Mental Philosophy: Embracing the Three Departments of the Intellect, Sensibilities, and Will

Thomas Cogswell Upham

Harper & brothers, 1869 - Psychology

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Title Page

Table of Contents

Section	24

Difficulties attending the prosecution of this study	27

Section Page 28 Volition relates to our own action and to whatever else	28

The moral sensibilities higher in rank than the natural	33

We have a knowledge of emotions by consciousness	39

Of what is meant by beautiful objects	46

Section Page 21 Illustrations of the foregoing statement	49

Of the objects in general which excite emotions of beauty	50

Section Page	370

Shown in the fifth place from the deportment and conduct	377

Further proof from a consideration of the relation which	383

The mind must be occupied at an early period either with	390

Of the application of the principle of habit in morals	396

DISORDERED AND ALIENATED ACTION OF THE APPETITES	403

Instances of the second kind or form of disordered action	409

Section Page 315 Of the disordered action of the desire of esteem	413

All objects not equally fitted to cause these emotions	52

A susceptibility of emotions of beauty an ultimate principle of our mental constitution	53

Remarks on the beauty of forms The circle	54

Original or intrinsic beauty The circle	56

Of the beauty of straight and angular forms	57

Of square pyramidal and triangular forms	59

The variety of the sources of that beauty which is founded on forms illustrated from the different styles of architecture	60

Of the original or intrinsic beauty of colours	61

Further illustrations of the original beauty of colours	64

Of sounds considered as a source of beauty	65

Illustrations of the original beauty of sounds	66

Further instances of the original beauty of sounds	69

The permanency of musical power dependent on its being in trinsic	71

Of motion as an element of beauty	72

Explanations of the beauty of motion from Kames	73

Of intellectual and moral objects as a source of the beautiful	74

ASSOCIATED BEAUTY 39 Associated beauty implies an antecedent or intrinsic beauty	75

Objects may become beautiful by association merely 1	76

Further illustrations of associated feelings	77

Instances of national associations	79

The sources of associated beauty coincident with those of hu man happiness	80

Of fitness considered as an element of associated beauty	81

Of utility as an element of associated beauty	82

Of proportion as an element of associated beauty	83

Relation of emotions of beauty to the fine arts	85

Differences of original susceptibility of this emotion	86

Summary of views in regard to the beautiful	88

Of picturesque beauty	89

Connexion between beauty and sublimity	90

The occasions of the emotions of sublimity various	91

Great extent or expansion an occasion of sublimity	92

Great height an element or occasion of sublimity	93

Of colours in connexion with the sublime	94

Of sounds as furnishing an occasion of sublime emotions	95

Of motion in connexion with the sublime	96

Indications of power accompanied by emotions of the sublime	97

Of moral worth in connexion with sublimity	98

Sublime objects have some elements of beauty	99

Emotions of grandeur	100

Considerations in proof of the original sublimity of objects	101

Influence of association on emotions of sublimity	102

Further illustrations of sublimity from association 0	103

NATURE OF INTELLECTUAL TASTE 68 Definition of taste and some of its characteristics	104

Distinguishable from mere quickness of feeling or sensibility	105

Section Page 70 Of the process involved in the formation of taste	106

Instantaneousness of the decisions of taste	108

Of the permanency of beauty	109

EMOTIONS OF THE LUDICROUS 173 General nature of emotions of the ludicrous +	110

Occasions of emotions of the ludicrous	111

Of Hobbes account of the ludicrous 0	112

Of what is to be	113

Of wit when employed in aggrandizing objects	114

Of other methods of exciting emotions of the ludicrous	115

Of the character and occasions of humour	116

Of humorous descriptions as modified by disposition	117

Of the practical utility of feelings of the ludicrous	118

INSTANCES OF OTHER SIMPLE EMOTIONS 83 Emotions of cheerfulness joy and gladness	119

Emotions of melancholy sorrow and grief	120

Emotions of dissatisfaction displeasure and disgust	122

Emotions of regard reverence and adoration	123

PART FIRST NATURAL OR PATHEMATIC SENSIBILITIES NATURAL OR PATHEMATIC SENTIMENTS CLASS SECOND THE DESIRES TH...	125

NATURE OF DESIRES 89 Of the prevalence of desire in this department of the mind	127

Of the place of desires in relation to other mental states	128

Of an exception to the foregoing statement	130

The desires characterized by comparative fixedness and per manency	131

Desires always imply an object desired	132

Of variations or degrees in the strength of the desires	133

Classification of this part of the sensibilities	134

The principles based upon desire susceptible of a twofold operation	135

Of the instincts of man as compared with those of the infe rior animals	136

Of the nature of the instincts of brute animals	137

Instincts susceptible of slight modifications	139

Instances of instincts in the human mind	140

Further instances of instincts in men	142

Of the final cause or use of instincts	143

APPETITES Section Page 106 Of the general nature and characteristics of the appetites	144

The appetites necessary to our preservation and not original ly of a selfish character	145

Of the prevalence and origin of appetites for intoxicating drugs	146

Of the twofold operation and the morality of the appetites	147

PROPENSITIES 111 General remarks on the nature of the propensities	148

Principle of selfpreservation or the desire of continued ex istence	149

Of the twofold action of the principle of selfpreservation	150

Of curiosity or the desire of knowledge	151

Further illustrations of the principle of curiosity	152

Of the twofold operation and the morality of the principle of curiosity	154

Imitativeness or the propensity to imitation	155

Practical results of the principle of imitation	156

Of emulation considered as a propensive principle	158

Of approbativeness or the desire of esteem as a rule of con duct	160

Of acquisitiveness or the desire of possession	161

Of the moral character of the possessory principle	162

CONTENTS OF THE WILL DIVISION THIRD THE WILL	163

Of perversions of the possessory desire	164

Facts in proof of the natural desire of power	165

Of the moral character of the desire of power	167

Of the twofold action of the propensity to truth	168

Propensity of selflove or the desire of happiness	169

131 Of selfishness as distinguished from selflove 1771	171

Reference to the opinions of philosophical writers	173

PROPENSITIES CONTINUED SOCIALITY OR THE DESIRE OF SOCIETY 134 The principle of sociality original in the human mind	174

The principle of sociality not selfish	175

Reference to the doctrine of Hobbes on this subject	176

The doctrine of an original principle of sociality supported by the view that it is necessary to man in his actual situation	177

Of the principle as it exists in the lower animals	178

The existence of the principle shown from the conduct of children and youth	179

The same shown from the facts of later life	180

The social principle exists in the enemies of society	181

Proofs of the natural desire of society from the confessions and conduct of those who have been deprived of it	182

Further proofs and illustrations of the natural origin of the principle of sociality	184

Other illustrations of a similar kind	185

Other instances in illustration of the same subject	187

The subject illustrated from experiments in prison discipline	188

Relation of the social principle to civil society	190

Of the form of desire denominated hope	191

THE MALEVOLENT AFFECTIONS Section Page 150 Of the comparative rank of the affections	192

Of the complex nature of the affections	193

Of resentment or anger	194

Illustrations of instinctive resentment	195

Uses and moral character of instinctive resentment	196

Tendency of anger to excess and the natural checks to it	197

Other reasons for checking and subduing the angry passions	199

Modifications of resentment Peevishness	202

Modifications of resentment Envy	203

Modifications of resentment Revenge	205

Nature of the passion of fear	207

THE BENEVOLENT AFFECTIONS 164 Of the nature of love or benevolence in general	208

Love in its various forms characterized by a twofold ac tion	209

Of the parental affection	210

Illustrations of the strength of the parental affection	211

Of the filial affection	212

The filial affection original or implanted	213

Illustrations of the filial affection	215

Of the nature of the fraternal affection	217

Of the utility of the domestic affections	218

Of the moral character of the domestic affections and of the benevolent affections generally	219

Of the moral character of the voluntary exercise of the be nevolent affections	221

Of the connexion between benevolence and rectitude	222

Of humanity or the love of the human race	223

Further proofs in support of the doctrine of an innate hu manity or love of the human race	225

Proofs of a humane or philanthropic principle from the exist ence of benevolent institutions	227

Other remarks in proof of the same doctrine	229

Objection from the contests and wars among mankind	231

The objection drawn from wars further considered	233

Illustration of the statements of the foregoing section	234

Of patriotism or love of country	236

Of the affection of friendship	237

Of the affection of pity or sympathy	239

Of the moral character of pity	240

Of the affection of gratitude	241

Man created originally with the principle of love to God	243

That man was originally created with a principle of love to God further shown from the Scriptures	244

Further proofs that man was thus created	246

On the twofold action of the principle of divine love	247

Relation of the principle of supreme love of God to the oth er principles of the pathematic sensibilities	249

193 Illustration of the results of the principle of love to God from the character and life of the Saviour	250

Further illustrations of the results of the absence of this prin	253

Of habits in connexion with the affections	259

Further illustrations of the foregoing instances	265

PROOFS OF A MORAL NATURE	271

Proofs of a moral nature from feelings of remorse	277

Evidences of a moral nature even among Savage nations	283

Concluding remarks on the general fact of a moral nature	289

Of objects of moral approval and disapproval	294

Of the close connexion between conscience and reasoning	300

Illustrations of the statements of the preceding section from	306

Of the moral beauty of the character of the Supreme Being	312

Other instances of the sublimity of justice	318

PART SECOND	325

Further proof from language and literature	331

Section Page	332

Further considerations on this subject	338

Of diversities in moral judgment in connexion with differ	344

Of the effect of wrong speculative opinions among heathen	350

Of the existence of a moral nature in connexion with public	357

IMMUTABILITY OF MORAL DISTINCTIONS	363

Application of the foregoing views to the doctrine of the	369

Disordered action of the desire of power	415

Disordered action of the principle of veracity	416

SYMPATHETIC IMITATION 318 Of sympathetic imitation and what is involved in it	418

Familiar instances of sympathetic imitation	419

Of the animal magnetism of M Mesmer in connexion with this subject	421

Instances of sympathetic imitation at the poorhouse at Haer lem	423

Other instances of this species of imitation	424

Application of these views to the witchcraft delusion in New England	425

Practical results connected with the foregoing views	426

Application of these views to legislative and other assemblies	427

DISORDERED ACTION OF THE AFFECTIONS 327 Of the states of mind denominated presentiments	428

Of sudden and strong impulses of mind	430

Insanity of the affections or passions	432

Of the mental disease termed hypochondriasis	433

Of intermissions of hypochondriasis and of its remedies 435	435

Disordered action of the passion of fear 0	437

Perversions of the benevolent affections	438

DISORDERED ACTION OF THE MORAL SENSIBILITIES 334 Nature of voluntary moral derangement	440

Of accountability in connexion with this form of disordered conscience	441

Of natural or congenital moral derangement	442

Of moral accountability in cases of natural or congenital mor al derangement	444

CASUAL ASSOCIATIONS IN CONNEXION WITH THE SENSI BILITIES 338 Frequency of casual associations and some instances of them	445

Of association in connexion with the appetites	446

Of casual associations in connexion with the propensities	447

Other instances of casual association in connexion with the propensities	448

Inordinatefear from casual associations	449

343 Casual associations in respect to persons	450

Casual association in connexion with objects and places	451

Of casual association in connexion with particular days	453

Antipathies to animals	454

GENERAL NATURE AND RELATIONS OF THE WILL	457

RELATION OF THE INTELLECT TO THE WILL Section Pago 1 General relation of the will to the other departments of the mind	459

The intellectual part the foundation or basis of the action of the other parts of the mind	460

The connexion of the intellect with the will	461

The connexion of the understanding with the will shown from	462

its connexion with action	463

Illustration of the statements of the preceding section	464

Nature of the connexion between the intellect and will	465

Opinions of Locke and Mackintosh on this point	467

Power of will and intellect not perfectly correspondent to each other	468

An energetic will sometimes found in connexion with limited powers of intellect	470

RELATION OF THE SENSIBILITIES TO THE WILL 12 Introductory statement	471

Of the division or classification of the sensibilities	472

Acts of the intellect in immediate proximity with emotions	474

Emotions not in proximity with volitions	475

Emotions followed by desires and obligations	476

Desires in proximity with the will	477

Obligatory feelings also in proximity with the will	478

Further remarks and illustrations on this subject	479

Of the strength of the desires	480

Of the strength of feelings of obligation	482

Necessity of the controlling power existing in the will	483

Remarks on the nature of the will	485

Of the nature of the acts of the will or volitions	486

Volition never exists without some object	487

be dependent upon us	489

Volitions involve a prospective element	490

Volitions may exist with various degrees of strength	491

Causes of the variation of strength in volitions	492

Further illustrations of the same subject	493

DISTINCTION BETWEEN DESIRES AND VOLITIONS 33 Of an objection sometimes made to the general arrangement	494

Probable cause of confounding desires and volitions	495

Desires and volitions discriminated in our consciousness	496

Desires differ from volitions in permanency	497

Further proof of this distinction from language	499

Strictures on the foregoing remarks of Reid	500

Volition may exist in respect to those complex acts which the mind can embrace as one	502

If the distinction in question do not exist the foundation of morals becomes unsettled	504

Instances in illustration of the distinction in question	505

43 Illustration from Roman history	506

Proofs from some facts in the mental constitution	507

Of the chastisements of God inflicted on those he loves	508

The scriptural teachings to be understood in their obvious import	510

LAWS OF THE WILL	511

LAWS OF THE WILL IMPLIED IN THE UNIVERSALITY OF LAW 47 The preceding chapters preparatory to what follows	513

Of the importance of the topics now entered upon	514

The inquiry whether the will has its laws preliminary to that of its freedom	515

Analogical argument from the fact that everything throughout nature has its laws	516

Remarks of Cicero on the universality of law	517

Remarks of Hooker on the same subject	518

The universality of law including laws of the will necessarily implied in the idea of God	519

An argument thus furnished in favour of laws of the will	520

LAWS OF THE WILL IMPLIED IN MORAL GOVERNMENT 55 Of the existence of a moral government	521

Laws of the will deducible from the first principles of moral government	522

Inferred also from the fact that the subjects of a moral govern ment must be endued with adequate powers of obedience	523

Laws of the will inferred from that rationality which is essen tial to the subjects of a moral government	524

Laws of the will inferred from the fact that in the administra tion of a moral government motives are employed	525

Inferred also from the application of rewards and punish	526

The same inferred from the fact that the moral government Page	527

The prescience of God taught in the Scriptures	533

ments	537

Foresight of men in respect to the conduct of others	539

Proof from the regularity observable in the commission	546

Statement of other laws that are involved in the constitution	552

The character of motives depends in part on the constitution	559

NATURE OF MENTAL FREEDOM	565

MENTAL HARMONY THE BASIS OR OCCASION OF MENTAL	574

Objected that the foregoing views are necessarily and in their	580

Evidence of the freedom of the will from consciousness	586

Evidence of freedom of the will from feelings of approval	592

OTHER PROOFS OF FREEDOM OF THE WILL Section Page 121 Evidence of the freedom of the will from languages	599

Evidence of the freedom of the will from the control which every man has over his own motives of action	600

The freedom of the will further shown from the attempts of men to influence the conduct of their fellowmen	602

Argued further from the view taken in the Scriptures	603

Practical importance of the doctrine of liberty	604

CONSISTENCY OF LAW AND FREEDOM 128 Objected that the views maintained are contradictory	607

Denial of the alleged contradiction	609

Admission of inexplicableness or mystery	610

Of the limited powers of the human mind	612

We find things which cannot be explained everywhere	613

Illustrated from the influence of men over each other	614

Opposite supposition attended with equal difficulty	615

The doctrine of the wills freedom equally important with that of its subjection to law	616

ENTHRALMENT OR SLAVERY OF THE WILL 138 Of the occasions of mental enthralment	617

Inability to define enthralment or slavery	618

The nature of mental enthralment illustrated by a reference to extorted promises	619

Illustration of the same subject from cases of torture	621

Historical illustrations of the subject	622

The will enthralled by the indulgence of the appetites	624

Enthralment of the will occasioned by predominant and over ruling propensities	625

The will enthralled by inordinate ambition	626

The will enslaved by the indulgence of the passions	627

Inordinate intensity of the domestic affections	628

Of the slavery of the will in connexion with moral accounta bility	630

POWER OF THE WILL CHAP I NATURE OF MENTAL POWER 149 Of the distinction between liberty and power	635

Proof of the distinction between liberty and power	636

Distinction of power and liberty involved in the fact of our being able to form abstract ideas of power and liberty	637

Further shown from the possession of a moral nature	638

Origin of the idea of power in intuition or suggestion	639

The idea of power involves the reality of power	640

Of power as an attribute of the human mind	641

Further shown by a reference to the divine mind	642

POWER OF THE WILL Section 159 Proof of power in the will from the analogy of the mind	644

Proof of power in the will from internal experience	645

Proved from the ability which we have to direct our atten tion to particular subjects 162 Proof of power in the will from observation C	646

Of power of the will as exhibited in patience under suffering	648

Illustration of the subject from the command of temper	649

Further illustration of this subject 166 Proved from the concealment of the passions on sudden and trying occasions	651

Further instances of concealment of the passions	652

Illustrated from the prosecution of some general plan	653

Subject illustrated from the first settlers of New England	655

Illustrated by the fortitude exhibited by Savages 171 On the selfdetermining power of the will	656

DIFFERENCES OF VOLITIONAL POWER 172 Differences in volitional power seldom noticed	657

Remarks on constitutional weakness of the will	658

Of comparative or relative weakness of the will	659

Instances of want of energy of the will	660

Remarks on great strength of the will	662

Energy of the will as shown in imminent danger	663

Energy of the will as shown in martyrdoms	665

Subject illustrated from two classes of public speakers	666

Power of the will requisite in the military and other arts	668

Energy of the will requisite in the men of revolutions	669

Practical application of these views	670

CONSISTENCY OF CHARACTER 184 Connexion of the will with consistency of character	671

Illustrations of the inconsistent character	673

Of individuals remarkable for consistency of character	674

Of the value of consistency in the religious character	676

Of the foundation or basis of consistency or inconsistency of character	677

Of inconsistency of belief in connexion with inconsistency of conduct and character	679

Selfpossession an element of consistency of character	680

Perseverance under changes of circumstances a second ele ment	681

Consistency implies a control over the passions	682

DISCIPLINE OF THE WILL 194 Importance of a due discipline of the Will	684

A due balance of all the powers the most favourable state of things to the just exercise of the will	685

Of the culture of the appetites propensities and passions as auxiliary to the discipline of the will	687

Some instances and proofs of the foregoing statements	689

Importance of repressing the outward signs of the passions	691

Of enlightening the intellect in connexion with the discipline of the will	693

Further remarks on the same subject	696

Section Page 201 Of aiding the will by a reference to the regard of others	697

Of aiding the will by a reference to the conscience	698

Of the aids furnished by the principle of imitation	699

Of aiding the will by placing ourselves in circumstances which do not admit of a retreat	701

Of the effects of habit in giving strength to the will	702

Of strengthening the will by religious considerations 1703	703

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Mental Philosophy: Embracing the Three Departments of the Intellect ...
Thomas Cogswell Upham
Full view - 1869

Common terms and phrases

action acts affection appear appetites apply approval association beauty become benevolent called cause CHAPTER character circumstances conduct connexion conscience consequence consideration considered constitution course desire distinct doctrine duty emotions entire evidently evil excite exercise existence experience express fact feelings follow frequently further give habit hand happiness heart human idea illustrations implies important individuals influence instance instinctive intellect interesting involved kind knowledge less light look means mental mere merely mind moral moral nature nature necessary never notice object obligation occasion operation opinion original painful parents particular passion perception perhaps persons pleasure possess possible present principle probably proof propensity proper question reason reference regard relation remark respect seems sense sensibilities sentiments society sometimes sounds speak statement strength strong sublime suffering suppose term thing tion true truth various whole wrong

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Page 532 - Neither is there any creature that is not manifest in his sight : but all things are naked and opened unto the eyes of him with whom we have to do.

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Bibliographic information

Title	Mental Philosophy: Embracing the Three Departments of the Intellect, Sensibilities, and Will Mental Philosophy: Embracing the Three Departments of the Intellect, Sensibilities, and Will, Thomas Cogswell Upham
Author	Thomas Cogswell Upham
Publisher	Harper & brothers, 1869
Original from	the University of Michigan
Digitized	17 Feb 2006

Export Citation	BiBTeX EndNote RefMan

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