Blois, meeting of the States-General
at (1576), 278; (1588), 279.
Boccaccio, his relation to the revival of
learning, 671; his treatment of the
Church and religion, 388.
Bodin, 3.
Bohemia, how affected by the exe-
cution of Huss, 177; its conversion
to Christianity, 178; its sufferings
after the Smalcaldic war, 183; Prot-
estants acquire legal protection in,
184; reception of Luther's doctrine
in, 183; its revolt against Ferdinand
II., 424; gives its crown to the Elec-
tor Palatine, 424; devastated, 425.
Bologna, Protestantism in, 393.
Bolsec, imprisoned at Geneva, 214;
banished, 225.
Bonaventura, mysticism of, 65.
Boniface, the apostle of Germany, 23.
Boniface VIII., his theories and charac-
ter, 36; opposed by the spirit of na-
tionalism, 36; his conflict with Philip
the Fair, 37; his bull, clericis laicos,
37; is assaulted and dies, 38; how
viewed by Tosti, Wiseman, and
Schwab, 37.
Books, censorship of, in the Roman
Catholic Church, 526; in Protestant
countries, 528; by Laud, 528; by
the Puritans, 528.
Bradford on predestination, 336.
Brantome, on Guise and Coligni, 261;
admires Mary Queen of Scots, 357.
Breda, declaration of Charles II., from,
441.
Brederode, 297.
Bres, Guido de, 311.
Brethren in Unity, the Bohemian, rise
of, 182; their reception of Luther's
doctrine, 183.
Briçonnet, his reformatory tendencies,
244; opposes Protestantism, 245.
Briel, capture of, 304.
Brucioli, 393.
Bruno, Giordano, 523.
Bryce, his work on the "Holy Roman
Empire," 25.
Budæus, 243; Erasmus compared with,
78.
Bucer, Martin, his irenical efforts, 151;
a professor at Cambridge, 326; on
ceremonies in the English Church,
344; his letter to the Protestants of
Bologna, 393.
Bora, Catharine von, her marriage with Burckhardt, on the tone of the Italian
Borromeo, Carlo, his character, 413.
Bossuet, 525, 539; refers the Reform-
ation to a dispute of monks, 3; on
the relation of Protestantism to
abuses in the Church, 13; on the cor-
ruption of the Church, 13; his opin-
1on of Calvin's intellect, 206; his cor-
respondence with Molanus, 484; with
Leibnitz, 484.
Bothwell, Mary's attachment to him,
372; his agency in Darnley's mur-
der, 374; his abduction of the queen,
374; his supper at Edinburgh, 374;
his divorce from his wife, 375; his
marriage with Mary, 375.
Boucher, Jean, 476.
Bourbons, their union with the Hugue-
nots, 259.
Burleigh, his belief in astrology, 3.
Burns, 530.
Cesarini, Cardinal Julian, 181.
Calderon, 520.
Cajetan, his interviews with Luther at
Augsburg, 96.
Calixtus, his syncretism, 481.
Calixtus II., Pope, concludes the
Worms Concordat with Henry V.,
28.
Calmar, Union of, 170.
Calvin, his birth, 192; belongs to the
second generation of Reformers,
192; his childhood, 192; his father,
193; studies at Paris, 193; studies
law at Orleans and Bourges, 193;
his proficiency, 193; his habits of
study, 193; learns Greek, 194;
edits Seneca's treatise on "Clem-
ency," 194; for what reason, 194;
his conversion, 195; its date, 195;
his reverence for the Church, 195;
his reserve and shyness, 196; de-
voted to religious studies, 196;
writes an address for Nicholas Cop,
196: flies from Paris, 196; visits
Béarn, 196; again flies from Paris,
196; his "Psychopannychia," 197;
at Strasburg, 197; composes the "In-
stitutes," 197; first prints them in
Latin, 198; his dedication to Francis
I., 197; his personal characteristics,
198; how esteemed by Melancthon,
199; constant in his opinions, 199;
his conception of the Church, 200;
his doctrine of Predestination, 200;
his practical motive in it, 201;
his doctrine compared with Augus-
tine's, 201; with Luther's, 202; not
an extremist with regard to rites,
203; his letter to Somerset, 203; crit-
icises the Anglican Church, 203; his
letter to Cranmer, 204; contrasted
with Luther, 204; his censorious
tone, 204; his poor health, 204; his
passionate temper, 204; his homage
to law, 205; his zeal for the honor of
God, 205; his hymns, 206; his high
qualities, 206; visits the Duchess of
Ferrara, 207, 392; stops in Geneva
on his return, 207; moved by Farel
to remain. 211; his first work there,
212; refuses to administer the Sacra-
ment, 213; is banished, 213; at
Strasburg, 213; attends the Ger-
man conferences, 213; his opposition
to the Leipsic Interim, 214; his re-
gard for Luther, 214; his friendship
for Melancthon, 214; his relations
to the Zwinglian churches, 215; how
treated by Berne, 215; his marriage,
215; recalled to Geneva, 216; his
letter to Sadolet, 216; his ecclesias-
tical and civil system, 217; revives
the eldership, 218; influence of the
Mosaic code on his scheme of gov-
ernment, 219; opposed by the
Libertines and Patriots, 220; re-
joices at the Edict of St. Germain,
267; condemned the plot to assassi-
nate Guise, 269; favors the forcible
suppression of religious error, 224;
his conflicts at Geneva, 225; his
controversy with Castellio, 226; his
vituperative epithets, 226; his
concern in the trial and death of
Servetus, 230, 231; his action in this
affair, judged by Guizot, 230; his
treatment of Lælius Socinus, 232;
his triumph over the Libertines,
233; his description of his conflicts,
233; his labors and influence, 234;
his correspondence, 235; his influence
on the French Reformation, 235; his
last days, 235; his various employ-
ments, 235; his last interview with
the Senate, 235; with the Clergy,
236; his review of his career, 237;
his death, 238; his character, 238;
faults of his constitution at Geneva,
239: his letter to Margaret. Q. of
Navarre, 247; how regarded by
Huguenot martyrs, 256; inculcates
obedience to rulers, 260; disapproves
of the Amboise conspiracy, 261;
charged with Arianism, 212; on
Zwingle's view of the Eucharist, 215;
his influence in England, 337; his
difference from Augustine, 337; his
doctrine of the Lord's Supper, 148;
on the observance of Sunday, 483.
Calvinism, as a theological system,
238; how it promoted civil liberty,
239; its theory of the powers of
Church and State, 239; republican
character of its church constitution
240; its theology equalizes men by
exalting God, 240; compared with
Romanism, in its view of Church and
State, 241; sources of opposition to
it in France, 249; more attractive to
France than Lutheranism, 253; in
the Church of England, 335, 337;
how it spread in the Netherlands,
288; hostility of Lutherans to, 422;
its five points, 474.
Calvinists, prevail in the Netherlands,
311; adopt the "Confessio Belgica,"
311; do not favor religious liberty
in the Netherlands, 312; finally
petition for it (1578), 314; their
political difference with the Armin-
ians, 314; provision for them in
the Treaty of Westphalia, 432; see
"Protestants." "Reformation," and
under the different countries.
274; plots his assassination, 274; vis-
its him after he is wounded, 275; her
agency in the massacre of St. Barthol-
omew, 275; her policy after it, 277.
Catharine von Bora, her marriage with
Luther, 123.
Catharists, their principles, 55.
Catholics, evangelical, persecution of
them, 409.
Campeggio, legate of Clement VII., Catholic reaction, its vitality, how
Cappel, war of, 154.
Caracci, school of, 412, 522.
Caraffa, his hostility to doctrinal in-
novations, 396; on the spread of Prot-
estantism in Italy, 394; organizes
the Inquisition in Italy, 403; its
cruelty, 404; his Consilium to Paul
III., 405; his prohibitory Index, 405.
Carlstadt, disputes with Eck at Leip-
sic, 98; his iconoclastic movement
at Wittenberg, 113.
Cambray, Peace of, 118.
Carlyle, on the nations which re
jected the Reformation, 511.
Carnesecchi, Pietro, 393; put to death,
411.
shown, 410; how affected by the de-
feat of the Armada, 421; by the ao-
cession of Henry IV., 421; prostra-
tion of it, 456.
Catholicism, Roman, more cherished in
Southern Europe, 418.
Catholicism, Spanish, its spirit not
suited to France, 250.
Cazalla, Augustine, 408.
Cecil, minister of James I., 435.
Celibacy, its effect on the Papacy, 29.
Cervantes, 520.
Chalcedon, council of, influenced by
Leo I., 19.
Chalmers, on Church and State, 502.
Charles I., his arbitrary principles, 436;
his treatment of Papists, 436.
Carranza, Bartolomé de, persecution of, Charles II., his restoration, 441; his
Cartwright, his principles, 345.
"Casket letters," the question of their
genuineness, 376.
Cassander, 482.
Castellio, his charges against Calvin,
226; banished from Geneva, 226.
Cateau-Cambresis, Peace of, 255.
Catharine, of Aragon, her marriage with
Prince Arthur not consummated, 319.
Catharine de Medici, her childhood, 256;
her relations to her husband, 256;
her dependence on Diana of Poitiers,
257; her ambition, 257; balked by
the Guises, 257; acquires power on
the death of Francis II., 263; at the
Conference of Bayonne, 270; ains
to balance the parties against each
other, 270; her motives in making the
treaty of St. Germain, 272; plans a
marriage between Q. Elizabeth and
her son, 273; her jealousy of Coligny,
declaration from Breda, 441; violates
his pledges, 441; his character, 442;
Anglican Reaction under, 442; his al-
liance with Louis XIV., 443.
Charlemagne, crowned at Rome, 23;
Emperor of the West,23; his relations
to the Papacy, 23; effect of the break-
ing up of his Empire on the Papacy,
Charles IV., the Golden Bull of, 103.
Charles V., his struggle with Francis
I., 49; his extensive dominions, 105;
elected Emperor of Germany, 105;
reasons for the choice, 105; alarm oc-
casioned by it in Europe, 105; hostil-
ity of Francis I. to, and its grounds,
105; his character, 107; how he acted
in the affair of the Reformation, 107:
his ruling desire, 107; summons Lu-
ther to the Diet of Worms, 108; his
regret that he did not then destroy
Luther, 111; his agreement with Leo
X., 111; his action with regard to the
assembly at Spires, 116; league
formed against him, 116; chooses to
maintain the old idea of the Empire,
117; makes peace with Clement VII.,
118; disabled from crushing Protes-
tantism for ten years (from 1532),156;
his expedition to Algiers, 158; his
superficial estimate of Protestantism,
164; establishes the Interim, 164;
opposed by Paul III., 164; leaves
Ferdinand to negotiate with the Prot-
estants, 167; abdicates, 169, 289;
baffled by the moral force of Prot-
estantism, 421; his persecution in the
Netherlands, 287; its effect on the
country, 288; his cloister life, 290;
his bigotry, 290; his death, 410.
Charles IX., becomes king of Sweden,
177.
Charles VIII., of France, his invasion
of Italy, 11.
Charles IX., of France, his accession,
263; his anger at the Huguenot ris-
ing, 270; impressed by Coligny, 274;
visits him after he is wounded, 275;
his death, 277.
Chaucer, on the mendicant friars, 35.
Chesterfield, Lord, 2.
Christian II., of Denmark, favors Prot-
estantism, 171; retreats, 171; his
cruelty in Sweden, 171; deposed, 171.
Christian III., of Denmark, introduces
Protestantism, 173.
Christian IV., of Denmark, his defeat,
426.
Christianity, spirituality of, 14; its re-
lation to culture, 551.
Church, affected by judaizing ideas,
14; simple organization of the apos-
tolic, 14; it is municipal, 15; its of-
ficers at the outset, 15: rise of the
Episcopate in it, 15; Irenæus and
Tertullian on the visible, 17; influ-
ence of political models on its polity,
17; primacy of the Roman See in
the, 18; effect of the fall of Roman
Empire on the, 22; reaction of the
spiritual element in the, 53.
Church, the polity of, the principles of
the Lutheran Reformers, 488; not
realized by them, 489; Zwingle's view
of, 495; Calvin's view of, 496.
Church of England, under James I.,
433; its new theory of Episcopacy,
433; becomes Arminian, 434; zeal
for it after the restoration, 442;
theories of its relation to the State,
499; the Erastian doctrine, 500;
Hooker's view, 500; Arnold's view,
500; Warburton's view, 501; Cole-
ridge's view, 501; Gladstone's view,
502; Chalmers's view, 502; Mac-
aulay's view, 503.
Church, Roman Catholic, in the Uni-
ted States, 509; how far responsible
for persecution, 518; on the reading
of the Bible in the vernacular, 530.
Church, Scottish Protestant, its wor-
ship and constitution, 379; becomes
fully Presbyterian, 380.
Church and State, view of the Reform-
ers on their connection, 488; view
of Luther and Melancthon, 488; of
Zwingle, 495; of Calvin, 496; their
connection in England, 499; Roman
Catholic theories, 504; Bellarmine's
view, 504; doctrine of the Jesuits,
505; American theory of their rela-
tion, 508.
Civil authority, inquiries into the na-
ture of, 40.
Clarendon, Constitutions of, 39.
Clement VII., his treatment of Henry
VIII.'s petition for a divorce, 319;
cannot induce the Diet of Nurem-
berg (1524) to suppress Lutheran-
ism, 115; a prisoner of Charles V.,
117.
Clementine Homilies, on Peter as
Bishop of Rome, 18.
Clement XI, against the Jansenists,
Cloisters, confiscation of their property
in England, 321.
Coleridge, on the Papacy, 50; on
Church and State, 501;
Colet, 317; his character and services,
Coligni, refuses to join in the Am-
boise conspiracy, 261; presents the
Huguenot petition, 262; takes no
part in the assassination of Guise,
269; disapproves of the Edict of
Amboise, 270; finds safety in Ro-
chelle, 271; resumes hostilities, 271;
at Jarnac and Moncontour, 271; his
character, 259; comes to the court,
273; his lofty qualities, 273; his in-
fluence over Charles IX., 274; pro-
poses war with Spain, 274; plot to
assassinate him, 274; he is wounded,
275; visited by Charles IX. and
Catharine de Medici, 275.
Constance, Council of, 43; failure of it,
43.
Constantine, relation of Church and
State under, and under his succes-
sors, 21; his alleged donation ex-
posed by Valla, 389.
Constitution of Germany, 103; alter-
ations of it, under Maximilian, 104.
Contarini, at Ratisbon, 158.
Convocation, in the English Church,
503.
Corderius, he teaches Calvin, 193.
Council, of Pisa, 43; of Constance,
43; of Basel, 43.
Cologne, Elector of, his conversion to Councils, the Reforming, 42.
Protestantism, 424.
Colonna, Sciarra, he assaults Boniface
VIII., 38.
Colonna, Vittoria, 394.
Council of Trent, condemns Protes-
tant doctrine, 401; Paul III., trans-
fers it to Bologna, 401; its benefit to
the Catholic cause, 402.
Company, the Venerable, at Geneva, Covenanters of Scotland, 447.
Compactata, granted to the Utraquists,
182.
Comprehension, opportunities for, lost
by the Church of England, 442,
Compromise, formed by the nobles in
the Netherlands, 297; their design,
297.
Concord, Form of, 481.
Condé, Louis, Prince de, his character,
259; privy to the Amboise conspiracy,
261; under arrest at Orleans, 262;
tried for treason, 263; his lack of wis-
dom, 270; finds safety in Rochelle,
271; falls at Jarnac, 271.
Condé, Henry, Prince de, sallies forth
with Coligni from Rochelle, 271;
excommunicated by Sixtus V., 279.
Conference at Ratisbon, 157.
"Congregatio de propaganda fide,"
Congregationalism, in the French
Church, 499; in New England, 507.
Conrad of Waldhausen, 61.
Cox, Bishop of Ely, in the vestment
controversy, 343; Elizabeth's treat-
ment of, 346.
Cranmer, his advice to Henry VIII.,
on the divorce, 319; decrees the
divorce, 320; protected by Henry
VIII., 324; calls theologians from
the continent, 326; his character,
322; his view of the tenure of
church officers, 332; proposes a Prot-
estant council, 332; Calvin's letter
to, 204; his opinion on the Eucha-
rist, 340; his recantation, 328; his
faults, 328; his death, 328; effect of
it, 329.
Creeds, Erasmus's opinion of, 80.
Crell, 479.
Cromwell, Oliver, England under, 441;
his "Triers," 439.
Cromwell, Thomas, 322; execution of,
Cup, withdrawal of it from the laity,
178; doctrine of Aquinas, 178.
Cyprian, on the primacy of the Roman
See, 18; against persecution, 222.
Consistory, its functions, in Geneva, Cyril, missionary in Bohemia, 178.
218.
Consistories in the Lutheran churches, D'Ailly, his theory of the Episcopate,
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