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A CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE.

1629. Peace of Lübeck, May. Edict of Restitution, March. 1630. Wallenstein dismissed from his command.

Gustavus Adolphus.

565

Intervention of

1631. The capture of Magdeburg by Tilly, May. Battle of Leipsic; defeat of Tilly, August 28. Wallenstein restored to his command, April.

1632. Battle of Lutzen: death of Gustavus Adolphus, November 16. 1633. Alliance of France with Sweden and the Protestants: treaty of Heilbronn, April 23. Laud is made Archbishop of Canterbury. Galileo is forced to renounce the Copernican theory.

1634. Defeat of the Swedes at Nordlingen, September 6.

1635. The Peace of Prague, May 30. The Edict of Restitution is given up as to Saxony and Brandenburg.

1637. Accession of Ferdinand III. as emperor.

1638. Bernard of Weimar leads the anti-imperialist forces.

1639. Death of Bernard. Richelieu's influence predominant in the

war.

1640. The Long Parliament assembles in England. Accession of Frederic William, the Great Elector.

1642. War of King and Parliament in England.

1643. Accession of Louis XIV. Westminster Assembly meets. League and Covenant adopted by Parliament.

1644. Accession of Pope Innocent X.

1645. Battle of Naseby.

1648. Peace of Westphalia. Termination of the Thirty Years' War. 1649. Execution of Charles I.

1650. Death of Des Cartes.

1653. Cromwell is made Lord Protector. Condemnation of Jansenism by Innocent X.

1658. Death of Cromwell.

1660. Restoration of Charles II.

1661. The Savoy Conference. Restoration of Episcopacy in Scotland. Death of Mazarin. Persecution of the Huguenots. 1662. Ejection of the Presbyterian ministers under the Act of Uni

formity.

1668. Triple alliance against Louis XIV., to compel him to make

peace with Spain.

1670. Secret alliance of Charles II. and Louis XIV.

1672. William III. is elected Stadtholder.

1673. Declaration of Indulgence by James II.

1676. Accession of Innocent XI.

1678-9. Peace of Nimeguen.

1682. Assembly of the clergy of France: four Propositions of Galli

canism.

1685. Death of Charles II. Accession of James II. Revocation of

the Edict of Nantes, October 18.

1686. Revival of the Court of High Commission by James II. 1688. William III. lands at Torbay. Flight of James II.

1691. Accession of Innocent XII.

1694. Birth of Voltaire, February 20.

1697. Peace of Ryswick, September 20. Louis XIV. acknowledges William III. as King of Great Britain and Ireland.

APPENDIX II.

A LIST OF WORKS ON THE REFORMATION.1

WORKS IN GENERAL HISTORY RELATING TO THE PERIOD OF THE REFORMATION.

THUANUS (De Thou): Historiarum sui Temporis, libri 138 (15461607). First complete ed.; Orleans (Geneva), 1620 seq., 5 vols., fol. (With the appendix of Rigault, 7 vols., London, 1733, fol.) French transl. 16 vols., 4to, London (Paris), 1734.

De Thou, son of Christophe de Thou, President of the Parliament of Paris, was born in 1553, and died in 1617. He held high offices under Henry III. and Henry IV. He was a moderate Catholic, personally conversant with the men and events of his time, and an upright historian.

Relazioni degli Ambasciatori Veneti al Senato, raccolte, annotate, ed edite da Eugenio Alberi. 15 vols. 8vo. Firenze, 1839-63.

W. Robertson: History of Charles V. Ed. by W. H. Prescott, with Supplement on the Cloister Life of the Emperor. 3 vols. 8vo.

1856.

History of the European States, published by Heeren and Ukert. 64 vols. 8vo. 1829-58.

The series includes Italy, by H. Leo; Netherlands, by Van Kampen; Denmark, by Dahlmann (to 1523); Sweden, by Geijer and Carlson (to 1680); Poland, by Roepell, etc.

Heeren Handbuch d. Gesch. d. europäisch. Staatensystems u. seiner Colonien. 5th ed. Göttingen, 1830. Engl. Translation by Ban1829; also, 2 vols., Oxford, 1834.

croft, 2 vols. 8vo. Von Raumer: Gesch.

Europas seit d. Ende d. 15. Jahrh. Leipzig, 1832-50. 8 vols. 8vo.

1 This catalogue comprises, of course, only a fractional part of the historical literature pertaining to the subject. Not to speak of works of a broader scope, there are, in Germany especially, numerous local histories relating to this period. In preparing the list above, care has been taken to set down the proper editions; but it is almost imposible to attain to absolute correctness in these particulars.

Hallam: Introduction to the Lit. of Europe, in the 15th, 16th, and 17th centuries. 5th ed. 3 vols. 8vo. 1855-56.

RANKE: Fürsten u. Völker v. Südeuropa im 16. u. 17. Jahrh. Bd. I. Berlin, 1827. Die röm. Päpste, ihre Kirche u. ihr Staat im. 16. u. 17. Jahrh. 3 vols. 4th ed. Berlin, 1854-57. 8vo. Translated by Sarah Austin: History of the Popes of Rome during the 16th and 17th centuries. 4th ed. 3 vols. London, 1867. 8vo. This is one of the most correct and elegant of all English translations from the German. The work itself is of the highest value. For Ranke's other works on this period see under the different countries.

L. HÄUSSER: Geschichte d. Zeitalters d. Reformation (1517–1648). Berlin, 1868. 8vo. Valuable, especially for the political side of the history of this period.

Duruy Hist. des Temps Modernes. 1 vol. Paris, 1863. 12mo. One of a series of lucid and compact text-books, for use in the schools of France.

Bayle: Dictionnaire historique et critique (1st ed. 1697), 4 vols. Fol. Basel and Amsterdam, 1740. Engl. ed., 10 vols., fol., 1734-41.

Bayle, the son of a Huguenot clergyman, was born in 1647, and died in 1706. Under the influence of Jesuits, he became a Roman Catholic, but repented of this change, and became one of the pioneers of philosophical scepticism in Europe. Its great amount of interesting historical and biographical details, though requiring to be critically sifted, gives to his Dictionary a peculiar and permanent value. Universal Histories. (1) In England: by W. C. Taylor, Modern Hist., 1838; new ed. 1866; Ancient Hist., 1839; new ed. 1867. By A. F. Tytler, 1801, and in numerous later editions. W. Russell and others, History of Modern Europe, 4 vols. 8vo. 1856. (2) In Germany: by Schlosser, 19 vols. 1844-57; by H. Leo, 6 vols., Halle, 1849 seq.; by BECKER, 20 vols., 1869; by Dittmar, 4th ed. 1866, 6 vols.; by WEBER, Leipzig, 1857 seq., 9 vols.; 10th vol. will be on the Era of the Reformation. (3) In Italy: by Cesare Cantù, 35 vols., 8vo, 1837 seq. French transl., 19 vols., 8vo, 2d ed., 1854-55.

Smyth: Lectures on Modern History, Sparks' Am. ed., 2 vols., 1841. GUIZOT: Lectures on the History of Civilization; English transl. by Henry. 8vo. New York, 1842.

Hegel, Philosophie d. Geschichte; Werke, ix. Berlin, 1840. 8vo. General Biographical Works. A. Chalmers: Biographical Dictionary. 32 vols. 8vo. 1812-17. Biographie Universelle, 52 vols., 8vo, et supplement, volumes 53 à 85. Paris, 1811-62. Nouvelle édition,

A LIST OF WORKS ON THE REFORMATION.

569

revue, corrigée, et augmentée, 45 vols., 1842-65. L'Art de vérifier les Dates des faits historiques, etc., depuis la naissance de Jésus Christ (to 1770). 18 vols. 8vo. Paris, 1819. Biographie Générale (nouvelle) depuis les temps les plus reculés, avec les renseignements bibliograph., etc. 46 vols. 8vo. 1857-66.

WORKS IN ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, TREATING of the ReFor

MATION AS A WHOLE.

GIESELER: Lehrbuch d. Kirchengsch. Bd. iii. in 2 pts. Bonn, 1840-53. 8vo. (The 4th vol. in Prof. H. B. Smith's Engl. translation, New York, 1862).

H. B. SMITH: History of the Church of Christ in Chronological Tables. New York, 1861. Fol. This embodies a great amount of historical information within a brief compass.

Raynaldus: Annales Ecclesiastici. (1195–1565.) Colon. 1694. 9 vols. Fol. Raynaldus is the most eminent of the continuators of Baronius, and a representative of Roman orthodoxy.

Natalis Alexander: Historia eccl. V. et N. Test. (16 centuries). Paris, 1699. 8 t. Fol. Ed. Mansi, Ferrara, 1758. Bassano, 1778. Natalis is the champion of the Gallican ecclesiastical theory. HASE: Kirchengsch. (1 vol.) Eng. transl. by Blumenthal and Wing, New York, 1856, 8vo. Hase's work is remarkable for its condensation; it is founded on extensive researches, and is written with much vivacity.

Baur: Kirchengsch. Bd. iv. Die neuere Zeit. Leipz., 1863. 8vo. Baur is one of the most perspicuous, as well as learned, of the German Church historians.

Guericke Kirchengsch., Bd. 3. 9th ed. Leipzig, 1867. 8vo. Guericke treats of the Reformation from the point of view of the strict Lutherans.

Hardwick: History of the Christian Church during the Reformation. 2d ed., 1865. 8vo. Hardwick writes from the point of view of the Anglican Church. His manual is full in its references to authorities.

Merle d'Aubigné: Hist. de la Réformation du 16me Siècle: Translated from the French. (In numerous editions.)

Beausobre: Hist. de la Réformation. Berlin, 1786. 4 vols. 8vo. Mosheim Institutiones Hist. Eccl. Helmst., 1764. 4to. (Murdock's Translation.)

Schröckh: Kirchengeschichte seit d. Reformation. 10 vols. Leipzig, 1804-1812.

Kurtz Kirchengsch. English Translation, 2 vols. 8vo. Philadelphia, 1871.

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