4. From what two considerations does it follow that we cannot certainly assert that it is in our own power by our own actions to prevent the consequences of our vices following them?

5. Butler mentions two positive kinds of objection to individual parts of Christ's mediatorial office; and he considers and refutes one particular objection which looks to be of this positive kind?

6. The testimony of St. Paul is to be considered as detached from that of the rest of the Apostles, and as possessing considerable weight?

7. What are the moral uses of the difficulties connected with Christian evidences? Butler mentions some circumstances in men's situations in their temporal capacity analogous to this?

8. Give the substance of Locke's doctrine concerning the idea of power. What is the defect in this theory, and how does De Biran endeavour to supply it?

9. Give an account of Locke's doctrine concerning the extent of our knowledge? What instances does he adduce to show that our knowledge does not extend as far as our ideas? Give a summary of his views concerning the improvement of our knowledge.

10. Explain Locke's theory of Comparative Judgment; give an outline of Cousin's criticism of it; and state your views as to the validity of his refutation of Locke's theory on this point.

CLUFF MEMORIAL PRIZE EXAMINATION.

DR. INGRAM.

1. Mr. Earle's work is entitled "Two of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles Parallel, with Supplementary Extracts from the others." By what local names are the "Two" distinguished? and what are the similar names of those denoted by the letters C and D ?

2. Which of the Latin annalists, more than any other, embodied the Saxon Chronicles into his work?

3. Which of the chronicles in Earle is most, and which least, favourable to Godwine?

4. At what point of the history does C. stop? What is the curious circumstance about the last paragraph?

"Fordam he was

5. "Fordam heo hit heold ær to fæste wið hine." nehst his modor ræ'de, and heo for swá swá he hire rædde." of Eadward are these given as reasons?

For what acts

6. Mr. Freeman says-" All her (Eadgyth's) reputation for gentleness and piety has not kept her from being branded in the pages of our best chronicler as an accomplice in a base and treacherous murder." Who is the chronicler? what was the murder? and of whom was she the accomplice ?

7. At what places were the Easter and Christmas Gemót regularly held in Eadward's reign?

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8. "pa wende Beorn for pære sibbe pæt he him swican nolde." What is the story of which this sentence forms a part?

9. In the account of the consequences of the affray at Dover, we read, "Ealle gearwe to wige ongean pone cyng, buton man ageafe Eustatsius and his men heom to handsceofe and eac pa Frencyscan pe on pan castelle weron." Florence says; 66 Insuper et Nortmannos et Bononienses qui castellum in Doruverniæ clivo tenuerant." He does not seem to have understood the chronicler?

Io. It is observable that several of those who obtain ecclesiastical preferment during the ascendancy of Godwine and Harold are foreigners. From what region?

II. "Illum (Stigandum) noverant non canonice pallium suscepisse." (Flor, Wig.) What was the weakness in Stigand's canonical position?

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...

12. 'pa for Cradoc Griffines sunu to, and þæt folc mæst eall ofsloh pe par timbrode, and pæt gód genam pe par gegaderod wæs." What is the transaction to which this extract refers? Who is the Griffin here named ?

13. "Eodem anno (1046), nobilis matrona Gunnilda Anglia." (Flor. Wig.) Who was she?

expellitur de

14. What was the connection between Eadward the Confessor and the Emperor? What Emperor?

15. Who was the Lady Godiva of legend?

16. Who was the wife of Godwine?

How was she connected with Cnut?
Who had been her first husband?

17. Who was the wife of Harold? Have you formed any opinion as to the date of her marriage with Harold; and, if so, on what grounds?

18. Who was "Timidus dux Radulfus" (Flor. Wig.)? Who was his mother's second husband?

19. What do the chroniclers tell us respecting the death of God wine? What important fact, omitted by the others, is mentioned by C.? What is William of Malmesbury's story?

20. What alleged event in the life of Harold, which makes a great figure in the Norman books, does not appear in any contemporary English writer? 21. What curious discrepancy is there between Florence of Worcester and the Bayeux Tapestry respecting the coronation of Harold?

22.

"Haroldus Harvagra rex Norreganorum, frater sancti regis Olavi" (Flor. Wig. 1066). What have you to remark on this?

What strange

23. Name the sons of Godwine in the order of their age. remark has William of Malmesbury respecting the age of Gyrth in 1066?

24. Sir F. Palgrave, in his account of the Battle of Senlac, represents Harold, struck by the arrow, as dropping from his steed in agony? What have you to remark on this?

25. What are the following places: Rofecastre, Legecastre, Penwithsteort, Brycge? What is "Ethelbyhrtes mynster?" What is "Monasterium quod dicitur Burh"? Who are the Magesætas?

26. What were the seats of the "Præsul East-Angliæ," "Suth-Saxoniæ Præsul," ," "Wiltoniæ Provinciæ Præsul?" Explain "Hwicciorum præsulatus," and "Cridiatunensis præsulatus."

PROFESSOR BARLOW.

1. Ordericus Vitalis asserts that Guy, Bishop of Amiens, wrote an epic poem describing the battle of Senlac; what reasons are there for supposing that this work is still extant?

2. What statements are to be found in the tract "De Inventione Sacræ Crucis" with respect to the following points :

(a). The officiating prelate at the coronation of Harold.

(b). The cause of the Norman invasion.

(c). The numerical proportion of the two armies at Hastings?

3. The writer of this tract makes a strange mistake about the battle of Stamford-bridge? Where, according to him, was Harold when he received the news of the arrival of the Normans?

4. Explain the following passage:—

"Heu cadis hoste fero rex a duce rege futuro.
Par paris in gladio milite cum valido;
Firmini justi lux est tibi luce Calixti

Pronior, hinc superas, hinc superatus eras."

5. What description does the writer of the "Vita Æduuardi Regis qui apud Westmonasterium requiescit" give of Edward's personal appearance and character?

6. What inference may be deduced from this work with respect to the truth of the common report concerning the terms on which Edward lived with his wife?

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7. Explain the following passage, which occurs in Edward's death-bed prophecy of the evils which should come upon England after his death :Et quid,' inquam, erit, vel quando tantæ comminationis remissio sperari poterit ?' Tunc,' inquiunt, si arbor viridis a medio sui succidatur corpore, et pars abscissa trium jugerum spatio a suo deportetur stipite, cum per se et absque humana manu vel quovis amminiculo, suo connectetur trunco, coeperitque denuo virescere et fructificare ex coalescentis sui amore pristino, tunc primum tantorum malorum sperari poterit remissio.'

8. With respect to the burial of Harold, what accounts do we find in William of Poitiers, in the "De Inventione," and in the "Carmen de Hastingæ Prælio"? What is the reference in these lines

"Extemplo quidam partim Normannus et Anglus
Compater Heraldi jussa libenter agit"?

9. What inference as to the date of the Bayeux Tapestry may be deduced from the representations of the horses in it?

10. Write an account of the Northumbrian insurrection against Tostin, using as your authority the "Vita Eduuardi."

11. What account does William of Poitiers give of Harold's shipwreck on the coast of Ponthieu, and his subsequent reception by William? 12. Guy of Amiens gives a strange history of the negociations between William and Harold which preceded the battle of Senlac?

BIBLICAL GREEK PRIZE EXAMINATION.

PROFESSOR SIDNEY SMITH.

Malachi (LXX.).

1. On what grounds did Jerome hold Malachi and Ezra to be identical?

2. Kimchi gives reasons against this supposition?

3. Cyril denounces as a fable a current story about Malachi which seems to have originated in certain words of the LXX. ?

4. What are the passages in Nehemiah and Malachi the comparison of which has led to the conclusion that they were cotemporaries?

5. State Vitringa's reasons for fixing the date, derived from the circumstances mentioned by Nehemiah.

6. What is Malachi called by the Rabbinical writers, showing that he was the last of the prophets?

7. What does the name "Malachi" mean? State different Jewish opinions about him.

8. Λήμμα λόγου Κυρίου. Explain λήμμα.

9. καὶ ἔταξα τὰ ὅρια αὐτοῦ εἰς ἀφανισμὸν.

When was this done, and what prophecy was fulfilled thereby?

10. "The dragons of the wilderness." How in LXX. ?

11. If the LXX. had rendered it dóμara, there would be an easy explanation ?

12. ἄρτους ἡλισγημένους. What offering is meant ?

13. προσάγαγε αὐτὸ τῷ ἡγουμένῳ σου.

Who is meant? and what is the Persian synonym (also occurring in Haggai), and the probable meaning of it?

14. Some have inferred the date of Malachi from this?

15. Διότι καὶ ἐν ὑμῖν συγκλεισθήσονται θύραι καὶ οὐκ ἀνάψεται τὸ θυσιαστήριόν μου δωρεάν.

Explain the nature of the accusation.

16. Keil gives a rendering different from both Greek and English?

17.

"Behold what weariness is it? and ye have snuffed at it." How is this in the Greek, and what is its meaning?

18. Διότι ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν ἡλιου καὶ ἕως δυσμῶν τὸ ὄνομά μου δεδόξασται ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσι, καὶ ἐν παντὶ τόπῳ θυμιάμα προσάγεται τῷ ὀνόματί μου καὶ θυσία καθαρά διότι μέγα τὸ ὄνομά μου ἐν τοῖς ἔθνεσι.

There is a difference between the tenses of the verbs in the Greek and in the E. V.; state the difference, and show that either rendering is consistent with the Hebrew.

19. What are the reasons (according to Keil) against interpreting the passage according to the LXX., Theodoret, &c.?

20. How does Keil render the passage, and what meaning does he give to "Minchâh” ?

21. He objects on several grounds to the Tridentine application of the text?

22. Give briefly the nature of the answer usually made by Protestant controversialists to this doctrine of Rome.

23. "Cursed be the deceiver which hath in his flock a male, and voweth and sacrificeth unto the Lord a corrupt thing."

"Deceiver"-how in LXX. ?

24. State the Levitical law on vow offerings and free-will offerings to which this passage refers.

25. ἰδοὺ ἐγὼ ἀφορίζω ὑμῖν τὸν ὦμον.

How is the Greek here to be explained?

26. How does it differ from the Hebrew, and why?

27. What was the "heave offering," and how is it expressed in the Greek of the Pentateuch?

28. Evvorpov. Give the primitive sense and derivation of the word. 29. σTεÉσ0αι. What does the word mean (according to Hesychius), and how is this meaning accounted for?

30. ἡ διαθήκη μου ἦν μετ' αὐτοῦ τῆς ζωῆς καὶ τῆς εἰρήνης, κ. τ. λ. Enumerate the particulars in this passage on which the view has been founded that it applies only to our Lord Jesus Christ.

31. What is there in the history and language used concerning Phinehas that have led some to apply it to him?

32. "The Lord will cut off the man that doeth this, the master and the scholar out of the tabernacles of Jacob."

"The master and the scholar." How exactly in the Hebrew, and how rendered in LXX. ?

33. καὶ οὐ καλὸν ἐποίησε; καὶ ὑπόλειμμα πνεύματος αὐτοῦ· και εἴπατε, τί ἄλλο ἢ σπέρμα ζητεῖ ὁ Θεός ;

How is où kaλòv πoinσɛ in the E. V.? and what other variations exist in the Greek from the E. V. here?

34. Give in a paraphrase the argument to be found here (according to many interpreters) with respect to the divine law of marriage.

35. What is meant by vπóλεμμа TVεúμатоs? Give the application of these words.

36. How is the argument stated by Hengstenberg and Maurer? 37. What is the interpretation of Fairbairn, and of Calvin ?

38. ἀλλὰ ἐὰν μισήσας ἐξαποστείλῃς λέγει Κύριος ὁ Θεὸς τοῦ Ἰσραὴλ καὶ καλύψει ἀσέβεια ἐπὶ τὰ ἐπιθυμήματά σου λέγει Κύριος παντοκράτωρ καὶ φυλάξασθε ἐν τῷ πνεύματι ὑμῶν καὶ οὐ μὴ ἐγκαταλίπητε. Translate this, and give the E. V. of the passage.