George Clifford were, in that age, often careless and unaffectionate to their female children. The want of a male heir is a great mortification to an aristocratic family. What, however, was deficient in the allowances of her parents, was supplied in some measure in presents from noble ladies, particularly the Countesses of Northumberland, Derby, and Warwick, who used to fetch her to visit them in their own coaches, and sent her donations, sometimes in gold, sometimes in silver groats, threepences, &c., in small silver barrels, often in trinkets, venison, (what would a young lady of these days think of a whole stag at a time,) fruit, fish, &c. The mother's directions for her dress and management are numerous and minute. But to proceed with our extracts.

"Item. A reward for finding her ladyship's golden picture lost, 15s." Rather high.

By some unaccountable syncope of memory or understanding, Dr. Whitaker asks upon this article"Were there any miniatures at this time?" Has he forgotten Portia's caskets? Has he forgotten, or did he never read a play called Hamlet, written near the time which he is inquiring about? If the pictures Hamlet shows to the Queen were not miniatures, but full length portraits, yet there is another passage which puts the question to rest at once," It is not very strange; for my uncle is King of Denmark, and those who would have made mouths at him while my father lived, give twenty, forty, fifty, and a hundred ducats a piece for his picture in little." The wearing of miniatures, richly set in gold, pearls, or diamonds, was a fashion in the courts of Elizabeth and the first Stuarts. Hiliard, and the elder Oliver, the first Englishmen who could be called artists, were both miniature painters, and both living in 1600. Another item in

her Ladyship's accounts is, an ivory box to put a picture in, xiid. Now surely a picture contained in a twelvepenny box of ivory,* must have been as minute as any of Petito's, famous as he was for inserting portraits into rings, bracelets, and seals. Possibly the doctor has confounded miniature in general, with miniature in enamel.

It is afflicting to think how the free and graceful motions of childhood have been constrained and distorted by the absurdities of fashion. The Lady Anne did not wholly escape. We find among her memoranda 7s to a French woman for a Rabato wyre: this by its high price must have been a new-fangled torture and again, 5s. 11d. for a Verdingale and Verdingale wyre. The purpose of the rabato or ruff was to prevent the natural turn or fall of the neck: and how would a maiden trip it on the elastic turf, or fragrant heather of a mountain side, if her steps were impeded by a Verdingale stiffened with wire? Some other items there are which seldom enter the bills of a modern lady's education; for example, "15s. for a masque." "Item 10s. to musicians for playing at my Lady Anne's masque." Masques, indeed, were then worn as an article of dress-a piece of supererogatory modesty which gave license to much impudence. But the masque, at which the musicians played must have been, not a modern masquerade, but one of those allegorical pastorals, which were so much in vogue at the courts of Elizabeth and James, and particularly patronised by Anne of Denmark, with whom the daughter of Clifford was a special

* Is there not an error in transcription here? When almost all foreign commodities (wines excepted) were much dearer than at present, it is very unlikely that an ivory box, however tiny, should not cost more than one shilling.

favourite. Who will censure a fashion which gave birth to Comus?

Of printed books, there is no mention; we find a pair of writing tables charged at 11s., and two paper books; one for accompte, and another to write her catechism in. The Church catechism is probably meant, for Pinnock's Catechisms then were not. Yet it is rather remarkable, that in an age so very religious, a young woman so well tutored, should, in her eleventh year, require a book to write down, what every village child can say by heart at Perhaps some more advanced system of theological instruction is intended.* The only article from

seven.

"I wish it were a part of modern education in the same rank to require young ladies either to write or read their Catechism. But modern education takes a different course, and therefore produces no such characters as Lady Anne Clifford."-WHITAKER.-Fudge! As an antiquary, we can well allow the Doctor to cling as fondly to the relics of old times, as ivy to a ruin. Let him praise old poets, old sermons, old books, old manners, old wine, rites, ceremonies, superstitions, as much as he pleases, we can sympathise with him to any extent. But when the Catechism is the topic, he ought to speak, not as an Antiquary, but as a Divine, and should not have suffered his fanciful partiality for things, which after all, would not charm if they were not obsolete, to seduce him into a vulgar, jacobinical sneer at all the female rank of his own days. Young ladies of Lady Anne's station do not now usually repeat the Catechism to the Curate after the second lesson at evening prayer," nor can we find that such was ever the custom; but are we thence to conclude, that their religious instruction is neglected? So far from it, if ever religion was in fashion it is at the present day. Young men, educated at classical or commercial seminaries do sometimes exhibit a most disgraceful heathenish ignorance, not only of the doctrines and constitution of the Church to which they are supposed to belong (not belonging

which we can derive a hope that she was not quite forgotten by her father, is the following "Item to Captain Davis's man when he shall come to my Lady with Indian clothes." These Indian clothes might be part of the Earl's booty.

We should not have expected, at a time when "filthy worsted stocking knave," was a Shaksperian epithet of contempt, to find an Earl's daughter wearing green worsted stockings. Some little matters rather go beyond our antiquarian knowledge; for instance, "twelve little glasses of coodinecks;" "eleven bunches of glass feathers;" "two dozen glass flowers," &c. We are aware that glass is sometimes spun into a very close resemblance to ostrich feathers; but was this practised at the commencement of the seventeenth century?

After all, it must be acknowledged that these accounts give little information as to the more solid parts of Lady Anne's breeding. The most pleasant intelligence which they supply is, that she was not debarred from healthful recreation. There is nothing to be objected to but the wire.

to any other) but of the plain historical facts of Christianity -because in these establishments, the only attention paid to Christian instruction, consists, or did very lately consist, in a compulsory attendance at a Chapel, where though something might be learned, nothing is. It is but justice to acknowledge that considerable improvement has been made in this particular within the few last years. But such exposures of ignorance in the other sex are comparatively

rare.

Let it be remembered that we are not speaking of what would emphatically be called "a religious education," for it is manifest that Lady Anne's was not of that character; inasmuch as she learned dancing, and the use of the crossbow, and took part in private theatricals.

With what gratitude she received the instructions of Daniel, is testified by the monument erected at her cost in the church of Beckington, Somerset, with this inscription

"Here lies, expecting the second coming o our Lord and Saviour, Jesus Christ, the dead body of Samuel Daniel, Esq., that excellent poet and historian, who was Tutor to the Lady Anne Clifford in her youth. She was daughter and heir to George, Earl of Cumberland, who in gratitude to him erected this monument to his memory a long time after, when she was Countess Dowager of Pembroke, Dorset, and Montgomery. He died in October, anno 1619."

She has also introduced the likeness of her tutor in the family picture at Skipton.* He had doubtless

"Samuel Daniel, the most noted Poet and Historian of his time, was born of a wealthy family in Somersetshire, and at seventeen years of age, became a Commoner of Magdalen Hall, where he continued about three years, and improved himself in mathematical learning by the help of an excellent tutor. But his Geny being more prone to easier and smoother studies, than in pecking and hewing at logic, he left the University without the honour of a degree, and exercised it much in English History and Poetry, of which he then gave several ingenious specimens. He was afterwards for his merits made gentleman extraordinary, and afterwards one of the grooms of the privy chamber, to Anne the Queen Consort of King James I., who being for the most part a favourer and encourager of his muse (as she was of John Florio, who married Samuel Daniel's sister) and many times delighted in his conversation, not only in private but in public, was partly for these reasons held in esteem by the men of that age for his excellencies in Poetry and History, and partly in this respect, that in writing of English affairs whether in prose or poetry, he had the happiness to reconcile brevity with clearness, qualities at great distance in other authors. Daniel had also a good faculty in setting out a mask or play, and was wanting