(did they bear) every privation. The most populous todo privacion sufriéron populosa Rome produced some produjo (There are) some men hai alguno When an adjective is placed between two substantives, and expresses the quality of the second, it is generally followed by de, [of,] in cases like the following: "Un muchacho duro de entendimiento," a boy dull "Un hombre bajo de cuerpo,' of comprehension. man low in stature, &c. a Note 1. Adjectives are also followed by de, [of,] when they express the quality produced by the substantive which they qualify; as, "Ella está pálida de miedo," she is pale with fear. "El está abochornado de la pregunta," he is hurt at the question. Should the quality be produced by an infinitive, the adjective would also be followed by de, [of;] as, "Estaban cansados de escribir," they were tired of writing. EXERCISES. If men were humble and meek of heart, (there fuesen manso humilde corazon haHis coat and would be) more peace in society. bria vest paz sociedad su casaca made him' appear long in the body, and short chaleco hacian le parecer largo cuerpo corto in the legs. Nothing less than the patience of Job, pierna nada ménos paciencia (is requisite) to teach those who are hard of underes necesario para enseñar á los que son duro entenstanding. Men remain astonished at the wisdom of dimiento (se quedan) admirado sabiduría others, when they might (possess it.) If (any person) otro cuando podrian poseerla nadie abuses you' with unbecoming words, (do not fall into abusa le indecente palabra no se encolarice a passion,) but (show yourself) hurt at the exprespero muestrese resentido vmd. espressions. (Few people) are satisfied with their condition pocos estan satisfecho de su sion Men act, not only as obran no solamente como if they were afraid of being virtuous, but ashamed ser virtuso mas avergonzado RULE XXII. + fuesen temeroso of (appearing so.) parecerlo Adjectives expressive of number, require the preposition de, [of,] when they precede a noun of dimension. In this case the English verb to be, is translated by tener; as, "Su casa tiene, cincuenta pies de alto, y ciento y viente de largo," his house is fifty feet high, and a hundred and twenty long. Note 1. By, is translated de, in Spanish, when it is used to express the difference in the measure; as, "Mi casa es mas alta que la tuya de doce pies," my house is higher than yours by twelve feet. "Soi mas alto que tú de seis pulgadas," I am taller than you by six inches. EXERCISES. London* bridge, is nine hundred feet in length, forty Londres puente tiene pie de largo in height, and seventy-three in width. Noah built an alto ancho. Noé hizo un ark of three hundred cubits in length, fifty in breadth, arca codo ancho and thirty in height. The famous mine of Potosi, is famoso mina alto tiene more than five hundred feet in depth. The walls pie profundidad muralla of Babylon, were two hundred feet high, and fifty Babilonia tenian alto broad. Maryland is longer than Vermont by forty-six Adjectives denoting proximity are followed by á, and those denoting distance by de; as "Cercano a la muerte," approaching death. far from his country.‡ * See rule xiii. note 1, page 219. See rule xvii. note 2, page 236. "Distante de su patria," There are undoubtedly, many other adjectives preceded by certain prepositions, but as they are generally alike in both lan guages, the author considers it useless to say any thing concerning them. Note 1. Adjectives denoting fitness or unfitness, are immediately followed by para; as, "El es apto para el empleo," he is fit for the employment. "Las manzanas, por San Juan, empiezan á ser buenas para comer," apples begin to be fit to be eaten by St. John's day. EXERCISES. He feared that a monarchy so contiguous to that of temió que monarquía vecina ά la Asturias, (would be) a source of many wars. seria manantial Some mal times we become slaves, wishing to avoid the evils (nos hacemos) esclavo deseando † evitar annexed to war. He thought, as he was so far anejo guerra. pensó (que como estaba) lėjos · from Madrid, and close to Bayonne, (he might just as junto Bayona well) continue his journey to this que prosiguiese el viage hasta esta is fit for a captain, who is fit for a soldier. es propio son One † soldado f enough to repair the suficiente remediar evil committed by ten bad. The protection of the daño ocasionado por arts and sciences, is indispensable to the prosperity of es prosperidad a kingdom. The ox is not so adequate as the horse reino to carry burdens. buei es llevar carga apto eaballo OF PRONOUNS. The pronouns in the Spanish language constitute the most difficult, but the most useful and essential part of its grammar. A person well versed in the pronouns and in the verbs, may be said to have acquired two thirds of this language. Convinced of the utility of the pronouns; and of the necessity that they should be intelligibly and systematically arranged; the author has devoted to this object, much of his time and study. And he will consider himself happy, if the advantages resulting from his labours, evince, that they have not been unsuccessful. At the same time that the author will candidly and freely acknowledge, that in the composition of this work, he has, in some places, availed himself of the labours of the Spanish Academy, Huerta, Fernandez, Del Pino, McHenry, Josse, and Murray, he has always considered it improper, unjust, and ungrateful, to speak against the writings and systems of others. He is perfectly convinced that he who has done all he could, is entitled to our applause. And it belongs to the wise critic, and to the public in general, to expose his errors or his deficiencies, that he may improve by their advice-but not to his rival, who must always speak with some degree of partiality. Without making any reference, therefore, to the plan which other grammarians have followed in the pronouns, the author has endeavoured to form that which, he thought, would be more intelligible, and more conducive to aid the student in acquiring a theoretical, as well as practical knowledge of the Spanish language. His guides in the formation of this plan, have been regularity and perspicuity; and he has, therefore, interspersed many observations between the rules, to illustrate in a clear manner, what must have, otherwise, been obscure. The exercises are, it is presumed, such as will serve, not only to inculcate strongly the rules to which they belong, but even to render them more intelligible to the student. In fact the whole has been laid down in a manner, which, the author hopes, will merit the approbation of the public. |