Mackintosh, on Henry VIII., 324.
Madrid, Peace of (1526), 116.
Magdeburg, resists the Interim and
the Emperor, 165.
Mair, John, 354.
Manicheans, 55; laws against, 223.
Marburg, conference at, 152.
Margaret, Queen of Navarre, her court
visited by Calvin, 196; her mystical
and reformatory tendencies, 245; her
writings, 246; protects the Protes-
tants. 246; Calvin's letter to, 247.
Margaret, of Parma, made Regent in
the Netherlands, 291; her dislike of
Alva, 301.
Margaret, of Savoy, Regent in the
Netherlands, not disposed to persecu-
tion, 288.
Maria Queen of Hungary, Regent in
the Netherlands, 288.
Mark, William de la, heads the sea-
beggars," 304.
Marot, Clement, in Ferrara, 392; his
version of the Psalms, 254; they are
sung by martyrs, 256.
Marsilius of Padua, his "Defensor
Pacis," 41.
Martel, Charles, defeats the Moham-
medans, 22.
Martin V., his conduct after he was
chosen Pope, 43.
Martin, Henri, on Zwingle, 143; on the
slaughter of St. Bartholomew, 276.
Martyr, Peter, called to England, 326;
on predestination, 336; becomes a
Protestant, 394; flies from Italy, 404.
Mary, Queen of England, restores Ca-
tholicism, 327; her marriage with
Philip II., 327; becomes unpopular,
329.
Mary, Regent of Scotland, her course
towards the Protestants, 353; her
death, 356.
Mary de Medici, seeks an alliance with
Spain, 447.
Mary, Queen of Scots, peril to Eng-
land from her pretensions, 352; re-
turns to Scotland, 357; her qual-
ities, 357; her policy respecting
religion, 358; celebrates mass in her
chapel, 358; her relations to Murray,
358; crushes the Earl of Huntley, 358;
debates with Knox on the obligations
of a subject, 361; holds another inter-
view with Knox, 363; sends for him
again, 364; her projected marriage
with a Catholic Prince, 365; it is pub-
licly opposed by Knox, 365; she calls
him to account, 366; cites Knox be-
fore the privy council, 366; her mar-
riage with Darnley, 369; Elizabeth's
displeasure with it, 369; alarm of the
Protestants, 369; they take up arms,
369; she is disgusted with her hus-
band, 370, 372; escapes from Holy-
rood to Dunbar, 371; her attachment
to Bothwell, 372; she visits Darnley,
373; takes him to Kirk-of-field, 374;
her abduction by Bothwell, 374; she
marries him, 375; captured at Car-
berry-Hill, 375; insulted by the peo-
ple, 375; a prisoner in Lochleven,
375; Melville on her attachment to
Bothwell, 376; did she write the
"casket letters?" 376; abdicates
and appoints Murray regent, 378;
escapes from Lochleven, 380; de-
feated at Langside, 381; escapes to
England, 381; the hope of the ene-
mies of Elizabeth, 381; her execu-
tion, 381.
Maryland, religious liberty in, 508.
Massacre of St. Bartholomew, how
planned, 275; number killed in Paris
and elsewhere, 277; joy in Rome and
Madrid, 277; its effect on the Hu-
guenots, 280.
Massachusetts, alleged intolerance in,
440.
Mathesius, on the religious instruction
given to youth before the Reforma-
tion, 88.
Maurice, Prince of Orange, 310; his
quarrel with the Elector John Fred-
eric, 159: his character, 159; his
defection, 159; turns against Charles
V., and why, 166; chases him out
of Innspruck, 167.
Maurus, Rabanus, denied transubstan-
tiation, 148.
Maximilian I., his message about Lu-
characterized, 83; character of religion
in the, 52.
ther, 49.
Maximilian II., inclined to Protestant- Mignet, on the vacillation of Francis
ism, 422.
Maximilian, of Bavaria, leader of the Millenary petition, 434.
Mazarin, his policy, 450.
Meaux, spirit of reform in, 245.
Milman, on the anti-hierarchical spirit
of the early vernacular literature, 34.
Militz, 61.
Miltitz, his negotiation with Luther, 97.
Medici, Julian and Lorenzo de, plot Milton, on the slavery of the press in-
for their assassination, 45.
Melancthon, his character, 97; Reuch-
lin's prophecy respecting, 97; his be-
lief in astrology, 3; on the year of Lu-
ther's birth, 87; his doings at the Diet
of Augsburg (1530), 119; cheered by
Luther, 121; at the conference at
Marburg, 152; changes his opinion
on the Eucharist and Predestina-
tion, 160; his changed relations to
Luther, 160; his funeral address on
Luther, 162; his connection with the
Leipsic Interim, 165; his concessions,
165; offended by a letter of Calvin,
204; Calvin's affection for, 214; op.
poses Calvin's doctrine of Predesti-
nation, 214; on the execution of Ser-
vetus, 232; invited to Paris by Francis
I., 252; his commentary on the Ro-
mans, 461: on the spread of Protes-
tantism in Italy, 394; on the observ-
ance of Sunday, 483.
Melville, Andrew, 380.
Melville, James, his description of
Knox, 380.
Italy, 527; his visit to Galileo, 527;
on the liberty of the press, 528; on
forbidding the mass, 528; on Armin-
ius, 528.
Minorites, principles of the, 41.
Missions, Protestant and Catholic, 550.
Mohammedanism, its progress in Eu-
rope, 22; checked by Charles Martel,
Möhler, on Protestantism and Rational-
ism, 6.
Molanus, his correspondence with Bos-
suet, 484.
Monarchy, its victory over feudalism,
11; the watchword of the opponents
of the Papacy in the 14th century,
40; consolidation of, in Europe in
the 15th century, 44; Dante's treat-
40.
ise on,
Molina, his system, 451.
Monasticism, opposition of Erasmus to,
79; origin of, 79.
Montaigne, his father on the tendency
of the Reformation, 6; his scepticism,
251.
Montmorenci, outstripped by the
Guises, 258; one of the Triumvirate,
264.
Melville, Sir James, on the policy pre-
scribed to Mary of Scotland, 359;
on the abduction of Mary, 375; on
her love to Bothwell, 375.
Morata, Professor at Ferrara, 393.
Mendicant orders, how treated by Chau- More, Sir Thomas, at Oxford, 76; his
cer, 35.
"Utopia," 76; the execution of, 325.
Menno, his influence on the Anabap- Mornay, Du Plessis, his disputation
tists, 311.
Mennonites, their character, 311.
Morone, on the spread of Protestantism
in Italy, 393; persecution of, 406.
Methodius, a missionary in Bohemia, Morton, Earl of, 373.
178.
Mühlberg, battle of, 164.
Michelet, on Catharine de Medici, 275; Murray, conducts the government of
Middle Ages, Christianity of the, 8;
Scotland under Mary, 359; incurs
the displeasure of Kuox, 367; takes
up arms on the Queen's marriage,
369; took no part in the murder of
Darnley, 373; Spottiswoode's opinion
of, 377: his perspicacity and firm-
ness, 380; brings foward the "cas-
ket letters," 381.
Mysticism, the nature of, 65; in An-
selm, 65; of Briçonnet and his
friends, 245.
Mystics, in the Middle Ages, 65; works
on the, 65; the pioneers of the Ref-
ormation, 67.
Names, how rendered into Greek and
Latin, 97.
Nantes, Edict of, established, 283; its
revocation, 454.
Naples, Protestantism in, 394, 395.
Nationalism, rise and characteristics of,
31; exhibited by the Legists, 36;
opposed to Boniface VIII., 36.
Navarre, Henry d'Albret, king of, 246.
Navarre, Anthony of, his opposition to
the Guises, 258; his character and
aims, 258; won over to the Catholics,
267; his death, 269.
Neander, on the Middle Ages, 9; on the
origin of the Episcopate, 15; on the
religious feeling of the German race,
86; on Zwingle, 143; on the origin
and nature of Rationalism, 546.
Nemours, Duchess of, 274.
Nepotism of the Popes, 45.
Netherlands, sects in, before the Refor-
mation, 57; thrift and intelligence
of the, 285; relation to the German
Empire (1518), 286; how Protestant-
ism was introduced into the, 280;
persecution under Charles V., 287;
number of martyrs under Charles V.
in the, 289; first complaints against
Philip II., 292; the inquisition in
the, 294; hatred of the Spaniards
in the, 297; icononoclasm in the, 299;
"Council of Blood," in the, 302;
submission of the Catholic provinces
to Philip, 309; preponderance of the
Calvinists in the, 311.
New England, cause of its settlement,
439.
Nicholas I., Pope, his power, 25.
Nicholas V., Pope, his grant to Al-
phonso, King of Portugal, 47.
Nicole, 452.
Nimeguen, Treaty of, 455.
Nominalism, its effect on scholasticism,
70.
Nordlingen, battle of, 431.
Norfolk, his rebellion, 381.
Norway, the Reformation in, 175.
Nostradamus, the astrologer, 3.
Nuremberg, Diet of (1522), presents one
hundred complaints against the See
of Rome,115; Diet of (1524), remands
the subject of the Worms decree to
the several princes, 115; Peace of.
(1532), 57.
Occam, William of, maintains the
cause of the civil authority, 40; his
nominalism and sceptical philosophy,
70; his relation to Luther's doctrine
of the Eucharist, 151.
Ochino, becomes a Protestant, 394; flies
from Italy, 404; a professor at Ox-
ford, 326; a Unitarian, 478.
Ecolampadius, his character, 143; on
the doctrine of Servetus, 227.
Oldenburg, Count of, 175.
Old Testament, character of the re-
ligion of the, 14.
Olivetan, Peter, 194.
"Opposants," 453.
Oratory of Divine Love, its members
and spirit, 392.
Orders, rise of the mendicant, 31; in-
dicate a revival of religious zeal, 397.
Osiander, 322.
Otho I., the Holy Roman Empire be-
gins with him, 25.
Otho III., intervenes in the affairs of
the Papacy, 25.
Otho IV., excommunicated by Inno-
cent III., 30.
Oxenstiern, 430.
Palfrey, his history of New England,
441.
Pallavicini, on Leo X., 46.
Passau, Treaty of, 167.
Patrick, Bishop, 446.
Paul, the Apostle, his Catholic inter-
pretation of Christianity, 14.
Paul III., Pope, his belief in astrology,
3; encourages Francis I. to aid the
Protestants, 49; allied with Francis
I. against Charles V., 165; friendly
to the Catholic reforming party, 395;
his Commissions of Reform, 395;
transfers the Council of Trent to
Bologna, 401.
Paul IV., his administration, 411; his
treatment of Elizabeth, 411; his re-
lations to Queen Mary of England,
Pantheism, its relation to Deism, 544.
Papacy, its relation to the sacerdotal
order, 14; its growth favored by
political circumstances, 21; its alli-
ance with the Franks, 22; its relation
to Charlemagne, 23; how affected by
the divisions of his empire, 24; ex-
alted by the Pseudo-Isidorian Decre-
tals, 24; period of Pornocracy in
the, 25; intervention of Otho I., Otho
III., and Henry III., in the affairs
of the, 25; Hildebrand's idea of the,
26; its conflict with the Empire, 26;
its advantages in this conflict, 27;
aided in the conflict by divisions in
Germany, 27; victory of the, 28; cul-
mination of its power, 29; how affected
by the rule of celibacy, 29; theory of
the, advanced by Innocent III., 29;
nature of its struggle with the Em-
pire, 32; benefits of the, in the Middle
Ages, 32; how treated by Dante, Pe-
trarch, and Boccaccio, 34; reaction
against the, 36; decline of its prestige,
38; in the period of Babylonian cap-
tivity, 38; its aggressions upon Ger-
many, England, and other countries,
38; the Great Schism, 42; Gallican
theory of the, 42; spirit of the, in the
15th century, 44; secularizing of the,
50; character of the in the Middle
Ages, 50; its weakness under and
after Louis XIV., 457.
Parkman, his work on the Jesuits in Pfefferkorn, 75.
America, 550.
Parliament, the French, supports or-
thodoxy, 242, 244; the Scottish,
confirms the establishment of Prot-
estantism, 378.
Parma, Alexander of, in command in
the Netherlands, 306; the Catholic
provinces submit to him,310; Philip's
design to dismiss him, 310; his con-
test with Henry IV. in France, 280.
Paris, a seat of Catholic fanaticism,
269.
Paris, University of, condemns the
"Colloquies" of Erasmus, 81.
Pascal, his "Provincial letters," 452,
525.
Pavia, battle of, 116.
Pepin, his usurpation, 23; delivers the
Papacy, 23.
Pepys, his diary, 443.
Perrin, Amy, 212; leads an insurrec-
tion, 233.
Peter, first mention of him as Bishop of
Rome, 18.
Peter of Bruys, 54.
Petersen, Olaf, and Lawrence, preach
the Reformation in Sweden, 176.
Petit, J., 505.
Petrarch, on the Papacy, 34; his re-
lation to the revival of Learning, 67:
on the corruption of the Papacy,
388.
Philip, the Fair, his contest with Boni-
face VIII., 37; on the usurpations of
the clergy, 37; supported by his
realm, 38.
Philip, Landgrave of Hesse, tries to
unite the Lutherans and the Swiss,
152; restores the Duke of Würtem-
burg, 157; his double marriage, 157,
492; surrenders himself to Charles
V., 164; released, 168.
Philip II., of Spain, his schemes cause
alarm in France (1570), 272; his
relations to the League in France,
280; his character, 289; an implaca-
ble enemy of religious dissent, 289;
his unpopularity in the Netherlands,
290; appoints Margaret of Parma
Regent, 291; leaves regiments in the
Netherlands, 292; increases the num-
ber of bishoprics there, 292; revives
the persecuting edicts of Charles V.,
294; effect of his persecution in the
Netherlands, 297; professes to miti-
gate the persecution, 298; his perfidy,
299; sends Alva to the Netherlands
301; condemns all the people of the
Netherlands as heretics, 302; will
not grant toleration, 305; reply of
William of Orange to his charges,
307; his design to dismiss Parma,
310; discomfiture of, 311; carries
England into war with France, 330;
his death, 330.
"Pierce the Ploughman's Crede," 34.
Piers' Ploughman, the vision of, 34.
Pisa, the Council of, 43.
Piotrkow, Diet of, 186.
Pius IV., his character, 411.
Pius V., his character and policy, 411;
requests Alva to destroy Geneva,
302.
Pius IX., his Encyclical Letter, 518.
Plymouth, settlement at, 439; settled
by Separatists, 440; their agreement
with the Massachusetts settlers, 440.
Poggio, 222; his character, 390.
Poissy, Colloquy of, 265; Beza's ap-
pearance at, 265; result of the, 265.
Poland, its condition before the Ref-
ormation, 184; how Protestantism
was introduced into, 184; its pro-
gress in, 185; dissension of Protes-
tants in, 187.
Pole, Cardinal, how treated by the
Catholic Reaction, 406; deprived of
his legatine office, 330.
Politiques, rise of the Party of, 277.
Political Economy, rise of the science
of, 540.
Polity, the Lutheran, its main features,
491; the reformed, 495.
Pomponatius, 542.
Popes, origin of their temporal king-
dom, 24; their infallibility asserted,
30; their character in the fifteenth
century, 45; their relation to the
temporal power, 504.
Præmunire, statute of, passed, 40; re-
vived by Henry VIII., 320.
Pragmatic Sanction, history of the, 48;
repeal of the, 49.
Prague, University of, declares for the
Utraquists, 179.
Prayer-Book of the Church of Eng-
land, framed, 326.
Predestination, Calvin's doctrine of,
200; Zwingle's view of, 200; Calvin's
view compared with Augustine's,
201; with Luther's, 202; in the Lu-
theran theology, 202; views of Angli-
can reformers on, 335; they are not
rigid in the assertion of, 338; discus-
sion of, among the Protestants, 472.
Presbyterianism, how far legalized in
England, 438; established in Scot-
land, 446; its form in Geneva, 497;
in France, 498; in Scotland, 498.
Presbyterians, how treated by Charles
II., 442; their jealousy of State
control, 499.
Prescott, on William of Orange, 309.
Prierias, Sylvester, writes against
Luther, 96.
Priesthood, idea of, connected with the
ministry, 16.
Professio Fidei (Tridentine), 402.
Protest at the Diet of Spires (1529), 117.
Protestantism, its positive element, 9;
its objective side, 9; its source in the
Scriptures, 10; a practical assertion
of private judgment, 10; rejects
Papal and priestly authority, 13;
characterized, 54; spread of (from
1532), 157; from the Peace of Augs-
burg (1555), 169; why its progress
was checked, 415; less acceptable in
Southern Europe, 419; variations of
its polity, 487; its spirit in the seven-
teenth century, 543; its struggle in
the seventeenth century, 421; its in-
fluence on liberty, 513; its political
effect on Germany, 514; in England,
514; in America, 515; effect of the
suppression of it on literature in
Spain, 520; in Italy, 522; its relation
to the fine arts, 540; spirit of prog-
ress in, 551; multiplying of sects
under, 548; in Italy: circumstances
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