see acordár. see alsolv.r.

volcár, to turn all things upside down. volvér, to come back or send back, volverse, to become either good or bad.

see absolvér.

A collection of verls whose infinitives end in cer, making the indicative in zco, and the preterite in ci.

SECTION VII.

Several ways of conjugating a verb with a negation.

No hablar, not to speak.

Infinit. pres. Indicat. pres.

na he hablado, I have not spoken, &c. ;-and so on for

را

every tense and person.

With an interrogation.

Imperfect of the indicative, third person singular.

Cantába el en el concierto? Did he sing at the concert?

Compound tenses.

¿Há recibído vm. una carta de su pádre ?
Have you received a letter from your father?
¿Habían ellos comprádo la cása ?

Had they bought the house?

With a negation and interrogation.

Indicative present.

Vo me entiende vm?

Do you not understand me?

No nos conocemos? Do we not know one another?

Compound tense.

No nos hemos conocido? Have we not known one another?

No se há vm. olvidado de mi nombre?

forgotten my name?

Have you not

With an interrogation and a pronoun relative.

Indicative future tense.

Podrá vm. venderlos con ventaja pára nuestra utilidad? an you sell them to our advantage?

Querrd vm. acompañarnos mañana al campo ?
Will you come to-morrow with us into the country ?

SECTION VIII.

Of impersonal verbs.

Impersonal verbs are thus conjugated:

The compound tenses are formed by adding habido to each tense, as ha habido, there has been ;-and so on for the rest.

Subjunc. pres. Sea, y no sea, it may be, and it may not be. Sería, y no seria, it would, and it would

Imperfect.

not be.

Preterite. Fuése or fuera, y no fuése or no fuéra, it might be, and it might not be.

Indicat pres.

Imperfect.

-Preterite.

Future.

The impersonal menester, it must.

Es menester, y no es menester,
it must, and it must not.

Era menester, y no era menester,
it was necessary, and it was not necessary.
Fué menester, y no fué menester,
it was necessary, and it was not, &c.
Será menester, y no será menester,
it will, and it will not be necessary.

Subjunc. pres. Séa menester, y no séu menester,

Imperfect.

Preterite.

it may, and it may not be necessary.
Sería, y no sería menester,

it would, and it would not be necessary.
Fuése or fuéra, y no fuese or no fuéra,
menester,

it might, and it might not be necessary.

The other impersonals have infinitive, gerund, and participle; which shall be set down here for the further instruction of the pupil.

Háce (it is) is used with an adjective, and some nouns denoting the disposition of the weather, as hace calór, it is-hot; háce frío, it is cold; húce viento, it is windy, &c.

M

An adverb is that part of speech which is joined to a verb, adjective, or participle, to express some circumstance, quality, degree, or manner of its signification.

Example.

Dios es infinimente justo: castigará rigorosamente á los impios. God is infinitely just he will rigorously punish the impious.

N. B. Most Spanish adjectives may be changed into adverbs by adding mente to the feminine termination of such adjectives as have two terminations; or to the common termination of such adjectives as have only one termination.

Besides the number of adverbs formed from adjectives, there are many others, which can be divided into fourteen