Anatomy and Physiology of Speech |
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Page 8
... neurons and an internuncial connector . Reflexes involving only two neurons are rare ; the knee kick is considered an example . In most arcs one or more association neurons , always located within the central nervous system , link the ...
... neurons and an internuncial connector . Reflexes involving only two neurons are rare ; the knee kick is considered an example . In most arcs one or more association neurons , always located within the central nervous system , link the ...
Page 9
... neurons so dichoto- mize ( divide ) that they may excite certain motor neurons while in- hibiting their immediate antagonists . In this way purposeful behavior is obtained . If we energize the elevator muscles of the mandible or of the ...
... neurons so dichoto- mize ( divide ) that they may excite certain motor neurons while in- hibiting their immediate antagonists . In this way purposeful behavior is obtained . If we energize the elevator muscles of the mandible or of the ...
Page 292
... neurons enter the ipsilateral dorsal and ventral coch- lear nuclei in the upper medulla and pons . Many second - order neurons from both nuclei cross over within the trapezoid body , and some or all of these neurons synapse with the ...
... neurons enter the ipsilateral dorsal and ventral coch- lear nuclei in the upper medulla and pons . Many second - order neurons from both nuclei cross over within the trapezoid body , and some or all of these neurons synapse with the ...
Contents
A Survey of the Speech Mechanism | 1 |
Nervous Regulation of Speech | 4 |
Autonomic and Endocrine Regulators of Speech | 46 |
Copyright | |
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abdominal activity anatomy arch artery articulation aryepiglottic folds arytenoid auditory basal ganglia basilar membrane body brain branch breathing called canal cells centers central cerebellum cerebral cerebrum cervical cochlea connective tissue cortex cranial cricoid cricothyroid disorders elevates epiglottis epithelium Eustachian tube external facial frequency frontal function ganglion glands glottis gyrus hard palate hearing hormone hyoid bone impulses inferior innervated internal involved larynx lateral lesions ligament lips lobe lower lung mandible mandibular maxillary medial medulla middle ear motor mouth movements mucosa mucous membrane muscular nasal cavities nasopharynx nerve fibers nervous system neurons nose nucleus oral organ originates paired palatine pharynx phonation pitch posterior posteriorly pressure produce region resonance respiratory ribs sensory septum side sinus sinuses soft palate speech sounds spinal cord structures superior surface teeth temporal thoracic thyroid cartilage tone tongue tonsils trachea tract transverse upper velum vertebrae vibrations vocal folds voice vowels wall