NO. V. ADDITIONAL COMPARATIVE TABLE OF ARTICULATE FR. AND ENG. COMPOUND CONSONANTS (A GENERAL RULE IN FRENCHI: COMPOUND CONSONANTS, COMPOUND SOUNDS.)

PRONUNCIATION AS IN ENGLISH.

PRONUNCIATION AS IN ENGLISH. PRON. CORRECTED WITH ENGLISH SOUNDS.

RULE on half audible articulations. The liquid consonants 1, r, when combined in a few single and a great many double articulations, with the French e mute, form the terminations ble, re, bre, de, cre, dle, dre, fle, fre, phre, gle, gre, etc., in a most important, numerous series of words which are the same in both languages; and these endings must be very attentively corrected in all such words (with English sounds,) to make these words sound French. Example:

ble in BIBLE, etc. sounds as in blush. (not bul.)

bre in CANDELABRE, etc. as in brush. (not bur.)

cre in ACRE, etc. sounds as in crush. (not kir.)

phre in CAMPHRE, etc. as in frush. (not phur.)

in MONSTRE, etc.
(not as in stir.)

in THÉÂTRE, etc.
(not as in oyster.))

as in trush.

tre

sh silent.

Our Key is divided, like the Alphabet, into vowels and consonants: hence the two separate parts which begin above and underneath on this reverse page, respectively to end at the top and bottom of opposite first page, once unavoidably the first page of each volume; and thus (thanks to the octavo form adopted by our enterprising publishers) will these two branches run together from left to right, even to the last leaf of this work, in order to present to the experienced readerevery where on opening the book a whole practical System of COMPARATIVE PRONUNCIATION; and to the novice a perinanent, infallible help, in plain English references, for all his written or extemporaneous parsings of French sounds. The Top KEY is intended to speak both to the eye and the ear. It represents Synopses I. II. and III., that is to all simple and compound vowels, nasal sounds, and diphthongs, which give an aggregate of twenty-four natural families of French sounds, descending in five large groups from the five primitive genealogical roots of the language- a, e, i, o, u. These families' respective branches, varieties, exceptions, etc., must be studied in the charts themselves, and in STATISTICS AND RULES, Vol. II. The top Key can only contain general rules, i. e. their twenty-four standards, or futher sounds, in close array for immediate practice.

say,

Each standard is illustrated by two words, and pointed out to the student's notice by a distinctive figure. The French word gives the sound; the English word proves it to be the same sound in both languages, but generally produced by very different letters in English. The figure is a conventional sign, contrived only to attach this English sound to any French

letter or letters, marked with it in the parsed text.

The first five figures, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, taken alone, stand for a, e, i, o, u; and, when modified by our additional marks, they also characterize all the sounds in their respective groups. (See Key to the Marks, Synopsis I.) But it must be remembered that they mark twenty-four distinct families, and only give twenty-three sounds; because e mute and eu short are but one and the same shade; the specific difference is that e is sometimes half audible, sometimes entirely silent, whilst eu is always sounded in full. (See 2 and 2.)

So, we put down twenty-three vowel and diphthongal sounds,....................

And REMARK! out of this large number only three sounds are exclusively peculiar to the French idiom! viz.: eû long, and the well known letter u and its derivative nasal sound un; but also, for practice's sake, they have taken up four figures in this Key.

(See 2, 5, 6 and 3.) SOLELY French Sounds, The rest of them are Anglo-French Sounds, The BOTTOM KEY represents Synopsis IV., that is, all French and English consonants and their correlatives, compared, with this double result, that the English possess many more sounds than the French, and that, undoubtedly, all French articulations are to be found in English. This is proved beyond the possibility of doubt. We have twenty-four figures in common, within the French limits of Synopsis IV.; but as h mute is perfectly silent in both languages, we again ought to enter, here, but twenty-three articulations, Anglo-Fr. Sounds,

and one silent letter,

To this bottom Key are annexed some new additional marks, which will be used to modify both consonants and vowels, etc., in the parsed text. (See Key to Marks, Synopsis I.)

And now a few remarks on the Additional

Table of Double Consonants, etc., (No. V.)
Out of the ferty-five English and French ar-
ticulations, - also compared there,- nine, the
most important sounds, have already been
classed and marked, for better practical pur-
poses, in Synopsis IV. Therefore it only re-
mains for us to record the balance, a last
item of thirty-seven Anglo-French Sounds,......
RECAPITULATION.

All Sounds,
French Sounds...
Anglo-French Aggregate,..

CONSEQUENCE-FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES.

.Total....
.Total,...

With a good method no real difficulty possible in French Pronunciation for the Anglo-Saxon Race! Right method — an easy one just within the ready compass of the million. Two practical points, viz.:

1st, let the American or English student know that there is a French accent, "our instinctive, final, tonic French accent," — which ought to supersede HIS native English accent in every word.

2d, let him recollect that most of his native vowel and diphthongal sounds are used in French, but generally represented by very different letters, — that's all.

By these simple means, his first or last efforts will be crowned with rapid, signal success, and the so long dreaded difficulty of French Pronunciation will vanish like a shadow, in native light and native sound, before Practical Truth, which will show to him and to all what the little thing really is a mock difficulty, as we call it, -A MERE QUESTION OF ATTENTION.

6

=s as in seal, bliss: selle, rosse; and c like s: celery-céleri.

=z, and s like z: zeal, rose : zèle, rose.

7 =c and si as in se: Cнagrin, SHérif. 7G and J sounding like zí, as z in azure: se, sure, Gêne.

=

Practical Parsing of French Sounds.

172 2 403 2 200 8 0

No. 1. (Numéro un.) La générosité n'est que

la pitié des âmes nobles.-No. 2. (deux.) Si

1. La générosité n'est que la pitié des il y a huit mois d'hiver et quatre mois de âmes nobles.

. — Half audible letter: vois-...............(•) Sounded letter: jE. Compound vowels: JAI, qUI, príE, prIENT. Diphthongs and combined letters: lui, priÉ, DIEU, rICHES.

Word tie: des amis, les hommes...........~ Liquid articulations: as ILL and GN in

n

30

1

3 7 2.7 20

French Sounds.

n

1

1 î. î 1 dit Franklin, cherchez à

40 5.0 20

en emprunter.

1863. 00 1 4 3.00 2

No. 3. (trois.) Une des maximes favorites de

1 3 4 0 2 20 80 4.2.0 10620 43. 40 Marivaux était que pour être assez bon il faut 2..0 3 5 8 1 0 7 2 4 80 l'être un peu trop.-No. 4. (quatre.) J'épouse

n

2

40

283 404 20 4 2.0

60

• 5 800 62

rai qui vous voudrez, mon père, pourvu que ce

Conversational Style.

rien, n'avancent en rien, et ne sont bons à parlant de Vélasquez, ce fameux peintre rien. Voilà mon mot. (Figaro.)

10. Mithridate avait vingt-deux nations soumises à son empire, et parlait les vingtdeux langues de ces peuples.

11. Annibal Carrache disait que "les poètes peignent avec la parole, et que les peintres parlent avec le pinceau.”

12. "En fait de médecins," disait un 'homme d'esprit, "il faut toujours consulter celui qui croit le moins à la médecine."

13. Moratin disait énergiquement, en

espagnol: "Il a su peindre l'air.”

14. On reconnaît ceux qui parlent trop au petit nombre de choses et au grand nombre de paroles qu'ils disent.

15. L'on a dit qu'un sot qui a un moment d'esprit étonne et scandalise, comme des chevaux de fiacre au galop.

16. Il n'y a personne qui n'entre tout neuf dans la vie, et les sottises des pères sont perdues pour les enfants.

17. Si vous voulez être riche, ne sachez

6

7

s as in seal, bliss: selle, rosse; and c like s: celery-céleri. =z, and s like z: zeal, rose: zèle, rose. CH and SH as in sнe: CHagrin, sHérif. 7G and J sounding like zн, as z in azure: Je, Jure, ɑlne.

soit mademoiselle Hortense.-No. 5. (cinq.) A

00 1 3. 5.0 1. • 0

Londres, a dit une femme d'esprit, il y a

40 03 2. 20 8 1 0 40.0 4 20 huit mois d'hiver et quatre mois de mauvais

temps.-No. 6. (six.) Il n'y a point d'absurdi

20 8 3 200. 2 2 6 4.0 30 1. tés qui n'aient été soutenues par quelque

Conversational Style.

pas seulement comment on gagne, sachez | imprécations qu'ils peuvent faire contre un encore comment on ménage.

0=Silent letter: enn.mi............... – Half audible letter: vois-j...............(•) Sounded letter: je. Compound vowels: jAI, QUI, prîE, prIENT. ~Diphthongs and combined letters : lui, priÉ, DIEU, riches. Word tie: des amis, les hommes.............~ Liquid articulations: as ILL and GN in Liant, signor