolted Arthur Herbert, Lord Torrington.

VOL. IV.

Y