§ 900. NOTE. After a connective, a distinct sentence often takes the place of a part of a sentence, and sometimes the reverse; as, Ἔρχονται κήρυκες· οἱ μὲν ἄλλοι βάρβαροι, ἦν δ ̓ αὐτῶν Φαλῖνος εἷς Ἕλλην (for εἷς d'auτwy . 'E.], there come heralds; the rest barbarians, but [there was] one of them Phalinus, a Greek. II. 1. 7. See I. 10. 19. Παρημέλουν ὄντες ἄποικοι· οὔτε γὰρ . . . διδόντες [for οὔτε διδόντες, or οὔτε γὰρ ἐδίδοσαν. The construction might be made regular by repeating παρημέλουν]. Thuc. I. 25. See § 371, β. $901. V. The Greek especially abounds in combinatious of particles, and in elliptical phrases having the power of particles. The use of these sometimes extends farther than their origin and structure would strictly warrant. A few examples of these combinations and phrases are given below, but the subject in its details belongs to the lexicographer rather than the grammarian. 1. ἀλλὰ γάρ, καὶ γάρ, see § 891. 2. 2. ἀλλ ̓ ἤ [from ἄλλο ἤ or ἄλλα 4], οὐκ ἔχω, ἀλλ ̓ ἢ μικρόν τι. VII. 7. 53. ὁδόν. IV. 6. 11. other than, except ; as, Αργύριον μὲν Οὐδαμοῦ . . ., ἀλλ ̓ ἢ κατ ̓ αὐτὴν τὴν 5. ἄλλως τε καί, both otherwise and in particular, especially; as, Οὐδὲν νομίζω ἀνδρὶ, ἄλλως τε καὶ ἄρχοντι, κάλλιον εἶναι κτῆμα. VII. 7. 41. 4. δῆλον ὅτι, it is evident that, evidently, εἰ οἶδ ̓ ὅτι, οἶδ ̓ ὅτι, σάφ ̓ ἴσθ ̓ ὅτι, and similar phrases, which are often inserted in sentences (quite like adverbs), or annexed to them ; as, Τὰ μὲν δὴ Κύρου δῆλον ὅτι οὕτως ἔχει. I. 3. 9. ἂν ὑμεῖς, εὖ οἶδ ̓ ὅτι, ἐπαύσασθε. Dem. 72. 24. Μονώτατος γὰρ εἶ σὺ . . ., εὖ ἔσθ' ὅτι. Ar. Plut. 182. 5. εἰ γάρ, εἴθ ̓ ὠφελον, see §§ 826, 827. 2. Οὔτ' 6. εἰ δὲ μή, but if not, otherwise, used even after negative sentences; as, Μὴ ποιήσῃς ταῦτα· εἰ δὲ μὴ, ἔφη, αἰτίαν ἕξεις, do not do this, otherwise, said he, you will have blame. VII. 1. 8. Οὔτ ̓ ἐν τῷ ὕδατι τὰ ὅπλα ἦν ἔχειν· εἰ δὲ μὴ, ἥρπαζεν ὁ ποταμός. IV. 3. 6. 7. ἵνα τί, ὡς τί, and ὅτι τί, see § 765, α. 8. μή τί γε, not to say aught surely, i. e. much less, or much more; as, Οὐκ ἔνι δ ̓ αὐτὸν ἀργοῦντα οὐδὲ τοῖς φίλοις ἐπιτάττειν ὑπὲρ αὑτοῦ τι ποιεῖν, μή τί γε δὴ τοῖς θεοῖς. Dem. 24. 21. 9. ὅτι μή after negatives, except [= ὅ τι μή ἐστι, what is not]; as, Οὐ γὰρ ἦν κρήνη, ὅτι μὴ μία. Thuc. IV. 26. 10. οὐ γὰρ ἀλλά, for it is not otherwise, but, i. e. for indeed ; as, Οὐ γὰρ ἀλλ ̓ ἡ γῆ βίᾳ ἕλκει. Ar. Nub. 232. 11. οὐ μέντοι ἀλλά, οὐ μὴν ἀλλά, yet no, but, i. e. nevertheless, or nay rath. er; as, Ο ἵππος πίπτει εἰς γόνατα, καὶ μικροῦ κἀκεῖνον ἐξετραχήλισεν· οὐ μὴν ἀλλ ̓ ἐπέμεινεν ὁ Κῦρος. Cyr. I. 4. 8. 12. οὐχ ὅτι, μὴ ὅτι, οὐχ ὅσον, οὐχ ὅπως, μὴ ὅπως, οὐχ οἷον, I do not say that, not to say that, &c., i. e. not only, or not only not (the three first phrases usually mean not only, and the three last not only not); as, Οὐχ ὅτι μόνος ὁ Κρίσ των ἐν ἡσυχία ἦν, ἀλλὰ καὶ οἱ φίλοι αὐτοῦ, not only was Crito himself unmolested, but also his friends. Mem. II. 9. 8. Μὴ γὰρ ὅτι ἄρχοντα, ἀλλὰ καὶ οὓς οὐ φοβοῦνται, ο αἰδοῦνται. Cyr. VIII. 1. 28. "Αχρηστοι γὰρ καὶ γυναιξὶν ... , μὴ ὅτι ἀνδράσι, ‘not to say men. Pl. Rep. 398, e. Οὐχ ὅσον οὐκ ἠμύ ναντο, ἀλλ ̓ οὐδ ̓ ἐσώθησαν. Thuc. IV. 62. Ὡς οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι οὐχ ὅπως του μωρήσαιντο, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπαινήσαιεν, that the Lacedamonians had not only not punished, but had even commended. H. Gr. V. 4. 34. Οὐχ ὅπως δῶρα δούς. VII. 7. 8. Μὴ ὅπως ὀρχεῖσθαι ἐν ῥυθμῷ, ἀλλ ̓ οὐδ ̓ ὀρθοῦσθαι ἐδύνασθε. Cyr. I. 3. 10. Πεπαύμεθ ̓ ἡμεῖς, οὐχ ὅπως σὲ παύσομεν. Soph. Εl. 796. NOTE. Οὐχ ὅτι is sometimes although [not because, denying an inference which might be drawn]; as, Εγγυῶμαι μὴ ἐπιλήσεσθαι, οὐχ ὅτι παίζει καί φησ σιν ἐπιλήσμων εἶναι. Pl. Prot. 356, d. § 902. VI. POSITION OF PARTICLES. 1. Prepositions regularly precede the words which they govern. For the accentuation when they follow (which is chiefly poetic), see §§ 114, 115. ΝΟΤΕ. The great fondness of the Greeks for connecting kindred or contrasting words as closely as possible often produces hyperbaton in the construction of the preposition with its case, as well as in other constructions; thus, Πρὸς ἄλλοτ ̓ ἄλλον, for ἄλλοτε πρὸς ἄλλον. Æsch. Prom. 276. Παρὰ φίλης Φίλῳ φέρειν γυναικὸς ἀνδρί. Id. Cho. 89. See § 734. 3. For hyperbaton in earnest entreaty, see § 624, ß. § 903. 2. Connective and interrogative particles, with the exceptions mentioned below (NOTE a), commonly stand first in their clauses). NOTES. a. The following particles cannot stand first in a clause; v (not for ἐάν, § 815), ἄρα (paroxytone), αὖ, γάρ, γέ, δαί, δέ, δή (except in Homer and Pindar), δῆθεν, δῆτα, μέν, μέντοι, μήν, νύν (enclitic), οὖν, πέρ, τέ, τοί, τοίνυν, and the indefinite adverbs beginning with = (ποτέ, πού, &c., § 116. 2). Thus, Ὁ δὲ πείθεταί τε καὶ συλλαμβάνει, and he is both persuaded and apprehends. I. 1. 3. β. Ὅτι is sometimes placed after a subordinate clause; as, Κύρῳ εἶπεν, εἰ αὐτῷ δοίη ἱππέας χιλίους, ὅτι... κατακάνοι [for ὅτι, εἰ . . ., κατακάνοι]. Ι. 6. 2. Ἔφη αὐτῷ ταῦτα συμπροθυμηθέντι, ὅτι οὐ μεταμελήσει. VII. I. 5. See Ib. 11, 36; II. 2. 20. 7. A sentence introduced by a connective often follows the vocative, instead of including it. By this arrangement, immediate attention is better secured. Thus, Ηφαιστε, σοὶ δὲ χρὴ μελεῖν ἐπιστολάς [for σοὶ δὲ, Ηφαιστε], and you, Vulcan, must heed the commands, Asch. Prom. 3. § 904. 3. The adverbs ἕνεκα and χάριν commonly follow, but sometimes precede, the genitives which they govern (§ 551, γ). Observe the arrangement, Τῆς πρόσθεν ἕνεκα περὶ ἐμὲ ἀρετῆς, Ι. 4. 8; and, Οίπερ αὐτὸς ἕνεκα, Ι. 9. 21. 4. A particle is sometimes placed in one clause which belongs more strictly to another (Cf. § 845); as, Ovx oìd' äv ɛi πείσαιμι [for οἶδ', εἰ πείσαιμ' ἄν]. Eur. Med. 941. 5. In emphatic address, the sign is sometimes placed as follows; Ἔρεβος ὦ φαεινότατον. Soph. Αj. 395. Θαυμάσι ̓ ὦ Κρίτων. Pl. Euthyd. 271, c. Ἡμῖν εἰπὲ ὦ πρὸς Διὸς Μέλιτε. Id. Apol. 25, c. GREEK INDEX. [In this and the following Index, the figures refer to sections and their parts, The par., 182. airxgós, cp., 262. α, 51, 52 : ακ > a and n, αἴρω < ἀείρω, 389: ἄρας, yx, cp., 265, 267: w. [4. äyw, cj., 358: äys, 842. xμv, adv. acc., 642. ἀκροάομαι, εj., 351. λλά × äλλ¤, 119. 1: ἀλλήλων, dec., 184: 253, clusions, 830-833: w. av', because, 755. {βασιλεύς (sc. 5), 702, Ν. use, 751. 3; 810, 840. aù> ni in augm., 312. 2. 732, II. : w. dat., 587: vw, cp., 267: w. gen., as present, 794, y. gas, par, 182: 238, 389. Baiva, cj., 398, 372: ny, par., 307: 376: 216. γεύω, W. acc. and gen., |