Mackintosh, on Henry VIII., 324. Madrid, Peace of (1526), 116. Magdeburg, resists the Interim and the Emperor, 165. Mair, John, 354.
Manicheans, 55; laws against, 223. Marburg, conference at, 152. Margaret, Queen of Navarre, her court visited by Calvin, 196; her mystical and reformatory tendencies, 245; her writings, 246; protects the Protes- tants. 246; Calvin's letter to, 247. Margaret, of Parma, made Regent in the Netherlands, 291; her dislike of Alva, 301.
Margaret, of Savoy, Regent in the Netherlands, not disposed to persecu- tion, 288.
Maria Queen of Hungary, Regent in the Netherlands, 288.
Mark, William de la, heads the sea- beggars," 304.
Marot, Clement, in Ferrara, 392; his version of the Psalms, 254; they are sung by martyrs, 256.
Marsilius of Padua, his "Defensor Pacis," 41.
Martel, Charles, defeats the Moham- medans, 22.
Martin V., his conduct after he was chosen Pope, 43.
Martin, Henri, on Zwingle, 143; on the slaughter of St. Bartholomew, 276. Martyr, Peter, called to England, 326;
on predestination, 336; becomes a Protestant, 394; flies from Italy, 404. Mary, Queen of England, restores Ca- tholicism, 327; her marriage with Philip II., 327; becomes unpopular, 329.
Mary, Regent of Scotland, her course towards the Protestants, 353; her death, 356.
Mary de Medici, seeks an alliance with Spain, 447.
Mary, Queen of Scots, peril to Eng- land from her pretensions, 352; re- turns to Scotland, 357; her qual- ities, 357; her policy respecting religion, 358; celebrates mass in her
chapel, 358; her relations to Murray, 358; crushes the Earl of Huntley, 358; debates with Knox on the obligations of a subject, 361; holds another inter- view with Knox, 363; sends for him again, 364; her projected marriage with a Catholic Prince, 365; it is pub- licly opposed by Knox, 365; she calls him to account, 366; cites Knox be- fore the privy council, 366; her mar- riage with Darnley, 369; Elizabeth's displeasure with it, 369; alarm of the Protestants, 369; they take up arms, 369; she is disgusted with her hus- band, 370, 372; escapes from Holy- rood to Dunbar, 371; her attachment to Bothwell, 372; she visits Darnley, 373; takes him to Kirk-of-field, 374; her abduction by Bothwell, 374; she marries him, 375; captured at Car- berry-Hill, 375; insulted by the peo- ple, 375; a prisoner in Lochleven, 375; Melville on her attachment to Bothwell, 376; did she write the "casket letters?" 376; abdicates and appoints Murray regent, 378; escapes from Lochleven, 380; de- feated at Langside, 381; escapes to England, 381; the hope of the ene- mies of Elizabeth, 381; her execu- tion, 381.
Maryland, religious liberty in, 508. Massacre of St. Bartholomew, how
planned, 275; number killed in Paris and elsewhere, 277; joy in Rome and Madrid, 277; its effect on the Hu- guenots, 280. Massachusetts, alleged intolerance in, 440.
Mathesius, on the religious instruction given to youth before the Reforma- tion, 88. Maurice, Prince of Orange, 310; his quarrel with the Elector John Fred- eric, 159: his character, 159; his defection, 159; turns against Charles V., and why, 166; chases him out of Innspruck, 167. Maurus, Rabanus, denied transubstan- tiation, 148.
Maximilian I., his message about Lu-
characterized, 83; character of religion in the, 52.
ther, 49. Maximilian II., inclined to Protestant- Mignet, on the vacillation of Francis ism, 422.
Maximilian, of Bavaria, leader of the Millenary petition, 434.
Mazarin, his policy, 450.
Meaux, spirit of reform in, 245.
Milman, on the anti-hierarchical spirit of the early vernacular literature, 34. Militz, 61.
Miltitz, his negotiation with Luther, 97.
Medici, Julian and Lorenzo de, plot Milton, on the slavery of the press in-
for their assassination, 45. Melancthon, his character, 97; Reuch- lin's prophecy respecting, 97; his be- lief in astrology, 3; on the year of Lu- ther's birth, 87; his doings at the Diet of Augsburg (1530), 119; cheered by Luther, 121; at the conference at Marburg, 152; changes his opinion on the Eucharist and Predestina- tion, 160; his changed relations to Luther, 160; his funeral address on Luther, 162; his connection with the Leipsic Interim, 165; his concessions, 165; offended by a letter of Calvin, 204; Calvin's affection for, 214; op. poses Calvin's doctrine of Predesti- nation, 214; on the execution of Ser- vetus, 232; invited to Paris by Francis I., 252; his commentary on the Ro- mans, 461: on the spread of Protes- tantism in Italy, 394; on the observ- ance of Sunday, 483.
Melville, Andrew, 380. Melville, James, his description of Knox, 380.
Italy, 527; his visit to Galileo, 527; on the liberty of the press, 528; on forbidding the mass, 528; on Armin- ius, 528.
Minorites, principles of the, 41. Missions, Protestant and Catholic, 550. Mohammedanism, its progress in Eu- rope, 22; checked by Charles Martel,
Möhler, on Protestantism and Rational- ism, 6.
Molanus, his correspondence with Bos- suet, 484.
Monarchy, its victory over feudalism, 11; the watchword of the opponents of the Papacy in the 14th century, 40; consolidation of, in Europe in the 15th century, 44; Dante's treat- 40.
ise on, Molina, his system, 451. Monasticism, opposition of Erasmus to, 79; origin of, 79.
Montaigne, his father on the tendency of the Reformation, 6; his scepticism, 251.
Montmorenci, outstripped by the Guises, 258; one of the Triumvirate, 264.
Melville, Sir James, on the policy pre- scribed to Mary of Scotland, 359; on the abduction of Mary, 375; on her love to Bothwell, 375. Morata, Professor at Ferrara, 393. Mendicant orders, how treated by Chau- More, Sir Thomas, at Oxford, 76; his cer, 35. "Utopia," 76; the execution of, 325.
Menno, his influence on the Anabap- Mornay, Du Plessis, his disputation tists, 311.
Mennonites, their character, 311.
Morone, on the spread of Protestantism
in Italy, 393; persecution of, 406.
Methodius, a missionary in Bohemia, Morton, Earl of, 373. 178.
Mühlberg, battle of, 164.
Michelet, on Catharine de Medici, 275; Murray, conducts the government of
Middle Ages, Christianity of the, 8;
Scotland under Mary, 359; incurs the displeasure of Kuox, 367; takes
up arms on the Queen's marriage, 369; took no part in the murder of Darnley, 373; Spottiswoode's opinion of, 377: his perspicacity and firm- ness, 380; brings foward the "cas- ket letters," 381.
Mysticism, the nature of, 65; in An- selm, 65; of Briçonnet and his friends, 245.
Mystics, in the Middle Ages, 65; works on the, 65; the pioneers of the Ref- ormation, 67.
Names, how rendered into Greek and Latin, 97.
Nantes, Edict of, established, 283; its revocation, 454.
Naples, Protestantism in, 394, 395. Nationalism, rise and characteristics of,
31; exhibited by the Legists, 36; opposed to Boniface VIII., 36. Navarre, Henry d'Albret, king of, 246. Navarre, Anthony of, his opposition to the Guises, 258; his character and aims, 258; won over to the Catholics, 267; his death, 269.
Neander, on the Middle Ages, 9; on the origin of the Episcopate, 15; on the religious feeling of the German race, 86; on Zwingle, 143; on the origin and nature of Rationalism, 546. Nemours, Duchess of, 274. Nepotism of the Popes, 45. Netherlands, sects in, before the Refor- mation, 57; thrift and intelligence of the, 285; relation to the German Empire (1518), 286; how Protestant- ism was introduced into the, 280; persecution under Charles V., 287; number of martyrs under Charles V. in the, 289; first complaints against Philip II., 292; the inquisition in the, 294; hatred of the Spaniards in the, 297; icononoclasm in the, 299; "Council of Blood," in the, 302; submission of the Catholic provinces to Philip, 309; preponderance of the Calvinists in the, 311.
New England, cause of its settlement, 439.
Nicholas I., Pope, his power, 25. Nicholas V., Pope, his grant to Al- phonso, King of Portugal, 47. Nicole, 452.
Nimeguen, Treaty of, 455. Nominalism, its effect on scholasticism, 70.
Nordlingen, battle of, 431. Norfolk, his rebellion, 381. Norway, the Reformation in, 175. Nostradamus, the astrologer, 3. Nuremberg, Diet of (1522), presents one hundred complaints against the See of Rome,115; Diet of (1524), remands the subject of the Worms decree to the several princes, 115; Peace of. (1532), 57.
Occam, William of, maintains the cause of the civil authority, 40; his nominalism and sceptical philosophy, 70; his relation to Luther's doctrine of the Eucharist, 151. Ochino, becomes a Protestant, 394; flies from Italy, 404; a professor at Ox- ford, 326; a Unitarian, 478. Ecolampadius, his character, 143; on the doctrine of Servetus, 227. Oldenburg, Count of, 175. Old Testament, character of the re- ligion of the, 14. Olivetan, Peter, 194. "Opposants," 453.
Oratory of Divine Love, its members and spirit, 392.
Orders, rise of the mendicant, 31; in-
dicate a revival of religious zeal, 397. Osiander, 322.
Otho I., the Holy Roman Empire be- gins with him, 25.
Otho III., intervenes in the affairs of the Papacy, 25. Otho IV., excommunicated by Inno- cent III., 30. Oxenstiern, 430.
Palfrey, his history of New England, 441.
Pallavicini, on Leo X., 46.
Passau, Treaty of, 167. Patrick, Bishop, 446. Paul, the Apostle, his Catholic inter- pretation of Christianity, 14. Paul III., Pope, his belief in astrology, 3; encourages Francis I. to aid the Protestants, 49; allied with Francis I. against Charles V., 165; friendly to the Catholic reforming party, 395; his Commissions of Reform, 395; transfers the Council of Trent to Bologna, 401.
Paul IV., his administration, 411; his treatment of Elizabeth, 411; his re- lations to Queen Mary of England,
Pantheism, its relation to Deism, 544. Papacy, its relation to the sacerdotal order, 14; its growth favored by political circumstances, 21; its alli- ance with the Franks, 22; its relation to Charlemagne, 23; how affected by the divisions of his empire, 24; ex- alted by the Pseudo-Isidorian Decre- tals, 24; period of Pornocracy in the, 25; intervention of Otho I., Otho III., and Henry III., in the affairs of the, 25; Hildebrand's idea of the, 26; its conflict with the Empire, 26; its advantages in this conflict, 27; aided in the conflict by divisions in Germany, 27; victory of the, 28; cul- mination of its power, 29; how affected by the rule of celibacy, 29; theory of the, advanced by Innocent III., 29; nature of its struggle with the Em- pire, 32; benefits of the, in the Middle Ages, 32; how treated by Dante, Pe- trarch, and Boccaccio, 34; reaction against the, 36; decline of its prestige, 38; in the period of Babylonian cap- tivity, 38; its aggressions upon Ger- many, England, and other countries, 38; the Great Schism, 42; Gallican theory of the, 42; spirit of the, in the 15th century, 44; secularizing of the, 50; character of the in the Middle Ages, 50; its weakness under and after Louis XIV., 457. Parkman, his work on the Jesuits in Pfefferkorn, 75. America, 550.
Parliament, the French, supports or- thodoxy, 242, 244; the Scottish, confirms the establishment of Prot- estantism, 378.
Parma, Alexander of, in command in the Netherlands, 306; the Catholic provinces submit to him,310; Philip's design to dismiss him, 310; his con- test with Henry IV. in France, 280. Paris, a seat of Catholic fanaticism, 269.
Paris, University of, condemns the
"Colloquies" of Erasmus, 81. Pascal, his "Provincial letters," 452, 525.
Pavia, battle of, 116.
Pepin, his usurpation, 23; delivers the Papacy, 23.
Pepys, his diary, 443.
Perrin, Amy, 212; leads an insurrec- tion, 233.
Peter, first mention of him as Bishop of Rome, 18.
Peter of Bruys, 54. Petersen, Olaf, and Lawrence, preach the Reformation in Sweden, 176. Petit, J., 505. Petrarch, on the Papacy, 34; his re- lation to the revival of Learning, 67: on the corruption of the Papacy, 388.
Philip, the Fair, his contest with Boni- face VIII., 37; on the usurpations of the clergy, 37; supported by his realm, 38.
Philip, Landgrave of Hesse, tries to
unite the Lutherans and the Swiss, 152; restores the Duke of Würtem- burg, 157; his double marriage, 157, 492; surrenders himself to Charles V., 164; released, 168. Philip II., of Spain, his schemes cause alarm in France (1570), 272; his relations to the League in France, 280; his character, 289; an implaca- ble enemy of religious dissent, 289; his unpopularity in the Netherlands,
290; appoints Margaret of Parma Regent, 291; leaves regiments in the Netherlands, 292; increases the num- ber of bishoprics there, 292; revives the persecuting edicts of Charles V., 294; effect of his persecution in the Netherlands, 297; professes to miti- gate the persecution, 298; his perfidy, 299; sends Alva to the Netherlands 301; condemns all the people of the Netherlands as heretics, 302; will not grant toleration, 305; reply of William of Orange to his charges, 307; his design to dismiss Parma, 310; discomfiture of, 311; carries England into war with France, 330; his death, 330.
"Pierce the Ploughman's Crede," 34. Piers' Ploughman, the vision of, 34. Pisa, the Council of, 43. Piotrkow, Diet of, 186. Pius IV., his character, 411. Pius V., his character and policy, 411; requests Alva to destroy Geneva, 302.
Pius IX., his Encyclical Letter, 518. Plymouth, settlement at, 439; settled
by Separatists, 440; their agreement with the Massachusetts settlers, 440. Poggio, 222; his character, 390. Poissy, Colloquy of, 265; Beza's ap- pearance at, 265; result of the, 265. Poland, its condition before the Ref- ormation, 184; how Protestantism was introduced into, 184; its pro- gress in, 185; dissension of Protes- tants in, 187.
Pole, Cardinal, how treated by the Catholic Reaction, 406; deprived of his legatine office, 330. Politiques, rise of the Party of, 277. Political Economy, rise of the science of, 540.
Polity, the Lutheran, its main features,
491; the reformed, 495. Pomponatius, 542.
Popes, origin of their temporal king- dom, 24; their infallibility asserted, 30; their character in the fifteenth century, 45; their relation to the temporal power, 504.
Præmunire, statute of, passed, 40; re- vived by Henry VIII., 320. Pragmatic Sanction, history of the, 48; repeal of the, 49.
Prague, University of, declares for the Utraquists, 179.
Prayer-Book of the Church of Eng- land, framed, 326. Predestination, Calvin's doctrine of, 200; Zwingle's view of, 200; Calvin's view compared with Augustine's, 201; with Luther's, 202; in the Lu- theran theology, 202; views of Angli- can reformers on, 335; they are not rigid in the assertion of, 338; discus- sion of, among the Protestants, 472. Presbyterianism, how far legalized in
England, 438; established in Scot- land, 446; its form in Geneva, 497; in France, 498; in Scotland, 498. Presbyterians, how treated by Charles
II., 442; their jealousy of State control, 499.
Prescott, on William of Orange, 309. Prierias, Sylvester, writes against Luther, 96.
Priesthood, idea of, connected with the ministry, 16.
Professio Fidei (Tridentine), 402. Protest at the Diet of Spires (1529), 117. Protestantism, its positive element, 9; its objective side, 9; its source in the Scriptures, 10; a practical assertion of private judgment, 10; rejects Papal and priestly authority, 13; characterized, 54; spread of (from 1532), 157; from the Peace of Augs- burg (1555), 169; why its progress was checked, 415; less acceptable in Southern Europe, 419; variations of its polity, 487; its spirit in the seven- teenth century, 543; its struggle in the seventeenth century, 421; its in- fluence on liberty, 513; its political effect on Germany, 514; in England, 514; in America, 515; effect of the suppression of it on literature in Spain, 520; in Italy, 522; its relation to the fine arts, 540; spirit of prog- ress in, 551; multiplying of sects under, 548; in Italy: circumstances
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