(°) high.
(0°) high and loud.
(。) low.

(。。) low and loud.

(=) quick.

(") short and quick. (sl.) slow.

NOTATION IN MODULATION.

(p.) soft.

(pp.) very soft.
(f.) loud.
(f.) very loud.

(pl.) plaintive.

(<) increase.
(>) decrease.

(2)

(f.)

(p.) Soft is the strain when zephyr gently blows,

And the smooth stream in smoother numbers flows; (f.) But when loud surges lash the sounding shore,

The hoarse rough verse should like the torrent roar.

(pl.)

(sl.) When Ajax strives some rock's vast weight to throw,
The line, too, labors, and the words move slow;
(-) Not so, when swift Camilla scours the plain,

(sl.)

(0)

(pl.)

(>)

(p.)

(pl.)

EXAMPLES FOR EXERCISE IN MODULATION.

Flies o'er the unbending corn, and skims along the main. POPE

Go ring the bells and fire the guns,
And fling the starry banner out;
Shout"FREEDOM" till your lisping ones
Give back the cradle shout.

"And now, farewell! 'Tis hard to give thee up,
With death so like a gentle slumber on thee!—
And thy dark sin!-oh! I could drink the cup,

If from this woe its bitterness had won thee.
May God have called thee, like a wanderer, home,
My lost boy, Absalom!"

The sun hath set in folded clouds,—
Its twilight rays are gone,

And, gathered in the shades of night,
The storm is rolling on.

Alas! how ill that bursting storm
The fainting spirit braves,

When they,the lovely and the lost,-
Are gone to early graves!

WHITTIER.

WILLIS.

(°)
(<)

('')

From every battle-field of the revolution-from Lexington and Bunker Hill-from Saratoga and Yorktown-from the fields of Eutaw—from the cane-brakes that sheltered the men of Marion-the repeated, longprolonged echoes came up-(f.) "THE UNION: IT MUST BE PRESERVED.” From every valley in our land-from every cabin on the pleasant mountain sides-from the ships at our wharves-from the tents of the hunter in our westernmost. prairies-from the living minds of the living millions of American freemen-from the thickly coming glories of futurity—the shout went up, like the sound of many waters, (f.) “THE UNION: IT MUST BE PRESERVED."

BANCROFT.

(°)

(=)

(p.)

Hark!

(sl.) Along the vales and mountains of the earth
There is a deep, portentous murmuring,
Like the swift rush of subterranean streams,
Or like the mingled sounds of earth and air,
When the fierce tempest, with sonorous wing,
Heaves his deep folds upon the rushing winds,
And hurries onward, with his night of clouds,
Against the eternal mountains. "Tis the voice
Of infant FREEDOM,-and her stirring call
Is heard and answered in a thousand tones
From every hill-top of her western home;
And lo! it breaks across old Ocean's flood,-

(<)

(0°)

(>)

(p.)

On! onward still! o'er the land he sweeps,
With wreck, and ruin, and rush, and roar,
Nor stops to look back
On his dreary track,

But speeds to the spoils before.

(pp.)

(0,0%)

(f.)

MISS J. H. LEWIS.

And "FREEDOM! FREEDOM!" is the answering shout

Of nations, starting from the spell of years. G. D. PRENTICE.

The thunders hushed,

The trembling lightning fled away in fear,- ·
The foam-capt surges sunk to quiet rest,—
The raging winds grew still,—

There was a calm.

"Quick!

Man the boat!"

The stranger ship to aid,

Away they spring

And loud their hailing voices ring,
As rapid speed they made.

Hush! lightly tread! still tranquilly she sleeps;
I've watched, suspending e'en my breath, in fear
To break the heavenly spell. (pp.) Move silently.

Can it be?
Matter immortal? and shall spirit die?
Above the nobler, shall less nobler rise?
Shall man alone, for whom all else revives,
No resurrection know? (°. Shall man alone,
Imperial man! be sown in barren ground,
Less privileged than grain, on which he feeds?

Away! away to the mountain's brow,

Where the trees are gently waving;
Away! away to the vale below,

Where the streams are gently laving.

An hour passed on ;-the Turk awoke ;—
That bright dream was his last ;-

He woke to hear his sentry's shriek,

"TO ARMS! they come! (ff.) THE GREEK! THE GREEK!"

He woke to die, midst flame and smoke,
And shout, and groan, and saber-stroke,

And death-shots falling thick and fast
As lightnings from the mountain cloud;
And heard, with voice as trumpet loud,

Bozzaris cheer his band;

"Strike-till the last armed foe expires!
Strike-for your altars and your fires!
Strike-for the green graves of your sires!
God, and your native land!"

YOUNG.

He said, and on the rampart hights arrayed
His trusty warriors, few, but undismayed;
Firm-paced and slow, a horrid front they form,
Still as the breeze, (。。) but dreadful as the storm!
Low, murmuring sounds along their banners fly,
REVENGE, or DEATH!—the watchword and reply;
Then pealed the notes, omnipotent to charm,
And the loud tocsin tolled their last alarm!

HALLECK.

CAMPBELL.

Sometimes his

(*) His speech was at first low-toned and slow.
voice would deepen, (oo) like the sound of distant thunder; and anon,
(") his flashes of wit and enthusiasm would light up the anxious faces
of his hearers, like the far-off lightning of a coming storm.

(>)

(p.)

(pp.)

(=)

(<)

(f.)

(pl.)

(co)

(=)

(f.)

(pl.)

Receding now, the dying numbers ring
Fainter and fainter, down the rugged dell:
And now 'tis silent all-enchantress, fare thee well.

Oh, joy to the world! the hour is come,
When the nations to freedom awake,
When the royalists stand agape and dumb,
And monarchs with terror shake!
Over the walls of majesty,

"Upharsin" is writ in words of fire,

And the eyes of the bondmen, wherever they be,
Are lit with their wild desire.

Soon, soon shall the thrones that blot the world,
Like the Orleans, into the dust be hurl'd,
And the world roll on, like a hurricane's breath,
Till the farthest nation hears what it saith,—
"ARISE! ARISE! BE FREE!"

() SPEAK OUT, my friends; would you exchange it for the DEMON'S DRINK, (f) ALCOHOL? A shout, like the roar of a tempest, answered, (0°) NO!

T. B. READ

MRS. SOUTHEY.

The combat deepens! (f.) ON! YE BRAVE!
Who rush to GLORY, (p.) or the GRAVE!
WAVE, Munich, all thy banners WAVE!

And CHARGE with all thy CHIVALRY!
Ah! few shall part where many meet!
The snow shall be their winding sheet,
And every
turf beneath their feet

Shall be a soldier's sepulcher!

(%)

(sl.) At length, o'er Columbus slow consciousness breaks,

(0°) "LAND! LAND!" cry the sailors; (ff.) "LAND! LAND!"—he awakes,

('') He runs,—yes! behold it! it blesseth his sight!

THE LAND! O, dear spectacle! transport! delight!

CAMPBELL.

1.

SECTION V.

THE RHETORICAL PAUSE.

RHETORICAL PAUSES are those which are frequently required by the voice in reading and speaking, although the construction of the passage admits of no grammatical pause.

2.

These pauses are as manifest to the ear, as those which are made by the comma, semicolon, or other grammatical pauses, though not commonly denoted in like manner by any visible sign. In the following examples they are denoted thus, (II).

EXAMPLES.

In slumbers of midnight || the sailor-boy lay,

His hammock swung loose || at the sport of the wind;
But watch-worn and weary,|| his cares flew away,

And visions of happiness || danced o'er his mind.

There is a land,|| of every land the pride,
Beloved of heaven || o'er all the world beside;
Where brighter suns || dispense serener light,
And milder moons || imparadise the night.
O, thou shalt find,|| howe'er thy footsteps roam,
That land thy country,|| and that spot thy home!

EXAMPLES.

This pause is generally made before or after the utterance of some important word or clause, on which it is especially desired to fix the attention. In such cases it is usually denoted by the use of the dash

1. God said "Let there be light!"

2.

All dead and silent was the earth,
In deepest night it lay;

The Eternal spoke creation's word,
And called to being-Day!

DIMOND.