of discourse, when once introduced, go along with the mind continually; and it betrays inattention to the drift of thought, or incapacity to follow it, or, at best, a very bad habit which prevents the reader from showing outwardly that he follows it, when he makes no distinction between the words and phrases that refer to those objects, and such as bring the hearer acquainted with something new."-SMART.

MODIFYING CLAUSES.

Intervening clauses are of two sorts; one is called the modifying clause, and the other the parenthesis.

A modifying clause qualifies or affects the meaning of the sentence:

A man, conspicuous in a high station, who multiplies hopes that he may multiply dependents, may be considered as a beast of prey.

RULE XXVI. Modifying clauses, adverbial phrases, words or phrases in apposition, the case absolute, must all be separated by short pauses; and, the reader having availed himself, if requisite, of the advantage of taking breath, must be commenced with a lower voice than the preceding part of the sentence; the

voice must afterwards rise gradually to the end of the clause, phrase, or case absolute *.

THE PARENTHESIS.

A parenthesis is a member which does not affect the construction of the sentence within which it is inserted.

RULE XXVII. A parenthesis requires to be pronounced with a depression of voice, and somewhat faster than the rest of the sentence, with a pause before and after it; and it must generally conclude with an inflection similar † to that which immediately precedes it. After the parenthesis, the voice must resume the louder tone from which it fell, in order to preserve the connexion in the thought:

1.

-If there's a power above us,

(And that there is, all nature cries aloud

Through all her wórks) he must delight in virtue. 2. While they wish to pléase, (and why should they not-wish-it?) they disdain dishonourable means.

When the parenthesis is long, it may be

* For this rule and the preceding definitions, the author is indebted to "The Philosophy of Elocution."

+ Similar but not the same. In the given example, the inflection on 'works,' would scarcely rise so high as the suspensive slide on 'above.'

pronounced in a continuative tone, to distinguish it from the sentence within which it is inserted.

XXVIII. Additional Rules respecting Pauses.

1. A pause may be made after a nominative even when it consists of only one word, if it be a word of importance, or if we wish it to be particularly observed. This This pause is indicated

by a comma above the line:

The fool' hath said in his heart, There is no God. Discretion' does not always show itself in words, but in all the circumstances of action.

2. Generally pause after contrasted words. 3. An emphatic word admits a pause after it, (sometimes before it) proportioned to its degree of importance.

RULE XXIX. When a noun or pronoun is followed by a relative which modifies it, the noun or pronoun requires an accent and a pause after it:

Hé' cannot exalt his thoughts to any thing great or noble, who only believes that, after a short turn on the stage of this world, he is to sink into oblivion, and lose his consciousness for ever.

EXPLANATION OF MARKS AND 1

1. A comma inserted above the line denotes a short pause, less than at a comma introduced in the usual place in the line.

2. Two commas (,,) denote a longer pause than at a single comma.

3. A dash (-) indicates a considerable pause. 4. The acute accent (') is used to denote the rising, or upward inflection;

5. The grave accent () is used to denote the falling, or downward inflection:

Ex. E'loquence ànimates.

In pronouncing these words, the voice appears to slide upwards on

downwards on 'animates.'

eloquence,' and

6. The double acute accent (") denotes the suspensive slide, or highest rising inflection in the sentence:

Ex. He that thinks he can afford to be negligent of his expences, is not far from being poor.

7. The inflection marked over a word must be continued over the following word or words which are connected by hyphens :

Ex. E'nter-not' into judgment-with-thy-servant' O-Lord, &c.'

The rising inflection on the word Enter' is to be continued over the word 'not,' as if these two words formed one word of three syllables. Again; the rising inflection on the word judgment' must be extended, gradually becoming higher and feebler, over the subsequent words with thy servant,' and continued, after a slight pause, over O Lord.' See Rule

XXV.

8. SMALL CAPITALS denote a more forcible utterance than Italics.

9. Words in Italics or in small capitals, not marked with an inflection, admit either the rising or the falling.

10. A horizontal mark ( ̄) over a word denotes a lengthened utterance, terminating with the rising inflection: as, O Lord.

11. The figures, placed above some words, refer to the Rules.

(*) An asterisk placed between brackets above the line, shews that a loud voice will best suit the succeeding words.

(0) A small circle placed between brackets below the line, denotes that a low voice is requisite in pronouncing the following passage.

The bracket after some notes, distinguishes those for which the author is responsible.