soil obtains, covering rock which for 2 or 3 feet is of a shivery, open character. Put all dimensions on the drawing; all the right lines must be ruled, and, though not required to scale, must have some truth of representation. 8. Describe the process of constructing the reservoir embankment of which you have given the section in No. 7; and state what must be done should a spring of water make its appearance in the puddle trench at that place. Give a specification of all the work of forming this embankment. 9. Describe the method of forming an embankment for a road or railway, contrasting it with that of the last question; and give also a specification of this. What was the practice in forming canal embankments? and state the necessity of great caution in such works. 10. A longitudinal section on the centre line of a new road shows a depth of 2 feet excavation; the ground has at that place a transverse slope of 1 in 6, and the width of formation is 40 feet; slopes 2 to 1. Compute the distance from the centre line at which the edge of the slopes intersects the ground; and draw a careful figured sketch of the transverse section at this place in explanation of the answer. 11. Show whether, or not, the formula given below coincides with that given in the Text-book: in which represents cubic feet per minute, d the diameter in inches, and h the length and fall in feet. 12. In the generally adopted form of oval sewer, in which the radius of the upper semicircle is made equal to the diameter of that which forms the invert, the circles touching externally in the vertical, and the centre of the side arcs lie upon the produced horizontal diameter of the arch; it is required to express the radius of the side arcs in terms of the other two radii, and to prove fully the value you give; also compute the angle 0, and the angle of the arc of the invert. 13. In the same oval sewer, compute the hydraulic mean in depth when the water is flowing up to the level of the centre of the upper semicircle. First-its general value, and also its value when the diameter of the semicircle is 3 feet. With a rate of fall equal to 1 foot in 800 feet, give the discharge of such a culvert. 14. A span of 480 feet has to be crossed by a suspension bridge to carry a road of width sufficient for a double carriage-way and two foot-paths; state the general dimensions you would give, and the section of iron in the main chains, the connexion of the bar links with each other, and of the platform with the main chain. From the locality on each side of the piers, it is necessary that the back chains reach the ground on each side (which is level) at 190 feet from the centre of the towers. In the answer you are to assign every dimension, not given above, which would be required in the design. 15. Describe, with all details, Telford's method of constructing the coffer dam on rock for the construction of the western entrance of the Caledonian Canal; and also the nature of the ground and the mode of proceeding at the eastern entrance of the same work. 16. Give a short history of the application of cylinders of cast iron in lieu of piers of masonry resting on artificial foundations, and laid dry by temporary works of coffer dams, &c.; entering fully into the present practice; and describe also the mode of founding the piers of the new bridge over the Thames at Blackfriars in London, as given you at lec tures. 17. A dam for an abutment is proposed to be constructed of a single line of whole timber piles in 15 feet of water, good ground being supposed underneath. Give a fully figured transverse section, and about 10 to 15 feet of plan and elevation, with explanation in words. Compute also the total pressure in tons per foot run against the front of the dam, and the moment in foot-tons tending to break each pile at the ground line. If a bar of the same timber as the piles, 1 inch square, and I foot long, is broken by 400 lbs. applied at the centre, to what degree does the strength of each pile at the ground line exceed or fall short of the moment above mentioned? 18. Being given, Q the discharge of a rectangular channel, v the velocity, and f the fall per mile, write out the general values of the area, the wetted border, and the hydraulic mean depth. Compute the breadth, depth, and hydraulic mean depth of a rectangular channel, Q = 501 cubic feet per second, v = 3 feet per second, and f3 feet per mile. State the limitations which obtain amongst these three quantities to render an answer possible. 19. A town is supplied with water by two cast iron pipes, one of 6 and the other of inches diameter, having a fall of 25 feet per mile. It is proposed to substitute for both of these a single main, conveying 25 per cent. more water, with the same inclination; compute its diameter. What population would you consider well supplied by this quantity? [These two following questions, 20 and 21, have been set to test your observation and interest in subjects of Civil Engineering; the works had not been commenced until after your attendance at lectures was completed.] 20. What is the gauge adopted in the street tramways, and why? Give a transverse section of the rail now being laid down in this city, and, at a smaller scale, the detail of one line in section; and so much of a plan as may be necessary to give the details of laying and fastening; and explain how it is that the carriage and wheels, in so many respects similar to those on railways, can traverse curves of such small radii. 21. Give an account of the mode of sewerage of this city sanctioned in the last Session of Parliament; describing the direction of the main line, and the general features of the plan. 22. Give a description, with sketches, of the details of the Bow-string girder described to you at lectures; pointing out the connexion between the theory of that form of girder and the construction you describe. 23. Give an explanatory sketch and description of the transverse section of the Charing-cross lattice girder bridge. equi 24. In an experimental model of a lattice girder, consisting of lateral triangles 14 inches in the side, point out by a different character of line the nature of the resistance in each bar, when a weight of 80 lbs. is placed on the vertex No. 3, counting from either abutment; and also compute the actual amount in lbs. of these forces. 25. A span of 90 feet has to be crossed by a double line of railway; from the nature of the locality no difficulties as to headway arise; and wrought iron is to be the material employed. Describe the different arrangements of girders at your option, and that which you would adopt; and state the reasons which influence you in the choice. Give a cross section at the centre of the span, figuring all details; and show the construction at the abutments; and figure fully the general dimensions of the girders. 26. Give a condensed history of the discovery of Roman and Portland cements, with their present applications; and of the latter state the compressive and tensile resistances, &c., &c., with a specification. 27. Draw a funicular polygon of 5 bars or strings, with unequal lines, and unequal weights attached; point out all its mechanical properties, both when suspended and erect; and deduce from these the laws of the forces acting in an arch of masonry and in a suspension bridge. 28. Being given the lengths of the parts of the tangents ti and t2, the length L of the transverse line, and the radius R of the curve; determine the points in which the curve cuts the transverse line by computing the values of each of the parts in terms of these letters. 29. Explain the uses of ballasting and boxing on railways, and give a specification. State all the different materials used as ballast in different localities. In a cutting through solid rock show, by a transverse section, the whole of the permanent way from side to side. DR. APJOHN. CHEMISTRY. 1. How is chlorine produced, and what are the products obtained when it is conducted into an excess of water of ammonia ? 2. Write the formulæ of the nitrous and nitric oxides, and explain the processes by which these compounds are prepared. 3. Write a list of the oxides of sulphur which are the anhydrides of acids, specifying those which have been insulated, and those which have not; and at the same time give the formula of the acids which correspond to each anhydride. State also the processes by which the sulphurous and sulphuric anhydrides admit of being produced. 4. Explain the reactions which take place in the production from the respective metals of nitrate of silver, nitrate of lead, and ferric nitrate. 5. What is the compound formed when water of ammonia is saturated with sulphide of hydrogen; and how does it act when added to solutions of the following salts, viz., alum, sulphate of silver, and chloride of copper. 6. What is Nessler's test, and how has it been applied by Wanklyn and Chapman in estimating the azotized organic matters of waters ? 7. An imperial gallon of a hard water on boiling gave a precipitate which consisted of 7.85 grains carbonate of calcium, and 2.15 carbonate of magnesium. The filtrate contained no magnesia, but gave with oxalate of ammonium a precipitate which, after exposure to a red heat, weighed 4.32 grains. What were the degrees of hardness of this water both before and after boiling? 8. Give the action of hot oil of vitriol on oxalic and on formic acids? 9. A well-known silicate was found by Deville to consist of How was the analysis made, and what is the formula, and what the name of the mineral? 10. A metallic ore analysed by Wohler was found to have the following composition Give the steps of the analysis, the formula, and the name of the mineral. MINERALOGY AND CRYSTALLOGRAPHY. 1. Dana divides the silicates into the unisilicates, the bisilicates, and the subsilicates. What is meant by these terms? State also to which of these groups Augite, to which Felspar, and to which Kyanite belongs. 2. If the empirical formula of a silicate not containing an Alkali be, when the old atomic weights are used, aRO + bR203+cSiO3, what will it become in terms of the new atomic weights? 3. There are two native silicates of zinc. How are they distinguished from each other? 4. Enumerate the ores of copper in which glance copper occurs as a proximate constituent; and at the same time give the composition and crystalline system of each. 5. There are two ores of iron very similar in appearance and composition, which are readily distinguished by the streak; and the same is true of two native oxides of manganese. What are the minerals in question, and what the composition and crystalline system of each? 6. What is clay-iron stone, and how would you determine volumetrically the percentage of iron it includes? Give a sketch, also, and a brief explanation, of the successive operations by which pig-iron is obtained, and of the Bessemer process for converting the latter into bar iron. 7. What are the names of the hemihedral forms of the hexangular system, how are these forms produced, and what is the notation of each as given by Rose? 8. In five of the crystalline systems an octahedron occurs as a simple form. Give Rose's notations for these octahedrons, and name a mineral illustrative of each. 9. Write out Mohs's scale of hardness, and Von Kobel's scale of fusibility. 10. Here are ten important minerals. You are required to assign the name of each, to mention the system in which each occurs, and to write the formula by which the composition of each is represented. SENIOR DIVINITY CLASS. TERM EXAMINATION. PROFESSOR SIDNEY SMITH. S. James; S. Peter. 1. Correct the following renderings in the E. V. :— (a). "Add to your faith virtue." (b). "Hasting unto the coming of the day of God." (c). “We have a more sure word of prophecy.” (d). "The effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man av.ileth much." 2. Translate and interpret the following: 3. - (α). ἐστηριγμένους ἐν τῇ παρούσῃ ἀληθείᾳ. (c). ἡδονὴν ἡγούμενοι τὴν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ τρυφήν. (α). ἐθρέψατε τὰς καρδίας ὑμῶν ἐν ἡμέρᾳ σφαγῆς. Give the Greek for the following: (a). "No variableness neither shadow of turning." (c). "The course of nature." |