What is incendiary in this pamphlet is too much jumbled with what is ridiculous, to answer the purpofes of the party for which it appears to have been written. The author defcribes a meeting for appeals against the charges of the affeffors, at which a perfon, whom he calls an inquifitor, prefides: and here, after talking of " the Pittified modification of our glorious conftitution," he introduces an appellant, who grounds his claim of remiffion on having "no flock in trade, except a pair of fpectacles, an ink-horn, and a remnant of å quire of paper, which enables him to write occafionally political effays for the new papers:" and his fole legal allegation against the charge upon him is, that if he cannot get fome abatement, he will remove to a garret; and continue to cenfure great knaves, and wretches that live by the fpoil of their country."

We know nothing of the perfon of the appellant, for whom the author feems to entertain fo identifying a fympathy; but as he ftates him to have brought forward no legal objection against the charge laid on him, we concur in the decifion of the inquifitor, that he could have no relief there.

ART. 52. The Failure of the French Crufade; or, the Advantages to be derised by Great Britain, from the Reficration of Egypt to the Turks. By Eyles Irvin, Efq. 8vo. Is. 6d. Nicol. 1799.

The two tracts published by Mr. Irwin, on the expedition of Bonaparte, are fully fanctioned by the catastrophe of that rafh and ill-advifed enterprife. The author in the prefent publication, temperately affumes the merit he deferves, from his prediction of what has enfued, namely, that while Great-Britain was mailer of the fea, Bonaparte's views whereever they were directed muft of course be defeated. The object of mis pamphlet is, to imprefs upon the reader the idea, that from the prefent condition of things, the literary world is likely to be ben fited from the eafy accefs which Englishmen may now expect to have to the antiquities of Egypt, under the countenance and fafeguard of the Turkish government. Another, and no le's important advantage, is held out to be the quick intelligence, and more expeditious conveyance of troops, to our feulements in the Eaft. Even they who are n ́t fatisfied with the arguents of this writer, must be pleased with his patriotic ardour, and manly mode of exprefling his fentiments.

ART. 53. Jacobinifm difplayed, in an Addrefs to the People of England, Second Edition. 8vo, 31 pp. 31 pp. 6d. Printed by E. Piercy, at Birmingham. 1798.

ART. 54. New Lights on Jacobinism, abftra&ted from Proffer Robifon's Hiftory of Free Majonry, with an Appendix, containing an Account of Voltaire's Behaviour on his Death Bed, and a Letter from J. H. Stone (who was tried for Sedition) to his Friend Dr. Prigley, dyclofing the Principles of Jacobinifm. By the author of Jacobinim dyplayed, Evo. 55 pp. Piercy, Birmingham. 1798.

Thefe two tracts contain, in a very compreffed and ufeful form, the Fffence of Barruel's Memoirs of Jacobinifm, and of Profeffor Robijon's

book

book on a fimilar fubject. They are excellently calculated for general sirculation, and great numbers have actually been fold in the country; *though we do not find that they have yet made their way to the London market. It is of great importance that the truth fhould be made generally known, by fuch publications as thefe.

MISCELLANIES.

ART. 55. An Efay on the Manufactures of Ireland: in which is confidered, to what Manufactures her national Advantages are beft fuited; and what are the beft Means of improving fuch Manufactures. By Thomas Wallace, of the King's Inns, Dublin, and M. R. I. A. 8vo. 340 pp. Murray and Highley. 1798.

The Dedication of this effay to the Earl of Moira, goes beyond the ufual ftyle even of Dedications. It talks of Xenophon and Scipio; and then of a patron, who, like a conftellation which illumines, while it ornaments the horizon," &c. of "man fhrunk in thefe times below his moral standard ;" and of the Earl's " fupporting the character of a friend of Ireland with fo much firmnefs, temperance, and wisdom." From this panegyric, dated April 3, 1798, perhaps fubfequent events would juftify fome abatement. The author offered his Effay to the Royal Irifh Academy, as a candidate for the prize of 5ol. given by Mr. T. Cunningham; and he complains of fome extraordinary conduct on the part of the Academy, in their award of the prize to Mr. Prefton, author of feveral dramatic and poetic pieces. Mr. Wallace fhows that manufactures deferve encouragement; he confiders what are the circumstances which render a manufacture fitted for a country to profecute, and how thefe circumftances apply to cach of the principal manufactures within the reach of Ireland; and he concludes, by making a few obfervations on thofe fpecific modes of encouragement, which have been generally recommended for the promotion of them, and on thofe general caufes that tend to promote of retard their progrefs. (p. 339) The ftyle of this Effay is clear and proper; the arguments are ftated with force and perfpicuity; and the author fhows himself well acquainted with the fubject of manufactures in general, and with thofe of Ireland in particular. It is nevertheless greatly to be regretted and reprobated in this tract, that it has a strong tendency to excite jealousy and hoftility, political as well as commercial, betwixt Great Britain and Ireland (p. 336, &c.)

ART. 56. The Reader, or Reciter; by the affiftance of which, any Perfon may teach himself to read or recite English Profe with the utmost elegance and effect. To which are added, Inftructions for reading Plays, on a Plan never before attempted. 8vo. 3. 6d. Cadell and Davies. 1799.

The first indifpenfable qualification for reading well is an agreeable modulation of voice, which certainly may be improved by difcipline and practice. The next effentials are, a good judgment, and elegant afte Where these are wanting, all rules are vain; nor can any fpe

cific rules communicate thefe qualities. We cannot but smile when we read in this, and fimilar books, that at this paffage we must elevate, at another deprefs the voice; here we are to paufe, and there to haften on; in this page feem compofed, and in the following one ruffled, &c. &c. The aids of fuch publications will be of fmall avail; and no one ever read the better for pursuing them. Our rules for reading well are, avoid affectation, follow nature, and cultivate taste.

ART. 57. The Wrongs of Unterwalden. Originally published in September, 1791. Tranflated by the Rev. Weeden Butler, M. A. of Sidney Seffex College, Cambridge. 8vo. 54 Pp. Cawthorne. 1799. This tract may be confidered as fupplementary to Wood's “General View of the History of Switzerland," of which an account has been given in one of our former numbers. Who was the original author is not mentioned; but he, like Mr. Wood, appears to be a zealous friend of Colonel Weifs, whofe conduct he vindicares; and, in doing which, he is driven to the neceffity of cenfuring the venerable Avoyer Steiguer, whofe character all we meet with, that are well acquainted with the late tranfactions in this devoted country, hold in the highest eftimation. The difmal tale of Schawemburg's unmerited attack, defeat, maffacre, and extermination of the unhappy Underwalders, is here related at length, and with much warmth of expreffion. The ftyle is fomewhat turgid; but, on an occafion like this, we are lefs inclined to cenfure the ardentia Verba which muft occur when unheard-of crimes are to be related, of which fober language cannot couvey an adequate idea.

ART. 58. A brief Account of the Subversion of the papal Government, 1798. By Richard Duppa. Second Edition. Svo. 75. Robinfons

1799.

We favourably announced the firft edition of this work, and had no doubt that a fecond would foon be required. This has accord: ingly happened, and an i proved volume is now published, with fome elegant plates, a plan of Rome, and a map of the Ecclefiaftical State. It is impoffible to perufe, without indignation and horror, this detail of Gallic cruelty, perfidy, and rapine; and the author has fup. ported his narrative by fuch documents, that his book will certainly be referred to by the future hiftorian of thefe difaftrous periods.

ART. 59. Will Whimsical's Mifcellany. 8vo. 4s. Longman. 1799.

This well-meaning writer is not much gifted with the true fpirit of poefy.. Nevertheless, he must be a faftidious reader indeed, who, in this Mifcellany, does not find fomething to amufe him. The profaic part of this volume is much better than the poetry; and, in the defultory thoughts, fome good bints are certainly given.

FOREIGN

FOREIGN CA

CATALOGUE.

FRANCE.

ART. 60, Principes des mœurs chez toutes les Nations, ou Catéchisme univerfel, par Saint-Lambert, Paris. 1798.

(Continued from p. 210, of our laft Number.)

At the end of the year 1788, when fo many of philofophers fancied that they could difcover in the fymptoms of a moft dreadfulrevolution, the approach of the moft flattering and defirable regeneration, Mr. de St. L. was afflicted and alarmed by their hopes. Having defcribed the French monarchy as a paternal monarchy, and having remarked that in such a government, if man can add fome degrees to the perfection of his cha racter, and of his happiness, they muft, at any rate, be few, he observes, as the conclufion of his Analyse historique de la Société.

"Ne rempliffons pas l'efprit humain de chimères; elles ne ferviroient qu'à nous dégoûter de notre état préfent. Nous avons fait quel ques découvertes; fachons en jouir. Nous favons aujourd'hui que le peuple dans lequel on voit l'amour du travail, la justice, le courage, peu d'envie, et une grande difpofition à aimer, eft le peuple le plus heureux de la terre. Augmentons encore nos vertus, mais reftons contens d'être hommes; ne prétendons pas devenir des Dieux. C'est une belle machine que l'aeroftat; cherchons quelques moyens de la perfectionner et d'en faire ufage; mais ne concevons pas la folle espérance de nous en fervir un jour pour aller fouper dans la lune ou paffer quelque temps à la campagne, chez nos amis de Saturne et de Jupiter."

The author then examines the different kinds of government, and their different nuances, as obfervable in their feveral forms. He. treats fucceffively of democracy at the first formation of focieties, of aristocracy, of monarchy, and of theocracy. He confiders monarchy as fucceeding democracy, monarchy as fucceeding aristocracy, and monarchy as arifing from conqueft. The favourers of democracy will certainly feel themselves but little fatisfied with the preference conftantly given by him to monarchy, with what he fays in different parts of his work, of the advantages refulting from nobility, with his opinion that a democratic government can never be made to fuit a great nation, or with his unalterable respect for property. They will find fome paffages which they muft undoubtedly regard as allufions, and which cannot but difplease them.

Argos," fays Mr. de St. L. " éprouva beaucoup de révolutions. Ses monarques y furent fouvent remplacés par les chefs des rebelle. Si l'on en croit les relations de ces temps éloignés, les rois d'Argos étoient des monftres; mais fi les rois font flattés fur le trône, ils font cruellement calomniés, quand ils font forcés d'en defcendre. A l'ex

femple

emple de leur fiècle, l'aveugle poftérité délivre l'ufurpateur du fardeau de fes crimes, pour en charger le roi malheureux....... Argos maffacra les rois et les nobles, et il eut pour gouvernement la démocratie la plus inconsidérée. Argos perdit une partie de fes poffeffions, de fon induftrie et de fon commerce."

In this Analyfe de la Société, the merely abstract part confits of about 150 pages only, whereas the hiftorical occupies from 5 to 600. The author, after having examined the feveral form of government, confiders, in a curfory way, the difcoveries which have contributed to accelerate the progrefs of civilization at the commencemeat of focieties. He then obferves the progrefs of legiflation among different ancient people, particularly the Egyptians, the Perfians, the Chinele, the Greeks, the Carthaginians, and the Romans. Their character, their government, their religion, their laws, their manners, their ufages, their commerce, their navigation, their arts, their fciences, are all appreciated by Mr. de St. L.

He has, indeed, fpoken more in detail of the moderns than of the ancients, and of the French than of all other people; and what he fays concerning the French monarchy may very properly be regarded as a valuable fummary of its hiftory. He often, however, quits it to attend -to the variations which have taken place in other governments. The Italian, the Swifs Republics, the monarchical government of Spain, the mixed government of England, occupy him in their turns, and in his views of all thefe ftates, he will be found to be a writer who is equally on his guard against national prejudices and philofophical abfraction. When he cenfures, it is with modefty and referve; when he praifes, it is without enthufiafm; the homage rendered by him to the conftitution, the wifdom, the industry of the English, is only the tribute of reason. The fame thing may be obferved with refpect to that which he pays to the greatest and best of the French Kings. With him we dwell with pleafare on the paternal administration of Louis XII, and of Henry IV. He defends Richelieu and Louis XIV, from the attacks of a delirious philofophy, which, whilt it dépreffes what ought to be exalted, often called that tyranny and defpotifn, which was, in reality, protection and vigour; he propofes as objects of grateful acknowledgment, what that philosphy has marked for our averfion. He demonftrates, that the progrefs of the linery of the people, was always connected with that of the authority of Kings. la pointing out the characters of the governments, to which the moft ce lebrated people have been fubject, he fhows the effect of those govern ments on the manners and the happinefs of men. He marks the afcendancy of those propenfities which, influencing the manners of individuals, influence alfo the character of political focieties. He places in the first rank of thofe propenfities, the defire of acquiring an extreme fuperiority, the love of independence, and the love of equality. To prevent thefe paffions from becoming dangerous, he oppofes to them others, fuch as the fatisfaction me muft derive from the confideration of our relative, or combined ftrength, the love of order, pity,

&c.

As a further fpecimen of this laft part of the work, we shall cite what Mr. de St. Lefays of-Louis XVI, and of the fituation of France at the epoch when this monarch convoqued the States-General.