P. 84. Whitefield.

Refer to Franklin's Autobiography for in

teresting matter concerning this famous preacher.

P. 86. Buck and Maccaroni. Do you fully agree with Macaulay's incidental remark about these words?

P. 88. Journey to the Hebrides. Do not fail to look up at least the beautiful passage in this work in which Johnson describes his emotions on visiting Iona.

P. 89. Macpherson. Extracts from Ossian can be easily looked up and brought into the class. The standing of Macpherson in English literature should be investigated and reported on.

P. 92. Gilbert Walmsley; see P. 60.

Button had been, earlier in the century, proprietor of a coffee house which was the resort of political and literary celebrities. The other allusions can easily be verified and explained.

66

P. 95. in a solemn and tender prayer. This prayer can be given from Boswell: Almighty God, Father of all mercy, help me by thy grace, that I may, with humble and sincere thankfulness, remember the comforts and conveniences which I have enjoyed at this place; and that I may resign them with holy submission, equally trusting in thy protection when thou givest and when thou takest away. Have mercy upon me, O Lord, have mercy upon me. To thy fatherly protection, O Lord, I commend this family. Bless, guide, and defend them, that they may so pass through this world, as finally to enjoy thy everlasting happiness, for Jesus Christ's sake, Amen."

had married an Italian fiddler, etc. By this marriage Mrs. Thrale became Mrs. Piozzi. Look up, as e.g., in the Encyclo. Brit., the dates of Mr. Thrale's death and of Mrs. Thrale's marriage, and note what is said of the character of Mr. Piozzi: then consider if you agree with Macaulay's contemptuous way of speaking of this second marriage. Look up, also, the letters that passed between Johnson and Mrs. Thrale at this time. These may be found in Four Centuries of English Letters, by W. Baptiste Scoones.

allusions to the Ephesian matron, and the two pictures in Hamlet. The story of the Ephesian matron, originally told by the Latin writer, Petronius, can be read in Jeremy Taylor's Holy Dying, last chapter. It is also the subject of a "comic serenata by Isaac Bickerstaff, 1769. The allusion to the two pictures the learner can verify without help.

P. 96. Frances Burney stood weeping at the door. See the essay on Madame D'Arblay, in this volume, page 140.

OLIVER GOLDSMITH.

Or the works of Goldsmith the popular ones are very popular indeed, and are kept constantly in print in every variety of form, often with abundant annotation and illustration. Everybody is expected to be acquainted with the Vicar of Wakefield, the Deserted Village, and the Traveller, and with the Comedies. But there are other productions of this pleasing writer that may still be read with interest. A good Goldsmith for the school library should contain all the poetical and dramatic writings and, with due expurgation, such of the prose pieces as are most original and most characteristic of the genius of the author. The Globe Goldsmith, edited by Professor Masson, is not planned for school use. Besides the better known works named above, the Globe contains the Citizen of the World, Essays, The Bee, An Inquiry into the Present State of Polite Learning, the biographies of Bolingbroke, Parnell, Voltaire, and Nash, and all the minor and miscellaneous poems. In no other volume are all these writings so easily accessible.

The famous biographies of Goldsmith are named and characterized by Macaulay in his essay. To these we may now add the life by Mr. William Black in the Men of Letters series, and that by Mr. Austin Dobson in the series of Great Writers. Professor Masson's memoir in the Globe is briefer than the standard lives of the poet, but in animation and beauty of style and in sustained interest, quite worthy to be named in their company. Pupils will find especially attractive, in any of the biographies, the famous Goldsmith anecdotes, so illustrative of the poet's temperament as well as of the lives and manners of the notable men with whom he associated.

P. 99. banshees.

of the Lake, III. vII.

See this word, differently spelled, in the Lady
See also Scott's note on the passage.

In what war had the "old quartermaster" fought?

the glorious and immortal Memory: a standard form of toast used in drinking to the memory of William III.

P. 103. letters purporting to be addressed by a Chinese traveller, etc. It was the Chinese letters that, collected and re

printed, afterwards formed the Citizen of the World. This work, and the Life of Beau Nash, are to be found in the Globe Goldsmith. P. 104. the nine original members of the Club were Joshua Reynolds, Edmund Burke, Dr. Nugent, Anthony Chamier, Topham Beauclerk, Bennett Langton, John Hawkins, Samuel Johnson, and Oliver Goldsmith. Four of these men are distinct and conspicuous personalities in eighteenth-century history and literature: they should be looked up and reported on in the class. Garrick and Boswell were later accessions to the Club.

P. 105. had taken chambers in the more civilized region of the Inns of Court. To understand references to localities in London, the student should consult Baedeker's London or Hare's Walks in London. The chambers which Goldsmith took on this occasion were in Wine Office Court in Fleet St. It was not till he received his payment for The Goodnatured Man (p. 107) that he fitted up the rooms in the Temple, referred to on page 113.

P. 107. Bayes in the Rehearsal. Look up these names in Adams's Dictionary of English Literature.

The finest poem in the Latin language. Macaulay probably refers to Lucretius's De Rerum Natura.

P. 109. He was very nearly hoaxed, etc. By whom?
P. 110. Which was in the right, Maupertuis or Goldsmith?
P. 113. A single man living in the Temple, etc.

On the first floor of No. 2, Brick Court, Middle Temple, lived the learned Blackstone. Here the great lawyer was immersed in writing the fourth volume of his famous Commentaries; but in his calculation of the trials of a legal life, there was one which he had not foreseen. Oliver Goldsmith had taken the rooms above him, and sorely was he disturbed by the roaring comic songs in which the author of The Vicar of Wakefield was wont to indulge, and by the frantic games of blind-man's-buff which preceded his supper parties, and the dancing which followed them. Here Sir Joshua Reynolds, coming in suddenly, found the poet engaged in furiously kicking round the room a parcel containing a masquerade dress which he had ordered and had no money to pay for; and here, on April 4, 1774, poor Goldsmith died, from taking too many James's powders, when he had been forbidden to do so by his doctor, - died, dreadfully in debt, though attended to the grave by numbers of the poor in the neighborhood, to whom he had never failed in kindness and charity. - Hare's Walks in London.

Lord Clive Sir Lawrence Dundas. The former name is a celebrated one in English history. See Macaulay's essay, Lord Clive.

Sir Lawrence Dundas "acquired an immense fortune as commissary to the army in Germany, which procured for him the title of Baronet."

P. 114. the spot was not marked by any inscription, etc. The flat stone bearing the inscription "Here lies Oliver Goldsmith," which visitors to London now see by the side of the walk along the north side of the Temple Church, was placed there in 1860, as near as possible to where the remains are supposed to lie.

P. 115. Johnson wrote the inscription. Do not fail to look up this inscription in the biographies. It is a notable piece of epitaphian Latin. Certain lines of it are often quoted.

MADAME D'ARBLAY.

As compared with the subjects of the four preceding essays in this volume, Madame D'Arblay is an unimportant figure in English literature. In the immense development of the literature of fiction in this century Evelina and Cecilia have relatively lost in attractiveness for the multitude, and only novel-readers of unusual enterprise, drawn perhaps by Macaulay's sympathetic essay, are apt to find them out and to learn from experience that even these old stories still possess a charm of their own. But to the student of eighteenth-century life and manners both the Novels and the Diary are indispensable. With the increasing interest in historical studies such books as the Diary will gain in importance. The young student who desires to read beyond the dry text-books and abridgments of history will find in Madame D'Arblay's Diary both entertainment and instruction in ample measure.

Evelina can be obtained in inexpensive form in the Tauchnitz Collection of British Authors, and both Evelina and Cecilia are to be had in Bohn's Novelists' Library. The Diary is reprinted in various forms and will be found in the public libraries. Especial mention should be made of The Early Diary of Frances Burney, 1768-1778, with a selection from her correspondence, and from the journals of her sisters, Susan and Charlotte Burney: edited by Annie Raine Ellis, London, 1889.

P. 116. The numerous allusions in the first paragraph can easily be looked up by the pupil. Such as have reference to the ages of writers should be carefully verified by noting dates.

The fooleries of Della Crusca. Look up this name in Adams's

Dictionary of English Literature. See also Encyclo. Brit. under the word Academy, Vol. I. p. 73. Read up also on William Gifford. If you read French, and have access to Littré's large French Dictionary, see what he says under the word Crusca.

P. 122. Colman, Twining, etc. Most of these names will be found in easily accessible books. Thomas Twining, born in 1734, was famous in his day as translator of Aristotle's Poetics. James Harris, 1709-1780, was the author of Hermes, a well-known work on language. Giuseppe Baretti was an Italian scholar, long resident in London, and the author of an Italian-English dictionary, still in use. John Hawkesworth published, among other things, an account of the voyages of the famous navigators, Byron, Wallis, Carteret, and Cook.

P. 123. Meltonian ardor. Read in the Encyclo. Brit. the article on the town of Melton-Mowbray, and see if you get any light on the meaning of this epithet.

The Italian singers and the peers and peeresses whose names appear on this page all figure in Frances Burney's Early Diary, and it would be of no use to look them up elsewhere. Macaulay mentions Lord Ashburnham's gold key because Fanny herself mentions it in connection with this nobleman's office as Groom of the Stole and First Lord of the Bedchamber. See Encyclo. Brit. under Royal Household.

Bruce was the great African traveller of that day. He is conspicuous in the Diary.

P. 124. Omai was an Otaheitan whom Captain Cook, the great navigator, brought to England on his first voyage. He was a great lion in London society. He is often mentioned in the Diary; Boswell reports a speech of Johnson about him; and Macaulay tells a little anecdote of him in his essay on the Principal Italian Writers. The reference to Oberea, queen of Otaheite, and to Opano is also to be explained from the Diary. Opano is Sir Joseph Banks, who visited Otaheite in the capacity of naturalist to Captain Cook's first expedition. Banks was much admired by Oberea. The stories about Mr. Banks and the dusky queen greatly amused the London public, and there was much jesting on the subject.

P. 126. Master Betty, sometimes called the Young Roscius,