Mental Philosophy: Embracing the Three Departments of the Intellect, Sensibilities, and Will

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Harper & brothers, 1869 - Psychology

From inside the book

Contents

Illustrations of the foregoing statement Page
49
Of the objects in general which excite emotions of beauty
50
All objects not equally fitted to cause these emotions
52
A susceptibility of emotions of beauty an ultimate principle of our mental constitution
53
Remarks on the beauty of forms The circle
54
Original or intrinsic beauty The circle
56
Of the beauty of straight and angular forms
57
Of square pyramidal and triangular forms 1988 SABER 855888 FRPT
59
The variety of the sources of that beauty which is founded on forms illustrated from the different styles of architecture
60
Of the original or intrinsic beauty of colours
61
Further illustrations of the original beauty of colours
64
Of sounds considered as a source of beauty
65
Illustrations of the original beauty of sounds
66
Further instances of the original beauty of sounds
69
The permanency of musical power dependent on its being in trinsic
71
Of motion as an element of beauty
72
Explanations of the beauty of motion from Kames
73
Of intellectual and moral objects as a source of the beautiful
74
ASSOCIATED BEAUTY 39 Associated beauty implies an antecedent or intrinsic beauty
75
Objects may become beautiful by association merely
76
Further illustrations of associated feelings
77
Instances of national associations PRE2 858888888
79
The sources of associated beauty coincident with those of hu man happiness
80
Of fitness considered as an element of associated beauty
81
Of utility as an element of associated beauty 81
82
Of proportion as an element of associated beauty
83
Relation of emotions of beauty to the fine arts
85
Differences of original susceptibility of this emotion
86
Summary of views in regard to the beautiful
88
Of picturesque beauty 86
89
Connexion between beauty and sublimity
90
The occasions of the emotions of sublimity various
91
Great extent or expansion an occasion of sublimity
92
Great height an element or occasion of sublimity 56 Of depth in connexion with the sublime
93
Of colours in connexion with the sublime
94
Of sounds as furnishing an occasion of sublime emotions
95
Of motion in connexion with the sublime
96
Indications of power accompanied by emotions of the sublime
97
Of moral worth in connexion with sublimity
98
Sublime objects have some elements of beauty
99
Emotions of grandeur
100
Considerations in proof of the original sublimity of objects
101
Influence of association on emotions of sublimity
102
Further illustrations of sublimity from association
103
NATURE OF INTELLECTUAL TASTE 102 103 104 68 Definition of taste and some of its characteristics
104
Distinguishable from mere quickness of feeling or sensibility
105
Section Page 70 Of the process involved in the formation of taste
106
Instantaneousness of the decisions of taste
108
Of the permanency of beauty
109
EMOTIONS OF THE LUDICROUS 73 General nature of emotions of the ludicrous
110
Occasions of emotions of the ludicrous
111
Of Hobbes account of the ludicrous
112
Of what is to be understood by wit
113
Of wit when employed in aggrandizing objects
114
Of other methods of exciting emotions of the ludicrous
115
Of the character and occasions of humour
116
Of humorous descriptions as modified by disposition
117
Of the practical utility of feelings of the ludicrous
118
INSTANCES OF OTHER SIMPLE EMOTIONS 83 Emotions of cheerfulness joy and gladness
119
Emotions of melancholy sorrow and grief
120
Emotions of dissatisfaction displeasure and disgust
122
Emotions of regard reverence and adoration
123
PART FIRST NATURAL OR PATHEMATIC SENSIBILITIES NATURAL OR PATHEMATIC SENTIMENTS CLASS SECOND THE DESIRES TH...
125
NATURE OF DESIRES 89 Of the prevalence of desire in this department of the mind
127
91
128
92
130
93
131
95
132
Of variations or degrees in the strength of the desires
133
Classification of this part of the sensibilities
134
The principles based upon desire susceptible of a twofold operation
135
Of the instincts of man as compared with those of the infe rior animals
136
Of the nature of the instincts of brute animals
137
Instincts susceptible of slight modifications
139
Instances of instincts in the human mind
140
Further instances of instincts in men
142
Of the final cause or use of instincts
143
Section Page 106 Of the general nature and characteristics of the appetites
144
The appetites necessary to our preservation and not original ly of a selfish character
145
Of the prevalence and origin of appetites for intoxicating drugs
146
Of the twofold operation and the morality of the appetites
147
PROPENSITIES 111 General remarks on the nature of the propensities
148
Principle of selfpreservation or the desire of continued ex istence
149
Of the twofold action of the principle of selfpreservation
150
Of curiosity or the desire of knowledge
151
Further illustrations of the principle of curiosity
152
Of the twofold operation and the morality of the principle of curiosity
154
Imitativeness or the propensity to imitation
155
Practical results of the principle of imitation
156
Of emulation considered as a propensive principle
158
Of approbativeness or the desire of esteem as a rule of con duct
160
Of acquisitiveness or the desire of possession
161
Of the moral character of the possessory principle
162
Of perversions of the possessory desire
164
Facts in proof of the natural desire of power
165
Of the moral character of the desire of power
167
Of the twofold action of the propensity to truth
168
Propensity of selflove or the desire of happiness
169
Of selfishness as distinguished from selflove
171
Reference to the opinions of philosophical writers
173
PROPENSITIES CONTINUED SOCIALITY OR THE DESIRE OF SOCIETY 134 The principle of sociality original in the human mind
174
The principle of sociality not selfish
175
Reference to the doctrine of Hobbes on this subject
176
The doctrine of an original principle of sociality supported by the view that it is necessary to man in his actual situation
177
Of the principle as it exists in the lower animals
178
The existence of the principle shown from the conduct of children and youth
179
The same shown from the facts of later life
180
The social principle exists in the enemies of society
181
Proofs of the natural desire of society from the confessions and conduct of those who have been deprived of it
182
Further proofs and illustrations of the natural origin of the principle of sociality
184
Other illustrations of a similar kind
185
Other instances in illustration of the same subject
187
The subject illustrated from experiments in prison discipline
188
Relation of the social principle to civil society
190
Of the form of desire denominated hope
191
Tendency of anger to excess and the natural checks to it
197
Modifications of resentment Revenge
203
Love in its various forms characterized by a twofold
209
Illustrations of the filial affection
215
Of the moral character of the voluntary exercise of the
221
Proofs of a humane or philanthropic principle from the exist
227
The objection drawn from wars further considered
233
Of the affection of pity or sympathy
239
Further proofs that man was thus created
246
POWER OF THE WILL
248
Section Page
251
Of habits in connexion with the appetites
257
Objection to these views in respect to habit
263
PART SECOND
269
Proofs of a moral nature from the terms used in different lan
275
Evidences of a moral nature even among Savage nations
283
Concluding remarks on the general fact of a moral nature
289
Section Page
293
RELATION OF REASONING TO THE MORAL NATURE
299
Of guilt when a person acts conscientiously
305
Of the perception of moral beauty considered as a source
311
A degree of moral sublime in acts of strict and undeviating
317
PART SECOND
325
Further proof from the necessity of these feelings
331
Section Page
332
Further considerations on this subject
338
Of diversities in moral judgment in connexion with differ
344
Of the effect of wrong speculative opinions among heathen
350
Of the existence of a moral nature in connexion with public
357
IMMUTABILITY OF MORAL DISTINCTIONS
363
Application of the foregoing views to the doctrine of the
369
Section Page
370
Shown in the fifth place from the deportment and conduct
377
Further proof from a consideration of the relation which
383
The mind must be occupied at an early period either with
390
Of the application of the principle of habit in morals
396
DISORDERED AND ALIENATED ACTION OF THE APPETITES
403
Instances of the second kind or form of disordered action
409
Section Page 315 Of the disordered action of the desire of esteem
413
Disordered action of the desire of power
415
Disordered action of the principle of veracity
416
SYMPATHETIC IMITATION 318 Of sympathetic imitation and what is involved in it
418
Familiar instances of sympathetic imitation
419
Of sympathetic imitation in large multitudes
420
Of the animal magnetism of M Mesmer in connexion with this subject
421
Instances of sympathetic imitation at the poorhouse at Haer lem
423
Other instances of this species of imitation
424
Disordered action of the passion of fear J
437
Perversions of the benevolent affections
438
DISORDERED ACTION OF THE MORAL SENSIBILITIES 334 Nature of voluntary moral derangement
440
Of accountability in connexion with this form of disordered conscience
441
Of natural or congenital moral derangement
442
Of moral accountability in cases of natural or congenital mor al derangement
444
CASUAL ASSOCIATIONS IN CONNEXION WITH THE SENSI BILITIES 338 Frequency of casual associations and some instances of them
445
Of association in connexion with the appetites
446
Of casual associations in connexion with the propensities
447
Other instances of casual association in connexion with the propensities
448
Inordinate fear from casual associations
449
Casual associations in respect to persons
450
Casual association in connexion with objects and places
451
Of casual association in connexion with particular days
453
Antipathies to animals
454
GENERAL NATURE AND RELATIONS OF THE WILL
457
RELATION OF THE INTELLECT TO THE WILL Section Page 1 General relation of the will to the other departments of the mind
459
The intellectual part the foundation or basis of the action of the other parts of the mind
460
The connexion of the intellect with the will
461
The connexion of the understanding with the will shown from
462
its connexion with action
463
Illustration of the statements of the preceding section
464
Nature of the connexion between the intellect and will
465
Opinions of Locke and Mackintosh on this point
467
Power of will and intellect not perfectly correspondent to each other
468
An energetic will sometimes found in connexion with limited powers of intellect
470
RELATION OF THE SENSIBILITIES TO THE WILL 12 Introductory statement
471
Of the division or classification of the sensibilities
472
Acts of the intellect in immediate proximity with emotions
474
Emotions not in proximity with volitions
475
Emotions followed by desires and obligations
476
Desires in proximity with the will
477
Obligatory feelings also in proximity with the will
478
Further remarks and illustrations on this subject
479
Of the strength of the desires
480
Of the strength of feelings of obligation
482
Necessity of the controlling power existing in the will
483
Remarks on the nature of the will
485
Of the nature of the acts of the will or volitions
486
Volition never exists without some object
487
Section Page 28 Volition relates to our own action and to whatever else may be dependent upon us
489
Volitions involve a prospective element
490
Volitions may exist with various degrees of strength
491
Causes of the variation of strength in volitions
492
Further illustrations of the same subject
493
DISTINCTION BETWEEN DESIRES AND VOLITIONS 33 Of an objection sometimes made to the general arrangement
494
Probable cause of confounding desires and volitions
495
Desires and volitions discriminated in our consciousness
496
Desires differ from volitions in permanency
497
Further proof of this distinction from language
499
Strictures on the foregoing remarks of Reid
500
Volition may exist in respect to those complex acts which the mind can embrace as one
502
If the distinction in question do not exist the foundation of morals becomes unsettled
504
Instances in illustration of the distinction in question
505
Illustration from Roman history
506
Proofs from some facts in the mental constitution
507
Of the chastisements of God inflicted on those he loves
508
The scriptural teachings to be understood in their obvious import
510
LAWS OF THE WILL
511
LAWS OF THE WILL IMPLIED IN THE UNIVERSALITY OF LAW 47 The preceding chapters preparatory to what follows
513
Of the importance of the topics now entered upon
514
The inquiry whether the will has its laws preliminary to that of its freedom
515
Analogical argument from the fact that everything throughout nature has its laws
516
Remarks of Cicero on the universality of law
517
Remarks of Hooker on the same subject
518
The universality of law including laws of the will necessarily implied in the idea of God
519
An argument thus furnished in favour of laws of the will
520
LAWS OF THE WILL IMPLIED IN MORAL GOVERNMENT 521 56 Laws of the will deducible from the first principles of moral 55 Of the existe...
521
government
522
Inferred also from the fact that the subjects of a moral govern ment must be endued with adequate powers of obedience
523
Laws of the will inferred from that rationality which is essen tial to the subjects of a moral government
524
Laws of the will inferred from the fact that in the administra tion of a moral government motives are employed
525
Inferred also from the application of rewards and punish ments
526
Section Page
527
The prescience of God taught in the Scriptures
533
Foresight of men in respect to the conduct of others
539
Proof from the regularity observable in the commission
546
Statement of other laws that are involved in the constitution
552
The character of motives depends in part on the constitution
559
NATURE OF MENTAL FREEDOM
565
MENTAL HARMONY THE BASIS OR OCCASION OF MENTAL
574
Objected that the foregoing views are necessarily and in their
580
Evidence of the freedom of the will from consciousness
586
Evidence of freedom of the will from feelings of approval
592
OTHER PROOFS OF FREEDOM OF THE WILL Section Page 121 Evidence of the freedom of the will from languages
599
Evidence of the freedom of the will from the control which every man has over his own motives of action
600
The freedom of the will further shown from the attempts of men to influence the conduct of their fellowmen
602
Argued further from the view taken in the Scriptures
603
Practical importance of the doctrine of liberty
604
CONSISTENCY OF LAW AND FREEDOM 128 Objected that the views maintained are contradictory
607
Denial of the alleged contradiction
609
Admission of inexplicableness or mystery
610
Of the limited powers of the human mind
612
We find things which cannot be explained everywhere
613
Illustrated from the influence of men over each other
614
Opposite supposition attended with equal difficulty
615
The doctrine of the wills freedom equally important with that of its subjection to law
616
ENTHRALMENT OR SLAVERY OF THE WILL 138 Of the occasions of mental enthralment
617
Inability to define enthralment or slavery
618
The nature of mental enthralment illustrated by a reference to extorted promises
619
Illustration of the same subject from cases of torture
621
Historical illustrations of the subject
622
The will enthralled by the indulgence of the appetites
624
Enthralment of the will occasioned by predominant and over ruling propensities
625
The will enthralled by inordinate ambition
626
The will enslaved by the indulgence of the passions
627
Inordinate intensity of the domestic affections
628
Of the slavery of the will in connexion with moral accounta bility
630
POWER OF THE WILL
633
NATURE OF MENTAL POWER 149 Of the distinction between liberty and power
635
Proof of the distinction between liberty and power
636
being able to form abstract ideas of power and liberty
637
Further shown from the possession of a moral nature
638
Origin of the idea of power in intuition or suggestion
639
The idea of power involves the reality of power
640
Of power as an attribute of the human mind
641
Further shown by a reference to the divine mind
642
Section Page 159 Proof of power in the will from the analogy of the mind
644
Proof of power in the will from internal experience
645
Proved from the ability which we have to direct our atten tion to particular subjects
646
Of power of the will as exhibited in patience under suffering
648
Illustration of the subject from the command of temper
649
Further illustration of this subject
650
Proved from the concealment of the passions on sudden and trying occasions
651
Further instances of concealment of the passions
652
Illustrated from the prosecution of some general plan
653
Subject illustrated from the first settlers of NewEngland
655
Illustrated by the fortitude exhibited by Savages
656
DIFFERENCES OF VOLITIONAL POWER 172 Differences in volitional power seldom noticed
657
Remarks on constitutional weakness of the will
658
Of comparative or relative weakness of the will
659
Instances of want of energy of the will
660
Remarks on great strength of the will
662
Energy of the will as shown in imminent danger
663
Energy of the will as shown in martyrdoms
665
Subject illustrated from two classes of public speakers
666
Power of the will requisite in the military and other arts
668
Energy of the will requisite in the men of revolutions
669
Practical application of these views
670
CONSISTENCY OF CHARACTER 184 Connexion of the will with consistency of character
671
Illustrations of the inconsistent character
673
Of individuals remarkable for consistency of character
674
Of the value of consistency in the religious character
676
Of the foundation or basis of consistency or inconsistency of character
677
Of inconsistency of belief in connexion with inconsistency of conduct and character
679
Selfpossession an element of consistency of character
680
Perseverance under changes of circumstances a second ele ment
681
Consistency implies a control over the passions
682
DISCIPLINE OF THE WILL 194 Importance of a due discipline of the Will
684
A due balance of all the powers the most favourable state of things to the just exercise of the will
685
Of the culture of the appetites propensities and passions as auxiliary to the discipline of the will
687
Some instances and proofs of the foregoing statements
689
Importance of repressing the outward signs of the passions
691
Of enlightening the intellect in connexion with the discipline of the will
693
Further remarks on the same subject
696
Section Page 201 Of aiding the will by a reference to the regard of others
697
Of aiding the will by a reference to the conscience
698
Of the aids furnished by the principle of imitation
699
Of aiding the will by placing ourselves in circumstances which do not admit of a retreat
701
Of the effects of habit in giving strength to the will
702
Of strengthening the will by religious considerations
703

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Page 509 - How shall I give thee up, Ephraim ? How shall I deliver thee, Israel? How shall I make thee as Admah? How shall I set thee as Zeboim ? Mine heart is turned within me, My repentings are kindled together.
Page 112 - I may therefore conclude, that the passion of laughter is nothing else but sudden glory arising from some sudden conception of some eminency in ourselves, by comparison with the infirmity of others, or with our own formerly...
Page 532 - LORD, thou hast searched me, and known me. Thou knowest my downsitting and mine uprising, thou understandest my thought afar off. Thou compassest my path and my lying down, and art acquainted with all my ways.
Page 96 - The voice of the Lord is upon the waters: the God of glory thundereth: the Lord is upon many waters.
Page 386 - What could have been done more to my vineyard, That I have not done in it? Wherefore, when I looked that it should bring forth grapes, Brought it forth wild grapes?
Page 102 - AND I saw another mighty angel come down from heaven, clothed with a cloud : and a rainbow was upon his head, and his face was as it were the sun, and his feet as pillars of fire...
Page 533 - Remember the former things of old: For I am God, and there is none else; I am God, and there is none like me, Declaring the end from the beginning, And from ancient times the things that are not yet done, Saying, My counsel shall stand, And I will do all my pleasure...
Page 386 - O my people, what have I done unto thee? and wherein have I wearied thee? - testify against me.
Page 114 - The sun had long since in the lap Of Thetis taken out his nap, And like a lobster boiled, the morn From black to red began to turn," The imagination modifies images, and gives unity to variety ; it sees all things in one, il piti nelV uno.
Page 532 - Neither is there any creature that is not manifest in his sight : but all things are naked and opened unto the eyes of him with whom we have to do.

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