Anatomy and Physiology of Speech

abdominal activity anatomy arch artery articulation aryepiglottic folds arytenoid auditory basal ganglia basilar membrane body brain branch breathing called canal cells centers central cerebellum cerebral cerebrum cervical cochlea connective tissue cortex cranial cricoid cricothyroid disorders elevates epiglottis epithelium Eustachian tube external facial frequency frontal function ganglion glands glottis gyrus hard palate hearing hormone hyoid bone impulses inferior innervated internal involved larynx lateral lesions ligament lips lobe lower lung mandible mandibular maxillary medial medulla middle ear motor mouth movements mucosa mucous membrane muscular nasal cavities nasopharynx nerve fibers nervous system neurons nose nucleus oral organ originates paired palatine pharynx phonation pitch posterior posteriorly pressure produce region resonance respiratory ribs sensory septum side sinus sinuses soft palate speech sounds spinal cord structures superior surface teeth temporal thoracic thyroid cartilage tone tongue tonsils trachea tract transverse upper velum vertebrae vibrations vocal folds voice vowels wall