favorable and unfavorable to, 385;
forced to conceal itself, 391; a thing
of degrees, 391; its spread, 392; see
"Reformation," under the separate
reformers, and under the different
countries.
Protestants, origin of the name, 117; do
not submit to the action of the Diet
of Spires (1529), 118; their number
in Spain, 408; their divisions aid the
Catholic Reaction, 415; their doc-
trine of the Church, 464.
Protestant nations compared with Cath-
olic, 510.
Provence, the bards of, 33.
"Provincial Letters," 452.
Provisors, statute of, 40.
Prussia, its rise, 456.
Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals, character
and effect of the, 24.
Puritans, their origin and tenets, 342;
their objections to the vestments,
342; their doctrines as expounded
by Cartwright, 345; under James I.,
433, 434; ejection of their ministers
(1662), 442.
Puritan controversy, the merits of it,
348; Lord Bacon's judgment, 349.
Rabelais, the spirit of his writings, 250.
Radbert, 147.
Raleigh, Sir Walter, 435, 533.
Ramus, Peter, 499.
Rationalism, German, its two types,
545; in the Deistic form, 546; Pan-
theistic, 546.
Ratisbon, Catholic alliance formed at,
115; conference at, 157.
Ratramnus, denied transubstantiation,
148.
Ranke, on Tycho Brahe and astrol-
ogy, 3; on Leo X., 47; his criticism
of Davila, 260; on the conspiracy
of Amboise, 261; on the Orleans
plot, 263; on the slaughter of St.
Bartholomew, 276; on Henry IV.
and the Huguenots, 283; on the
"Casket Letters" and the murder
of Darnley, 377; on Sarpi and Pal-
lavicini, 400; on the absence of the
spirit of propagandism among Prot-
estants, 416.
Reformation, long in preparation, 2;
agency of individuals in the, 2; its
origin and nature a subject of contro-
versy, 2; astrological theory of the, 2;
called by Leo X. a quarrel of monks,
3; not merely a continuance of the
strife of popes and emperors, 4;
not merely a political event, 4;
Guizot's view of, 4; an improvement
of religion, 5; regarded by some as
a step towards Rationalism, 6; a
religious event, 8; its fundamental
character, 8; a reaction of Christian-
ity as Gospel against Christianity as
law, 9; tends to intellectual liberty,
10; not an isolated phenomenon,
10; age of the, characterized, 10; two-
fold aspect of the, 11; chronological
limits of the, 12; Bellarmine, Adrian
VI., and Erasmus, on the need of,
13; how it spread from Germany,
170; allies itself with democracy in
the towns of the Hansa, 174; fore-
runners of the, how classified, 53;
causes and omens of the, 54 seq.; vari-
ous influences in the preparation of it,
84; could not come from Humanism,
132; its spread in Germany (1524),
115; its influence on science and
literature, 519; complaints of Eras-
mus, 519; its effect on literature in
England, 532; in Germany, 534;
its effect on schools in England,
534; in Germany, 534; its benefit
to Holland, 535; to Scotland, 535;
political consequences of the, 513; its
effect on religion, 541; its effect on
philosophy, 536.
Reformers, Gallican, held to priestly
authority, 59.
Reformers, radical, 59.
Reforms, efforts to effect, in the fif-
teenth century, 42.
Regency, German Council of, refuses
to crush Lutheranism, 114.
Religion, its character in the Middle
Ages, 52; how affected by the
revival of learning, 68.
Renaissance, the tone of it in France,
250; scepticism of the Italian, 542.
See" Revival of Learning."
Republic, the Dutch, rise of, 305; grows
strong under Maurice, 310. See
"Netherlands," "William of Or-
ange," "
'Philip II."
Requesens, his policy, 305; success-
ful in the South, 305; his death,
305; revolt of his soldiers, 305.
Reservation, the Ecclesiastical, 168; its
effect, 169, 416; complaints of its
violation, 423.
Restitution, Edict of, 427.
Restoration, of
Rome, city of, its preeminence, 18;
sacked by the imperial troops, 117.
Rome, Empire of, effect of its fall on
the Church, 22.
Rome, See of, grounds of its distinc-
tion, 19; foundation of its primacy,
in the East, 20; political ground of
the primacy of, 18; growth of its
power, 20; favored by Roman empe-
rors, 21; servile relations of, to
Justinian, 21; the bishop of, his
primacy, 18; how built up, 18;
view of Cyprian, 18. See "Pa-
pacy," and under the separate popes.
Charles II., how Romorantin, Edict of, 261.
effected, 441.
Reuchlin, his religious character, 74;
his contest with the monks, 74; con-
demned by the Sorbonne, 244.
Revival of Learning, spreads over
Europe, 68; its consequences to re-
ligion, 68; produces the downfall of
Scholasticism, 69; its effect on the
study of the Scriptures, 71; its
sceptical character in Italy, 72; its
character in Germany, 74; in Eng-
land. 76.
Roscoe, on the character of Leo X., 47.
Rothe, on the organization of the prim-
itive Church, 15.
Rouen, captured and sacked by the
Catholics, 269.
Roussel, G., takes refuge with Bri-
çonnet, 245.
Rudolph II., his fanaticism, 423.
Rudolph of Hapsburg, his submission
to the Papacy, 29.
Ryswick, Peace of, 456.
Revolution, French, gradually pre- Sacraments, Luther's discussion of the,
pared, 1; predicted, 2.
Sadolet, Calvin's letter to, 216.
Saint André, one of the Triumvirate,
Sainte Beuve, on infidelity in France
under Louis XIV., 544.
Sarpi, Father Paul, on Leo X., 46.
Savoy, Dukes of, Vidames of Geneva,
208.
Savoy Conference, 442.
Scandinavian kingdoms, their union,
170; power of the prelates in, 170.
Ridley, on Predestination, 336; his Scepticism, of the Renaissance in Italy,
Ritter J. I., on the decline of the
Papacy, 51; on Leo X., 47.
Rizzio, murder of, 370.
Robertson, J. B., 6.
Robinson, John, his principles, 347, 439.
Rochelle, its usefulness to the Hugue-
nots, 271.
Roky çana, 181.
542; origin of modern, 542; in
France, 544; in the reign of Louis
XIV., 458.
Schism, the Great Papal, 42.
Scholasticism, its uses, 69; causes of
its downfall, 69, 70.
Savonarola, his career, 64; works on,64.
Schleiermacher, character of his influ-
ence, 546, 547.
Schmidt, on the Catharists, 55.
Schwab, on Boniface VIII., 37.
Schurff, Jerome, 110.
Sigismund II., King of Poland,
friendly to Protestantism, 186.
Silvester, Pope, 35.
Sismondi, on Italy in the 15th century,
386.
Sixtus IV., Pope, his character and
aims, 45; his doctrine respecting the
deliverance of souls fron purgatory,
Socinianism, its principles, 479.
Socinus, Faustus, his history, 479; his
influence in Poland, 183.
Scotland, its condition at the Reforma-
tion, 352; roughness of the nobles,
351; wealth and profligacy of its
clergy, 352; covetousness of the
nobles, 352; need of Reformation
in, 352; attempts at reform in, 353;
martyrs in, 353; Reformation legal- Sixtus V., his Index expurgatorius,
ized in, 356; delivered from danger
from the Guises, 357; League and
Covenant formed in (1638), 437;
under Charles II., and James II.,
446; benefit of the Reformation to,
536; Reformation in, connected with
that of England, 351; Reformation
in, not preceded by the revival of
letters, 352, marked by hatred of
the Papacy, 353, established by law,
356. See "Knox," Mary, Queen
of Scots," "Protestantism."
Scroggs, Judge, 529.
Sects, rise of anti-sacerdotal, 54; works
on them, 55; anti-sacerdotal, what
they indicate, 58; multiplication of,
548; analogous divisions in the Cath-
olic church, 548; bad effect of, 549.
Selden, 438.
Semler, relation of Rationalism to,
545, 547.
Sendomir, Synod of, 187.
Servetus, influence of his death favora-
ble to toleration, 225; his early his-
tory and studies. 226; publishes his
book on the Trinity, 227; as a nat-
uralist and physician, 227; at
Vienne, 227; publishes his "Res-
toration of Christianity," 228; his
doctrine, 228; arraigned for heresy
before a Roman Catholic tribunal,
228; evidence against him from
Geneva, 228; escapes and comes to
Geneva, 229; is tried, convicted, and
burned at the stake, 230; Guizot's
judgment of, 232; the execution of,
generally approved, 232. See "Cal-
vin."
Seville, Protestantism in, 408.
Sigismund I., King of Poland, 185.
Socinus, Lælius, 479; why treated
with forbearance by Calvin, 232.
Somerset, 325; his invasion of Scot-
land, 326; suppresses a Catholic
rebellion, 326; brought to the scaf-
fold, 327.
Sorbonne, hostile to innovations in
doctrine, 242, 244; hostile to Reuch-
lin, 244; it puts forth a creed, 253.
Smalcald, League of, formed, 156,
admission of the four cities to, 156.
Smalcaldic War, 164.
Smith, Mrs. H. B., 206.
Spain, monarchy, in the 15th century,
in, 44; fanatical spirit of the mon-
archy in, 289; the inquisition in,
289; attacked on the seas by the
Dutch, 310; its desultory conflict
with England, 382; literary spirit
in, 406; Protestant influences upon,
407; character of Protestantism in,
407; Protestantism eradicated in,
409. See "Literature."
Spinola, his efforts for the reunion of
churches, 484.
Spires, Diet at (1526), 116; in 1529,
Spirituals, or Fratricelli, their char-
acter, 57.
Spottiswoode, on the abduction of
Mary, 375.
St. Aldegonde, 297; discusses tolera-
tion with William of Orange, 313.
State, its power in relation to the
Church, statement of the Augsburg
confession, 490; of Luther, 490;
Theatins, their origin, 397.
Theology, Lutheran, peculiarities of,
481.
of Melancthon, 490; in Germany,
494; Zwingle's view, 494.
"Church and State."
States General of France, their meet- Theology, the Protestant, its essential
ing at Orleans, 262.
Staupitz, his counsels to Luther, 90.
St. Bartholomew, massacre of, was it
premeditated, 276.
St. Germain, edict of (1562), 266;
Treaty of (1570), 272.
Stillingfleet, 446.
Strauss, D. F., 546.
Stunica, his charges of heresy against
Erasmus, 81.
St. Victor, School of, 65.
Supremacy, act of, under Henry
VIII., 321.
Supremacy, the King's, meaning at-
tached to it at first, 332; indirectly
assailed by the Puritans, 346.
principles, 459; its denial of human
merit, 461; makes the Bible the rule
of faith, 461; its doctrine of the
Church, 464; its doctrine of a uni-
versal priesthood, 468; its opposition
to the Mass, penances, etc., 469; to
invocation of Mary and the Saints,
the worship of images and relics,
pilgrimages, etc., 470; its qualita-
tive conception of character, 471.
Theology, Roman Catholic, its doc-
trine of justification, 463; its doc-
trine of the Church, 465; its doc-
trine of the Sacraments, 466; its
modification after the Reformation,
467; its doctrine of the priesthood,
468.
Sunday, theory of the Reformers on Theses, Luther posts his, 92; commo-
its observance, 483.
Sutri, Synod of, 25.
Sweden, first preaching of Protestant-
ism in, 176; adopts the Reformation,
176; conduct of its soldiers in Ger-
many, 427; efforts of Jesuits in,
414; how affected by the treaty of
Westphalia, 432; decline of its
power, 456.
Switzerland, its condition in the 15th
century, 136; how demoralized,
136; influence of literary culture in,
137; the Reformation in, both politi-
cal and religious, 143; catastrophe
of the Reformation in, 154.
Taborites, their tenets, 179.
Tacitus, on the religion of the Ger-
mans, 85.
Taine, on the character of the Ger-
mans, 85; on the religious feeling of
Elizabethan writers, 533.
Tauler, John, his character, 66; is
studied by Luther, 90.
"Territorial system," 494.
Tertullian, against persecution, 222.
Tetzel, his sale of indulgences, 92;
his counter-theses, 96.
tion excited by them, 95; give joy
to Reuchlin, 96; opposed by Prierias,
Tetzel, and Eck, 96.
Thirty Year's War, main cause of its
miseries, 426; how ended, 431; its
effect on Germany, 432.
Ticknor, on the decline of Spanish lit-
erature, 521.
Tillotson, 446.
Tilly, his victories, 427.
Toleration, Act of, 445.
Torgau, League of, 116.
Torquemada, 403.
Tosti, his life of Boniface VIII., 37.
Toulouse, Albigenses in, 55.
Tournon, Cardinal de, 252.
Traheron, Bartholomew, on Calvinism
in England, 337; on the Eucharistic
question in England, 340.
Transubstantiation, the doctrine of,
when adopted in the Church, 147;
made an article of faith, 148; denied
by Luther, 100; denied by all the
Reformers, 148.
Triumvirate, its formation in France,
264.
Trent, Council of, begins with con-
demning the Protestant doctrine, 164.
Trie, Guillaume, 228.
Trinity, agreement of Catholics and
Protestants on the doctrine of the,
460.
Valla, Laurentius, exposes the fiction
of Constantine's donation, 389.
Van Male, 290.
Tulloch, on the Anglican Calvinists, Vasa, Gustavus, establishes Protes-
Tunstal, Bishop of Durham, 323.
Turks, the, dangerous to Europe, 108;
they hinder Charles V. from attack-
ing the Protestants, 157.
Tycho Brahe, his faith in astrology, 3.
Tyndale, his martyrdom, 317; Frith,
his martyrdom, 317
Ullmann, on the nature of the Refor-
mation, 9.
Uniformity, Act of, 331.
tantism in Sweden, 176.
Vassy, massacre of, 267; rouses the in-
dignation of the Huguenots, 268.
Vergerio, flies from Italy, 404.
Venice, Protestantism in, 393, 395.
Vervins, Treaty of, 283.
Vestments, controversy on, 342; opin-
ion of Jewel and other bishops on
the use of them, 343; opinion of
Burleigh and other statesmen, 343;
advice of the Swiss Reformers, 343;
statements of Macaulay, 344.
Unigenitus, the Bull, 453; its effect Villabra, 410.
on the French clergy, 457.
Union of Catholics and Protestants,
efforts to procure it, 481; efforts of
Grotius, 482.
Union, of Calvinists and Lutherans,
efforts to procure it, 481.
Union, Evangelical, in Germany, 424.
Union, the Utrecht, 307.
Unitarians, in Poland, 186; in Trans-
sylvania, 190. See "Socinus, Faus-
tus."
Universities, strongholds of Scholasti-
cism, 75; Humanists admitted to
some of them, 75; influence of the
Jesuits in, 414.
Urban VI., Pope, 42.
Urban VIII., 524.
Usher, Archbishop, 437; a Calvinist,
339.
Utraquists, origin of the, 178; they
go beyond Huss, 179; not subdued
by crusades, 181; are heard at the
Council of Basel, 181; concessions
to them, 181; division of the, 179;
war between the two parties of,
182; refuse to join Ferdinand I. in
the Smalcaldic War, 183.
Utrecht, Peace of, 456.
Uytenbogaert, 473.
the Church to Leo I., 21.
Vilmar, on the reception of Christi-
anity by the Germans, 85.
Vinet, on Calvin, 238.
Villari, on Savonarola, 64.
Visitation, the Saxon, 491.
Voltaire, 457; refers the Reformation
to a dispute of monks, 3; Erasmus
compared with, 77; on Pascal's
"Provincial Letters," 525.
Waddington, on Luther and the Peas-
ants' War, 134.
Waldenses, their origin and tenets,
56; works on the, 56; massacre of,
in Calabria, 405.
Waldo, Peter, 56.
Wallenstein, his faith in astrology, 3;
his character, 426; victories of, 427;
removed from command, 427; recall-
ed, 429; put to death, and why, 430.
War of Cappel, effect of it, 207.
War, the Peasants', 133; connection
of Lutheranism with, 133; the Ref-
ormation not responsible for, 135.
Wars, civil in France, the beginning
of, 268.
Warburton, on Church and State, 501.
Walter, on the origin of the Episco-
pate, 15.
Wartburg, Luther's residence at the,
112.
Valentinian III., gives supremacy in Wesley, John, his theology, 475.
|