1evincing, proving. transition, passing over, change. shals, arranges, sets in their proper places. germ, bud.

AN EPISTLE TO JOSEPH HILL.
DEAR Joseph-five-and-twenty years ago-
Alas, how time escapes !-'tis even so-
With frequent intercourse, and always sweet,
And always friendly, we were wont to cheat
A tedious hour-and now we never meet!
As some grave gentleman in 'Terence says
('Twas therefore much the same in ancient days,)
Good lack, we know not what to-morrow brings-
Strange fluctuation of all human things!
True. Changes will befall, and friends may part.
But distance only cannot change the heart:
And, were I call'd to prove the assertion true,
One proof should serve a reference to you.

Whence comes it then, that in the wane of life, Though nothing have occurr'd to kindle strife, We find the friends we fancied we had won, Though numerous once, reduced to few or none? Can gold grow worthless that has stood the touch? No; gold they seem'd, but they were never such. Horatio's servant once, with bow and cringe, Swinging the parlour door upon its hinge, Dreading a negative, and overawed Lest he should trespass, begg'd to go abroad. "Go, fellow !—whither?"-turning short about 'Nay,—stay at home—you're always going out." "'Tis but a step, sir, just at the street's end ""For what? -"An' please you, sir, to see a friend.""A friend!" Horatio cried, and seem'd to start"Yea, marry shalt thou, and with all my heart. And fetch my cloak; for though the night be raw, I'll see him too-the first I ever saw."

I knew the man, and knew his nature mild,
And was his plaything often when a child :

But somewhat at that moment pinch'd him close,
Else he was seldom bitter or 3morose:

Perhaps, his confidence just then betray'd,

His grief might prompt him with the speech he made;
Perhaps 'twas mere good humour gave it birth,
The harmless play of pleasantry and mirth.
Howe'er it was, his language, in my mind,
Bespoke at least a man that knew mankind.
But not to moralise too much, and strain
To prove an evil of which all complain,
(I hate long arguments verbosely spun ;)
One story more, dear Hill, and I have done :
Once on a time an emperor, a wise man,
No matter where, in China or Japan,
Decreed that whosoever should offend
Against the well-known duties of a friend,
Convicted once, should ever after wear
But half a coat, and show his bosom bare.
The punishment importing this, no doubt,
That all was naught within, and all found out.
Oh happy Britain! we have not to fear
Such hard and arbitrary measure here :
Else, could a law like that which I relate
Once have the sanction of our "triple state,

Some few, that I have known in days of old,
Would run most dreadful risk of catching cold;
While you, my friend, whatever wind should blow,
Might traverse England safely to and fro,
An honest man, close button'd to the chin,
Broadcloth without, and a warm heart within.

fluctuation,

1 Terence, a famous Roman poet who wrote plays. constant change, like the waves of the sea. 3morose, peevish, of ill humour. moralise, to write on moral subjects; here, to talk like a tiresome preacher. 5 verbosely, with too many words. "triple, threefold, consisting of England, Scotland, and Ireland.

phe-nom'-e-non

THE MIRAGE.

at-mos-pher'-ic

ter-res'-tri-al

3

THE1 phenomenon of the mirage excites in the traveller of the deserts those 2 alternations of hope and disappointment which add to the miseries of his actual situation. He sees before him lakes of water, which are gone the instant he arrives at the spot where he fancied they offered their refreshment to his feverish lips. The Arabs are familiar with this remarkable appearance, and they are seldom deceived by it; although if the mirage and a real stream could be seen at the same time, it would be difficult to distinguish the reality from the delusion. The guides of the European traveller often amuse themselves by calling to him that water is in sight, when they are upon the most thirsty spots of a sandy or gravelly plain. Burckhardt has described the mirage with his usual felicity: “During the whole day's march we were surrounded on all sides by lakes of mirage, called by the Arabs, Serab. Its colour was of the purest 5 azure, and so clear that the shadows of the mountains, which bordered the horizon, were reflected in it with the greatest precision, and the delusion of its being a sheet of water was thus rendered more perfect. I had often seen the mirage in Syria and Egypt, but always found it of a whitish colour, rather resembling a morning mist, seldom lying steady on the plain, but in continual vibration; but here it was very different, and had the most perfect resemblance to water. The great dryness of the air and earth in this desert may be the cause of the difference. The appearance of water approached also much nearer than in Syria and Egypt, being often not more than two hundred paces from us; whereas I had never seen it

before at a distance of less than half a mile. There were at one time about a dozen of these false lakes around

us, each separated from the other, and for the most part. in the low grounds."

6

The mirage is caused by the extraordinary refraction

which the rays of the sun undergo in passing through masses of air in contact with a surface greatly heated. These atmospheric delusions are not confined to the appearance of water in the desert. The traveller, fainting beneath a burning sun, sees a tree in the distance, sufficiently large for him to find a shade beneath its boughs. He quickens his pace, hoping to enjoy half an hour of refreshing coolness before his camels shall have passed. The tree is really a miserable shrub, that does not afford shade enough to shelter one of his hands. This magnifying of objects is produced by the slight vapour which rises when the heat is greatest. When the sun gleams on the sand-hills, they appear at an immense distance; the traveller hopes that his camels may be spared the pain of crossing these slippery ascents; when, in a few minutes, he is close upon them, and sees a man or a camel within a stone's throw, toiling to the top.

As the sun ascends towards the zenith, and the earth and the currents of the air assume different temperatures, the phenomena of the mirage present numerous modifications. 'Humboldt states, that, in the plains of South America, where the air is very dry, he often saw the images of troops of wild oxen suspended in the air, long before the eye could see the oxen themselves; and the small currents of air were of such a variable temperature, that the legs of some appeared to rest upon the ground, while others were elevated above it. In Arabia, 10 Niebuhr observed the image of an animal reversed, before he saw the direct image. Sometimes towers, and large masses of apparent buildings, are seen upon the horizon; they disappear at intervals without the traveller being able to decide upon the true forms of the objects, which are probably little sand-hills, beyond the ordinary range of vision. All these phenomena are modifications of the