LOUISE IMOGEN GUINEY. GUINEY, LOUISE IMOGEN, an American poet and essayist; born in Boston, January 7, 1861. She was educated at the Convent of the Sacred Heart. Among her volumes of verse may be mentioned: "Verse;" "Songs at the Start" (1884); "A Roadside Harp" (1893); "The White Sail" (1887); etc. She has also published: "GooseQuill Papers" (1885); "Brownies and Bogles " (1888); "Monsieur Henri" (1892); "A Little English Gallery;" "Lovers' Saint Ruths;" "Patrins" (1897); etc. She has edited an edition of Mangan's poems. THE WILD RIDE. I HEAR in my heart, I hear in its ominous pulses, All day the commotion of sinewy, mane-tossing horses, All night from their cells the importunate tramping and neighing. Cowards and laggards fall back; but alert to the saddle. Straight, grim, and abreast, vault our weather-worn, galloping legion, With stirrup-cup each to the one gracious woman that loves him. The road is through dolor and dread, over crags and morasses; Thought's self is a vanishing wing, and joy is a cobweb, And friendship a flower in the dust, and her pitiful beauty! I hear in my heart, I hear in its ominous pulses, All night from their cells the importunate tramping and neighing. We spur to a land of no name, outracing the storm-wind; FRANÇOIS PIERRE GUILLAUME GUIZOT. GUIZOT, FRANÇOIS PIERRE GUILLAUME, a French statesman, orator, and historian; born at Nîmes, October 4, 1787; died at ValRicher, in Normandy, October 12, 1874. After completing his academic course, Guizot went to Paris in 1805, and studied Kant and German literature. He began to write for "Le Publiciste," and entered upon an active literary life. A work on French synonyms (1809,) an essay on the fine arts in France (1811), and a translation of Gibbon's "Decline and Fall" (1813), led to his appointment to the chair of Modern History in the University of France. On the fall of Napoleon, in 1814, he became Secretary-General of the Ministry of the Interior, but resigned his office upon the return of Napoleon from Elba. On the second restoration he became Secretary-General of the Ministry of Justice; in 1816, Master of Requests; in 1817, a Councillor of State, and in 1819, Director of Communal and Departmental Administration. In 1821, Guizot was deprived of all his offices, and in 1822 was forbidden even to lecture. Between 1820 and 1822 he published "Du Gouvernement de la France depuis la Restauration et du Ministère Actuel" and "L'Histoire des Origines du Gouvernement Représentatif," containing his lectures at the University. He was one of the collaborators in the "Mémoires Relatifs à l'Histoire de France depuis la Fondation de la Monarchie jusqu'au XIIIme Siècle," and of the "Mémoires Relatifs à l'Histoire de la Révolution d'Angleterre." He edited a translation of Shakespeare, the "Encyclopédie Progressive," and the "Revue Française," and published a "History of the English Revolution (1826). In 1827 he resumed his lectures in history, and during the next three years published a "General History of Civilization in Europe," and a "History of Civilization in France from the Fall of the Roman Empire to the French Revolution." In 1830 he became a member of the Chamber of Deputies, and Minister of the Department of the Interior. In 1832 he was appointed Minister of Public Instruction. In 1840 he was ambassador to England, but in the autumn of the same year was recalled to assume the office of Minister of Foreign Affairs and Prime Minister. In 1848 he resigned and went to England. He returned to France the next year, but after the coup d'état of 1851 again crossed the Channel. He did not re-enter public life. His last years were spent near Lisieux in Normandy. Among his later works are: "Monk: Chute de la République et Rétablissement de la Monarchie en Angleterre en 1660" (1851); "Corneille et son Temps" (1852); "Histoire de la République d'Angleterre et du Protectorat de Cromwell" (1854); "Histoire du Protectorat de Richard Cromwell et du Rétablissement des Stuarts (1856); "Sir Robert Peel: Étude d'Histoire Contemporaine (1856); "Mémoires pour servir à l'Histoire de mon Temps" (1858-68); "L'Église et la Société Chrétienne en 1861" (1861); "Histoire Parlementaire de France," a collection of speeches (1863); and "Méditations sur l'Essence de la Religion Chrétienne" (1864); "Mélanges Biographiques et Littéraires" (1868); and "Histoire de France depuis les Temps les plus reculés jusqu'au 1789, racontée à mes Petits Enfants." This valuable history of France, left unfinished by Guizot, was completed from his notes, by his daughter, Madame De Witt. CESAR IN GAUL. (From "History of France.") THE greatest minds are far from foreseeing all the consequences of their deeds, and all the perils proceeding from their successes. Cæsar was by nature neither violent nor cruel; but he did not trouble himself about justice or humanity, and the success of his enterprise, no matter by what means or at what price, was his sole law of conduct. He could show, on occasions, moderation and mercy; but when he had to put down an obstinate resistance, or when a long and arduous effort had irritated him, he had no hesitation in employing atrocious severity and perfidious promises. During his first campaign in Belgica (A. U. c. 697, or 57 B. C.), two peoplets, the Nervians and the Aduaticans, had gallantly struggled, with brief moments of success, against the Roman legions. The Nervians were conquered and almost annihilated. Their last remnants, huddled for refuge in the midst of their morasses, sent a deputation to Cæsar to make submission, saying, "Of six hundred senators three only are left, and of sixty thousand men that bore arms scarce five hundred have escaped." Cæsar received them kindly, returned to them their lands, and warned their neighbors to do them no harm. The Aduaticans, on the contrary, defended themselves to the last extremity. Cæsar, having slain four thousand, had all that remained sold by auction; and fifty-six thousand human beings, according to his own statement, passed as slaves into the hands of their purchasers. Some years later, another Belgian peoplet, the Eburons, settled between the Meuse and the Rhine, rose and inflicted great losses upon the Roman legions. Cæsar put them beyond the pale of military and human law, and had all the neighboring peoplets and all the roving bands invited to come and "pillage and destroy that accursed race," promising to whoever would join in the work the friendship of the Roman people. A little later still, some insurgents in the centre of Gaul had concentrated in a place to the southwest, called Uxellodunum (now, it is said, Puy d'Issola, in the department of the Lot, between Vayrac and Martel). After a long resistance they were obliged to surrender, and Cæsar had all the combatants' hands cut off, and sent them, thus mutilated, to live and rove throughout Gaul, as a spectacle to all the country that was or was to be brought to submission. Nor were the rigors of administration less than those of warfare. Cæsar wanted a great deal of money, not only to maintain satisfactorily his troops in Gaul, but to defray the enormous expenses he was at in Italy for the purpose of enriching his partisans, or securing the favor of the Roman people. It was with the produce of plunder and imposts in Gaul that he undertook the reconstruction at Rome of the Basilica of the Forum, the site whereof, extending to the Temple of Liberty, was valued, it is said, at more than twenty million five hundred thousand francs. Cicero, who took the direction of the work, wrote to his friend Atticus: "We shall make it the most glorious thing in the world." Cato was less satisfied; three years previously despatches from Cæsar had announced to the Senate his victories over the Belgian and German insurgents. The Senators had voted a general thanksgiving, but, "Thanksgiving!" cried Cato, "rather expiation! Pray the Gods not to visit upon our armies the sin of a guilty general. Give up Cæsar to the Germans, and let the foreigner know that Rome does not enjoin perjury, and rejects with horror the fruit thereof!" THE ST. BARTHOLOMEW MASSACRE. (From "History of France.") WE might multiply indefinitely the anecdotal scenes of the most of them brutally ferocious, others painfully pathetic; some generous and calculated to preserve the credit massacre of humanity amidst one of its most direful aberrations. History must show no pity for the vices and crimes of men, whether princes or people; and it is her duty as well as her right to depict them so truthfully that men's souls and imaginations may be sufficiently impressed by them to conceive disgust and horror at them. But it is not by dwelling upon them, and by describing them minutely, as if she had to exhibit a gallery of monsters and madmen, that history can lead men's minds to sound judgments and salutary impressions. We take no pleasure, and we see no use, in setting forth in detail the works of evil. We would be inclined to fear that by familiarity with such a spectacle men would lose the perception of good, and cease to put hope in its legitimate and ultimate superiority. Nor will we pause either to discuss the secondary questions which meet us at the period of which we are telling the story. For example, the question whether Charles IX. fired with his own hand on his Protestant subjects whom he had delivered over to the evil passions of the aristocracy and of the populace; or whether the balcony from which he is said to have indulged in this ferocious pastime existed at that time in the sixteenth century, at the palace of the Louvre, and overlooking the Seine. These questions are not without historical interest, and it is well for learned men to study them; but we consider them incapable of being resolved with certainty. And even were they resolved, they would not give the key to the character of Charles IX., and to the portion which appertains to him in the deed of cruelty with which his name remains connected. The great historical fact of the St. Bartholomew is that to which we confine ourselves; and we have attempted to depict it accurately as regards Charles IX. his hesitations and foolish resolutions; his mingling of open-heartedness and double dealing in the treatment of Coligny, toward whom he felt himself attracted, without fully understanding him; and his childish weakness in the presence of his mother, whom he rather feared than trusted. : When he had plunged into the madness of the massacre; when after exclaiming "Kill them all!" he had witnessed the killing of Coligny and La Rochefoucauld, the companions of his royal amusements, Charles IX. gave himself up to a paroxysm of mad fury. He was asked whether the two young Huguenot princes, Henry of Navarre and Henry de Condé, were also to be slain. Marshal de Betz was in favor of this, Mar |