ART. XI. Reliquia Divi Andrea, or the State of the venerable and primitial See of St Andrews. Containing an Accompt of the Rife, Advancement, Dignities, Honours, Jurifdiction, Priviledges, and Revolutions of this ancient See; and of the Church Benefices of old belonging thereto, and of late annext thereto, in the Kirks now belonging to the fame, &c. With fame Hiftoricall Memoirs of fome of the most famous Prelates and Primates thereof. By a true (though unworthy) Sone of the Church 4to. 256 pp. 10s. 6d. Morifon, St. An drews. 1797 THIS HIS work was originally written in 1683. by George Martine of Clermont, who, as the editor informs us, was probably Secretary to Archbishop Sharp. Three manuscript copies, all varying from each other, are in the poffeffion of the University of St. Andrews, in the Harleian Library, and in that of Dr. Adamfon, Profeffor of Civil Hiftory. The original Manufcript belongs to Mr. David Martine, of Ederfide; and from this the publication before us was printed. The ftyle of the original is every where preferved; and fome curious matter, found only in the copies, is printed between brackets in its proper place. The work itfelf is divided into eleven chapters, which feverally treat of the Heathenith Priests in the Ifle before Chrif tianitie; the Converfion of Britanne; the Bishoprick of St. Andrews; the Priviledges, Honours, &c. as enumerated in the title-page; and, finally, conclude with an account of the Bishops and Archbishops of St. Andrews. The following is an example of the ftyle of the work, and certainly affords much curious information to the antiquarian. « Of the Incumbent's being made Primate, and the See Metropolitick. "The first thirtie three prelates of this fee (according to Spotfwood), albeit they were Epifeopi Scotorum maximi, yet they had onlie the priviledge and honour of bishops; but after they were created Archiepifcopi, et archipatres, titulus qui primum videtur infignioribus in ordine viris, non per canonem, fed ex placito, delatus, poftea ab ecclefia fufceptus, et in certum gradum conftitutos, et primo in oriente obtinuit. Archiepifcopus et Metropolitanus funt nomina fynonima; dicitur Achiepifcopus quis, quod Epifcopis fit fuperior, et non civitati tantum, fed et provinciae praefideat: vocatur Metropolitanus, quia in metropoli aliqua, i. e. matrice civitate, olim conftitatus eft, ut auguftae et divinae civitatis, i. e. ecclefiae, unitas et tranquillitas melius confervetur. Poteft archiepifcopus fuae provinciae antiftites cogere et congregare, quo graviora negotia in ampliore et majore conventu trac tari et definiri poffint, et quae perperam ac injufte decreta vel judicata funt, ad majus judicium gradatim referantur, et hujus rei gratia fynodus ta civitatum quam provinciarum atque nationum judicere, quod et conftitutione praecepit Justinianus, nov. de fanét. Epifcop. "In the year 1471, Pope Sixtus the fourth, to filence the pretenfions of the Archbishop of York to a precedencie over the church of Scotland in all time coming, George Nevill, then Archbishop of York, at that time renewing the claime, [i. e. at the promotion of Patrick Grahame, formerly Bishop of Brechin, to the fee of St Andrews, erected the fee of St Andrews into ane archbishoprick and primitiall fee, making the incumbant there primate and metropolitane of all Scotland, by his bull granted for that effect, and ordained the reft of the bifnops of Scotland, then twelve, but now thirteen in num. ber, to be fubject to this fee: [As alfo fome years after that (but ante decurfum faeculi), Pope Innocent the eight gave his bull to the fame effect, with this fpeciall command, that the election was in imitation of the metropolitick fee of Canterbury, in these words: "Innocen. tius &vus in concernentibus archiepifcopalia primatiae et hujusmodi legationis officia, jura, et corum liberum exercitium, honores, onera.et emolumenta, obfervent, teneant, firmier et inviolabiter ftudeant, perimplere laudabiles confuetudines inclytae me ropolitanae ecclefiae cantuarienfis, cujus praeful regni angliae legatus natus exiftit," &c, So Cambden, ex Camera Apoftolica, lib. xxiv. fol. 24.] "The bull of erection alfo endowed the archbishop with the privi ledges of a primare, which were; firit, to receive and use (folemnibus diebus in provincia et non extra) the archiepifcopall pall, which implies and confers plenitudinem officij pontificalis, and is the infigne of archiepifcopall and metropolitane dignitie; before the getting whereof, and of being invefted with it, the archbishop cannot ordaine priefts unlefs he had before been a bishop, dedicate churches, confecrate bishops, nor be called archbishop. [It will be here no impertinent digreffion to enquire what the pall of an archbishop is. The Cannonifts define it thus:] "Pallium eft ex lana candida contextum, habens circulum humeros conftringentem, duas lincas ab utraque parte dependentes, quatuor cruces purpureas ante et retro a dextris et a finiftris, hae funt duplices, illae fimplices." It is alfo thus described by others: A pontifical vestment, made of a lamb's wool, as it cometh from the fheep's back, without any artificial colour, and fpun by a peculiar order of nuns, caft into St. Peter's tomb, and adorned with little black croffes, having two labells hanging down before and behind, which the archbishops going to the altar put about their necks, above their other pontificall ornaments. [And Mr. Francis Mafone, a learned English divine, in his defence of the Confecration of the Bishops of England at the time of the reforma tion, against Bellarman, Sanders, and other learned Catholicks, printed anno 1613, p. 188, fayth, that a pall is a little tippet, three fingers broad, made of wool, of two white lambs offered up upon the altar of St. Agnes, while Agnus Dei is fang in the folemne mafs, and laid alf night upon the hodies of St. Peter and St. Paul under the great altar, from whence receiving this virtue to containe the fullness of all pontificall power, it becomes the enfigne of a patriarche or archbishop. This This much of the pallium. See Onuphrius his Interpretatio vocum obfcuriorum ecclefiaft. p. 71, 72. joined to Platina, de vitis Pontificum, edit. Col. Agrip. anno 1626. And for the palla, the fame Cannonift defines it "Lineus pannus confecratus, qui extenditur fuper altare, fuper quo ponitur corporale." The pall was brought in onlie in the twelfth centurie; for then the popes began first to fend their cloaks to archbishops, as the badge of their being the pope's legati nati, i. e. legate's born. See fection ifi. of this chapter, near the beginning.] The next priviledge of ane archbishop, affigned by the Cannonifts, is to receive the oath of fidelitie and obedience to the church of Rome. "The third priviledge is to caufe a croce to be carried before him, except it be in Rome, or where the pope or his legate is ufing the "infignia papalia," which are," veftis rubea, palafraedus albus, fraenum et calcaría déaurata.” The fourth, ad primatem poteft appellari, omifas mediis. Sylvefter in fumma. "The first of the prelates of this fee, according to our hiftorians, who gote the title and honour of primate, archbishop, and metropolitane, was Patrick Grahame, nephew, (fays Spotfwood, but brother uterine, fays Buchanan, and trulie), to Bishop James Kennedy, his immediate predeceffor in this fee; and at his promotion, Bishop of Brechin. [It is to be remembered, that their mother was Mary Stewart, youngest daughter to King Robert the third, who was thrice married. Firft to James Kennedy, fon to Gilbert Kennedy of Dunmure, in Carrick, (preceptor to the Earl of Caffilis, being recommended by his father to Sir Gilbert his care and keeping when verie young) to whom the bare two fons, Gilbert, afterwards created Lord Kennedy, and this James Kennedy the worthy Bishop of St Andrews. Next he married George Earle of Angus (the fecond Earle of Angus of the name of Douglas) to whom the bare William and George Douglaffes, both Earles of Angus fucceffive; and this George Earle of Angus, her hufband, being killed at the battle of Shrewsbury, anno 1403, fhe married, thirdly, Sir George Grahame of Murdock, as fome defign him; others call him Lord Grahame of Dundusmore: She bore to him James Grahame the first Laird of Fintrie, and this Patrick Grahame the firft Archbishop of St Andrews, and Primate of all Scotland.] "This Patrick Grahame was a fingular good man, and of a great virtue. With the primacie he obtained alfo a legantine power to reform abufes in the church and clergie for three years; but he was mightilic oppofed in both by the inferior clergie, and alfo by the courtiers, and was prohibite to use his power by the King (James the third (and after he had never peace, but was yext continuallie with great and powerfall enemies till his death. Firft by the Boyds, who then ruled the court; and after by William Shevez (whofe promotion to the Archdeantie of St Andrews he laboured to hinder), who first procured to Grahame great and manie troubles; as excommunication, imprifonment, povertie, difgrace from the court and church, all which he endured very Chriftianlie. "This William Shevez, notwithstanding all the oppofition made by him and others to Patrick Grahame's promotion to be Archbishop of of St Andrews, and Metropolitane of Scotland, even in Grahame's lifetime, was provided to the archbishoprick of St Andrews, at Rome, and received the pall (ut videtur) from Pope Innocent the eight in figne of archiepifcopall dignitie, and was fplendidlie invefted there with in the church of Holyroodhoufe, in anno 1478, in prefence of the king and diverfe of the nobilitie. See Archbishop Spotswood's Hift. p. 58, 59, 60. "The Archbishop of St Andrews, as metropolitane of the kingdome, confecrates and tranflates all bishops within his own province, which are thefe nine: Edinburgh, Dunkeld, Dumblaine, Brechin, Aberdeen, Murray, Rofs, Caithnefs, and Orknay; yea alfo he confe crates and tranflates to the fee of Glasgow itself upon a vacancie. And herein is a main difference betwixt a bishop and ane archbishop; that the archbishop with other bifhops doth confecrate a bishop, as a bishop with the other priefts doth confecrate a prieft." P. 43. # The catalogue of Bishops and Archbishops, at the conclufion, is avowedly taken from "the revered Spotfwood,' whom Martine properly denominates "a grave and fage" author. These which follow are not the leaft curious of the biographical sketches. "William Shevez first was archdeacone of St Andrews, and then the first that was peaceablie archbishop. Vir doctus et excellens cog nitione medicae artis, et rei aftronomicae imprimis peritus, multa valuit authoritate et gratia apud Jacobum III. faith Dr Howie. He is taxt by our writers for his malice against Grahame his predeceffor, and his uncleanlie entrie to the fee. Yet Spotfwood, though a fevere cenfurer of him in thefe two heads, reproves nothing in his adminiftration. He received the pall (pallium) as the fymboll of the archiepifcopall dignitie, and was moft folemnelie and honourablie invefted in the church of Halyroodhous, in prefence of the king, the bishops, and many of the nobilitie, [anno 1478.] He prevailed against Robert Blacater Archbishop of Glasgow, in the controverfie concerning the primacie. The MS. faith of him, in aftrologia, theologia et medicina, tales tantofque fecit progreffus, ut aetate fua vix parem ei produxerat Gallia aut Britannia noftra. It is reported of him, that falling out of court with King James the third (for a peace he concluded in England, the Bishop of Dumblane, the Earle of Arguill, and Lord Avendale chancellor, anno 1482, with the Dukes of Glocefter and Albanie) after the king's being fet free from prifone, he was perfwaded or compelled to quite the archbishoprick of St Andrews in favours of Andrew Stewart proveift of Lincludden, [and fone of Sir James Stewart, called the black knight of Lorn, and Lady Jean Beaufort, King James the firft his widow, whom Sir James married. Of this Mr. Andrew Stewart fee the royall genealogie of Scotland ;] and fo Shevez, as fome fay, became Bishop of Moray only for his life. But to prove this a mistake, Spotfwood afferts that they both poffeft their ow he benefices till their deaths: Alfo I have feen charters granted by him fome years after. The charter granted by King James the third confirming the golden charter, ut fupra, chap. vii, fečt. 2. makes honourable honourable mention of this archbishop and of his fervices to the king. He put the body of St Palladius in a filver fhrine, in the kirk of For dun in the Merins, anno 1494; which fhrine was afterwards facrilegiouflie meddled with by Wifhart Pittarro, after which the familie never profpered, as Spotfwood obferves, p. 17. Shevez died anno 1496, and was buried in the cathedrall church of St Andrews over against the high altar, in a monument of braffe provided for him." P. 236. "David Beatoun [third fone to John Beatoun of Balfour and Elizabeth Monypenny,] fucceeded his uncle in the fee of St Andrews and commendatorie of Ardbroth. He was created cardinall by Pope. Paul the third, and epifcopus mirapicenfis by the king of France, anno 1538, while he was firit ambassadour there for answering the calumnies of the English and for renewing the old league. He was ambaffadour to France the fecond time to treat of the king's marreage with Mary of Guife. How much he was addicted to ambition appears in this, that fhort while after his inftalment he conveened at St Andrews four earles, four lords, many barons, five bifhops, four abbots, many priors, deans, and doctors of the clergie and theologie, and in a public meeting of all, as cardinall, he had his feate raised and erected above the other feats. To exprefs his enmitie against thofe he called hereticks, he caused burne many perfones, and Sir John Borthwick in effigie. He diverted King James the fifth from the appointed interview betwixt him and Henry the eight of Englande his uncle, at York, for fear of King Henry's advice to his nephew about religion. He caufed a priest counterfeit the king's teftament after his death; at leaft lead the dying king's hand at his fubfcriving a paper wherein he was named the first governour of the kingdome, which took no effect, for the imposture was difcovered; yet the deed was published at Edinbargh. His fucceffor, Spotfwood, calls him ambitious beyond meafure; and, in punifhing those he called hereticks, more than inhumane. His titles and defignations in charters run thus. David miferatione divina Sti Stephani in Coelio monte de urbe Stae Romanae ecclefiae prefbyter cardinalis, Sti Andreae archiepifcopus, totius regni Scotia primas, et apoftolicae fedis legatus natus, mirapicenfis ecclefia in Gallia adminiftrator, ac commendatorius perpetuus monafterii de Ardbroth. The more to aggrandize himfelfe, upon the 16th day of November 1539, he wrote to Mr. Andrew Olyphant vicar of Fowlis, his agent at Kome, for a brieve, that as primate he might have his croce carried before him per totum regnum Scotiae, et in diocefi et provincia Glafguenfi, et aliis locis qualitercunque exemptis, cum derogatione exceptionum earundem ad effectum deferendi crucem duntaxet et non alias, et abfque exceptionum earundem prejudicio. These are the words of the letter, which is dated at Kelio. He had a commiffion to be chancellor by the queene and regent, dated the 10 Januarie 1542; but he accepts it not till the 13 December 1543, that it was delivered to him in parliament; and he continued chancellor till his death.] He defeated the defign of the marreage of Edward Prince of Englande with our young Queene Mary, and fruftrated Sir Ralph L BAIT, CRIT, YOL, XIV. AUG. 1799. Sadler |