Politics. Constitutional Reform. Society-Laxity, Violence. Rude- ness of Living. Religion. Intolerance. Incredulity. Sects. . 1 Poetry. Society Verse. Extravagance. The Epic. Satire Drama. Prose. Ease and Finish. Temple. The Preachers. Walton. Evelyn. Pepys. Baxter. History. Clarendon. Burnet. Theology. Scep- ticism and Denial. Deism. Ethics. Hobbes. Utilitarianism. Science. Newton. Physics. Philosophy. Materialism. Locke . 23 Poetry. Method and Form. . 126 Thomson. Young. Akenside. Gray. The Drama. Gay. Garrick 172 Politics. Faction. Strife. Society. Gradual Emergence. Religion. Theology. Sleep of Deism. Natural Theology. Paley. Science. Poetry. The New Impulse: Literary Forgeries of Macpherson and Chatterton. Crabbe. Campbell. Moore. Coleridge. Keats. Prose. The Periodical. Essayists. Jeffrey. Sidney Smith. De Quin- cey. Irving. The Novel. Cooper. History. Arnold. Grote. Macaulay. Hallam. Prescott. Theology. Deism Changes Its Politics. The Victories of Peace. Society. The Onward Battle. Religion. Expansion. Diffusion Poetry. Modern Aspects. Hunt. Hood. Landor. The Brownings. Lytton. Arnold. Swinburne. Dana. Percival. Halleck. Willis. Prose. Increase of the Periodical. Sway of the Essay. Criticism. Arnold. Froude. Ruskin. Whipple. Thoreau. The Novel. Bulwer. Thackeray. Mrs. Stowe. History. Froude. Buckle. Lecky. Bancroft. Motley. Draper. Theology. Scepticism. Mill. Lecky. Emerson. Earnest Unbelief. Tolerant Faith. Ethics. Prevalence of Utilitarianism. Science - Experimental. Evolution. Darwin. Tyndall. Bain. Huxley. Philosophy - Empirical. . 399 DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISH LITERATURE AND LANGUAGE. FIRST TRANSITION PERIOD. CHAPTER I. FEATURES. The fact that 'constitutions are not made, but grow,' is simply a fragment of the much larger fact, that under all its aspects and through all its ramifications, Society is a growth and not a manufacture.-Herbert Spencer. Politics. To the love of liberty succeeded the rage of faction. Ministry after ministry failed-the legal, the corrupt, and the national. The king aimed only to emancipate himself from control, and to gratify his private tastes. Ignorant of affairs and averse to toil, without faith in human virtue, believing that every person was to be bought, promising everything to every body, and addicted beyond measure to sensual indulgence,— he brought the state by maladministration to the brink of ruin. Retribution was speedy. The defeated Roundheads, passing below the surface, began to reappear; and renouncing their republicanism as impracticable, took up the watchword of constitutional reform. After fifteen years of dissolute revels, Charles was succeeded by his brother James II, who wished to achieve, at the same time, a triumph for pure monarchy and for Romanism. Again, as at the outbreak of the Civil War, there was a political struggle and a religious struggle, and both were directed against the government. The reaction which had prostrated the Whigs was fol 1 Mackintosh. |