madame; il en a soin. 7. A-t-il bien soin de son vieux père? 8. Oui, monsieur; il a bien soin de lui. 9. Votre garçon a-t-il honte de sa conduite? 10. Oui, monsieur; il en a honte. 11. Avez-vous peur de ce cheval-ci ou de celui-là? 12. Je n'ai peur ni de celui-ci ni de celui-là. 13. Notre domestique a-t-il soin de vos effets? 14. Il en a bien soin. 15. Avez-vous peur de parler ou de lire? 16. Je n'ai peur ni de parler ni de lire. 17. Êtes-vous étonné de cette affaire ? 18. Je n'en suis pas étonné. 19. En êtes-vous fâché? 20. Oui, monsieur; j'en suis bien fâché. 21. Avez-vous besoin de ce garçon? 22. Oui, madame; j'ai besoin de lui. 23. N'avez-vous pas besoin de son livre? 24. Je n'en ai pas besoin. 25. Avez-vous envie de travailler ou de lire? 26. Je n'ai envie ni de travailler ni de lire, j'ai envie de me reposer car je suis fatigué. EXERCISE 42. 1. Do you want your servant? 2. Yes, sir; I want him. 3. Does your brother-in-law want you? 4. He wants me and my brother.' 5. Does he not want money? 6. He does not want money, he has enough. 7. Is your brother sorry for his conduct? 8. He is very sorry for his conduct, and very angry with you. 9. Does he take good (bien) care of his books? 10. He takes good care of them. 11. How many volumes has he? 12. He has more than you, he has more than twenty. 13. What does the young man want? 14. He wants his clothes. 15. Do you want to rest (vous reposer)? 16. Is not your brother astonished at this? 17. He is astonished at it. 18. Have you a wish to read your brother's books? 19. I have a wish to read them, but I have no time. 20. Have you time to work? 21. I have time to work, but I have no time to read. 22. Does the young brother take care of his things? 23. He takes good care of them. 24. Is that little boy afraid of the dog? 25. He is not afraid of the dog, he is afraid of the horse. 26. Do you want bread? 27. I do not want any. 28. Are you pleased with your brother's conduct? 29. I am pleased with it. 30. Has your brother a wish to read my book? 31. He has no desire to read your book, he is weary. 32. Is that young man angry with you, or with his friends? 33. He is neither angry with me nor with his friends. 34. Do you want my dictionary? 35. I want your dictionary and your brother's. 1 Repeat the preposition de. LEÇON XXIII. LESSON XXIII. THE PRESENT AND PAST PARTICIPLES. THE PRESENT OF THE INDICATIVE. 1. If the ending or distinguishing characteristic of the conjugation of a verb, in the present of the infinitive, be removed, the part remaining will be the stem of the verb :— 1st Conj. 2d Conj. 3d Conj. Rec-evoir 4th Conj. Rend-re. 2. To that stem are added, in the different simple tenses of a regular verb, the terminations proper to the conjugation to which it belongs. [$ 60.] 6. The present of the indicative has but one form in French, therefore Je chante, may be rendered in English by, I sing, I do sing, or I am singing. 7. The plural of the present of the indicative may be formed from the participle present by changing ant into ons, ez, ent. Ex: Chantant, nous chantons; finissant, nous finissons; recevant, nous recevons; rendant, nous rendons. 1 See § 52, (1). 8. This rule holds good not only in all the regular, but in almost all the irregular verbs. 9. Verbs may be conjugated interrogatively in French (except in the first person singular of the present of the indicative,) [§ 98, (4.) (5.), L. 25, R. 1.] by placing the pronoun after the verb, in all the simple tenses, and between the auxiliary and the participle, in the compound tenses. 10. The verb porter means to carry. It means also to wear, in speaking of garments; apporter means to bring, and emporter, to carry away. Aimer means to love, to like, to be fond of, and takes the preposition à before another verb. Quel habit portez-vous ? Il apporte de l'argent à son ami. What coat do you wear? He brings money to his friend. 11. A noun used in a general sense [§ 77 (1.)] takes the article le, la, l, or les. Aimez-vous le boeuf ou le mouton? Do you like beef or mutton? EXERCISE 43. We shall hereafter put a hyphen between the stem and the termination of the verbs placed in the vocabularies. The number indicates the conjugation. Aim-er, 1. to love, to like, Donn-er, 1. to give; to be fond of; Autre, other; Assez, enough; Chapeau, m. hat; Chér-ir, 2. to cherish; De bonne heure, early; Fin-ir, 2. to finish; Marchand, m. merchant; Non seulement, not only; wear; Toujours, always; Matin, m. morning; Travail, m. labor; 1. Votre mère aime-t-elle la lecture? [R. 11.] 2. Oui, mademoiselle; elle l'aime beaucoup plus que sa sœur. 3. Quel chapeau votre neveu porte-t-il? 4. Il porte un chapeau de soie, et je porte un chapeau de paille. 5. Cette dame aime-t-elle ses enfants? 6. Oui, monsieur; elle les chérit. 7. Fournissez-vous des marchandises à ces marchands? 8. Je fournis des marchandises à ces marchands, et ils me donnent de l'argent. 9. Vos compagnons aiment-ils les beaux habits? [R. 11.] 10. Nos compagnous aiment les beaux habits et les bons livres. 11. Cherchez-vous mon frère ? 12. Oui, monsieur; je le cherche, mais je ne le trouve pas. 13. Votre frère perd il son temps. 14. Il perd son temps et son argent. 15. Perdons-nous toujours notre temps? 16. Nous le perdons très souvent. 17. Devez-vous beaucoup d'argent? 18. J'en dois assez, mais je n'en dois pas beaucoup. 19. Vendez-vous vos deux maisons à notre médecin? 20. Je n'en vends qu'une, je garde l'autre pour ma belle-sœur. 21. Recevez-vous de l'argent aujourd'hui? 22. Nous n'en recevons guère. 23. Votre menuisier finit-il son travail de bonne heure? 24. Il le finit tard. 25. A quelle heure le finit-il? 26. Il le finit à midi et demi. 27. Nous finissons le nôtre à dix heures moins vingt minutes. EXERCISE 44. 1. Does your companion like reading? 2. My companion does not like reading. 3. Does your father like good books? [R. 11.] 4. He likes good books and good clothes.' 5. Do you owe more than twenty dollars? 6. I only owe ten, but my brother owes more than fifteen. 7. Are you wrong to finish your work early? 8. I am Repeat the article. right to finish mine early, and you are wrong not to (de ne pas) finish yours. 9. Do you receive much money to-day? 10. I receive but little. 11. Do we give our best books to that little child? 12. We do not give them, we keep them because we want them. 13. Do you sell your two horses? 14. We do not sell our two horses, we keep one of them. 15. Do you finish your work this morning? 16. Yes, sir; I finish it this morning early. 17. Does your brotherin-law like fine clothes? 18. Yes, madam; he likes fine clothes. 19. Do you seek my nephew? 20. Yes, sir; we seek him. 21. Does he lose his time? 22. He loses not only his time, but he loses money. 23. How much money has he lost to-day? 24. He has lost more than ten dollars. 25. Does your joiner finish your house? 26. He finishes my house and my brother's. 27. Do you sell good hats? 28. We sell silk hats, and silk hats are good. [R. 11.] 29. How old is your companion? 30. He is twelve years old, and his sister is fifteen. 31. Does your brother like meat? 32. He likes meat and bread. 33. Do you receive your goods at two o'clock? 34. We receive them at half after twelve. 35. We receive them ten minutes before one. LEÇON XXIV. LESSON XXIV. IRREGULAR VERBS.-CHEZ, ETC. 1. There are in French, as in other languages, verbs which are called irregular, because they are not conjugated according to the rule, or model verb of the conjugation to which they belong. [§ 62.] 2. Many irregular verbs have tenses which are conjugated regularly. 3. The singular of the present of the indicative of the irregular verbs, is almost always irregular. 4. In verbs ending in yer, the y is changed into i before an e mute.' [§ 49.] 5. PRESENT OF THE INDICATIVE OF THE IRREGULAR Verds, ' Many French authors do not make that change, but write j'envoye, etc. |