NOTES. Exercise I. 1 The word 'scholar,' when it denotes a professed student of classical literature, may be expressed as in this passage by the phrase doctrinæ studiosus homo or vir; if it is implied that the person has attained to eminence in this pursuit, he is termed vir doctus, præclarus, eximius, or even superlatively doctissimus, &c. 2 Wyttenbach wishes to call attention both to the paucity of scholars and to their separation, and therefore uses the two participles dispersus ac diffusus, one of which might have been sufficient, and he shows their intimate connexion by the conjunction ac:-Lat. Gr. 112, a, 1. 3 The verb teneo 'to hold fast and keep' is here used, not only because it is appropriate, but also, to produce one of those alliterations which are so common in good Latin prose: ita tenere ut contineatur. 4 Delectatio. 5 Affectus. 6 Doctrinæ ac virtutis fructus. 7 The indefinite pronoun quidam is often used to qualify a general statement, and sometimes amounts to the adverbial quodammodo, or is εἰπεῖν. 8 Vis, signifying 'force' or 'power,' is often employed in this sense, like the verb valeo, δύναμαι. 9 Here and below the writer uses both purus and sincerus with a dis tinct perception of a difference in meaning. The former denotes a freedom from solocisms such as a Roman himself might commit; the latter, properly an epithet of honey, (sincerus, sine cerû, 'without wax') means that the style has no words formed on a modern basis. This is explained by the words immediately following. 10 Use the phrase habere sordes a recentiore avo. 11 Consuetudo. 12 The literal rendering of the Latin phrase is 'to have a thing accurately known and seen through,' where 'known' is cognitus (Lat. Gr. append. I. 103). 13 Gravis, graviter, denoting 'weight,' are used in good Latin to signify whatever produces an impression or influence, whether it be authority or argument. 14 "There have been very few who,' i. e. 'such that they excelled.'-Latin Gr. p. 149. 15 Latinitatis scientia princeps. 16 Here the opposition is expressed by non item. 17 Express this impersonally: aliquantum deest. 18 Et vero plurimum—i.e., deest. 20 Quæ una. 21 In singulis verbis ac dictionibus aliquid subinde sordium adhærescit. 22 It will be observed by all writers of Latin that the relative often takes the place of the English demonstrative. 23 This is often the English substitute for a Latin idiom involving tantus: it is not good English to say 'being deterred by the so great difficulty of writing Latin well.' 24 Refero is used where we should expect transfero, because the Romans felt that the inferior occupation was the original basis of action, to which disappointed ambition might return. 25 Et Latine et bene scribendo. 26 Excellere in principibus harum laudum. 27 Latine mediocriter et ad vulgarem modum doctus. 28 Suavitas. 29 Lumina. 30 Gnarus like our connoisseur. 32 Here castitas, which implies a protected seclusion from external contact (Varronian. p. 122. New Crat. § 267) is opposed to sinceritas; above note 9. The phrase expressed by the relative sentence in English is turned Exercise II. 1 Peregrinatio ad tempus. 2 Use the double negative, neque injucunda neque inutilis. 3 The Romans often used exaggerated terms, like mirificus here, which must be reduced to their proper value in English. 4 Id sibi fere unum studio habere, huic uni operam dare. 5 As it is presumed that their friends will be of their own age, the writer says æquales. 6 Quo quæque urbs loco sita, &c. 8 Explere cupiditates. 9 'They do not even suscipere ullam cogitationem of all these things.' 10 The Latin idiom, more careful than our own, uses the form C. III.* 11 Ingenia naturæque. He is translating Odyss. I. 3. 12 Ars Poetica 142. 14 Adhibeo E. III. abl. absol. with non nisi, which are always divided like ne-quidem in good writers. 15 Supellex. The superlative is expressed by quam, with or without possum. 16 Privatim-publice prodesse. *This notation refers to the moods and tenses, as indicated in the Grammar. 17 Alia quædam ratio. Ex. I.note 7. 18 Here the Latin relative stands for the copulative conjunction, which in some of its forms is merely an adverbial representation of that pronoun. N. Crat. § 195. 19 Quod probarem et ipse. 20 'If any were found usquam.' 23 Vanus is opposed to any sense of verus. See Ex. L. note 45. 24 Laboro. 25 Quum. 26 He refers to Homer, Hymn. in Merc. 36. The line is probably Hesiod's. Opp. et D. 365. 27 Asin. § 4. 28 Ovid Metam. I. 96. 29 Intimis sensibus. 30 Epigr. xxix. v. 21. sq. The original contains a play on vita and via. Exercise III. 1 I have here, and in Exercise VII., substituted the English for the Latin form of address, which would be 'to the distinguished man J. Brownius, D. Wyttenbach gives a hearty greeting.' In most of the other letters given as exercises, I have retained the classical form. 2 Repeat the predicate gratus. 4 Omnis mea opera. 5 Si modo peteret, because the main verb is in the past tense. 6 Apud nos Lugduni. It is not necessary to add Batavorum as the place is known. It is also called Leida. 7 Nimirum. 8 'Our congressus will be more frequent. Congredior and convenio aliquem are good Latin for social intercourse. 9 Quod nunc facit. 11 Colligere usum linguæ. 13 Semidoctus. 14 Plebs. 15 Optimi quique exterorum. 17 Coram videre aliquem. 18 Ingenio et moribus probata. 19 Sive apud te sive alibi sunt. 20 'Farewell distinguished man, and continue to be (porro) partial (fave) to me.' Exercise IV. 1 Luculento exemplo testari. 4 Cicero says bonus gubernator, &c., where the noun amounts to a secondary predicate. Hence we might write bonus pancratiastes, which would be equivalent to bonus pancratio (cf. Sall. Jugurtha, VII. 5: bonus consilio, XIII, 1: bello melioris) or pancratii laude excellens. 5 It will be sufficient to say itaque or atque ita Olympionices factus, and so to combine the whole narrative into one period. 6 Taken in connexion with what precedes, this will be adequately expressed by a general term, and we may write relicto hoc opere. The next clause will begin with the relative quod, implying experimentum virium, which is included in the vires experiri solebat of the former sentence; and the temporal predicates to the end will be expressed by ablatives-absolute, participles in agreement with the subject, or C. IV. with quum; thus: (1) a journey having been undertaken, (2) when he had intermitted, (3) having returned home, (4) the bow having been resumed, (5) when he saw, (6) a pile having been erected and lighted. 7 The next two sentences will be combined in one period, beginning with quod addit Pausanias. 8 Hæc [fortitudo] in istud consilium cadere non potest. 9 Illud durius est vocabulum. 10 It is scarcely necessary to say that the Latin language, which is not rich in abstract terms, can only express such a word as 'ideal of life' by a paraphrase like the following Ciceronian phrases: nihil est in vitâ magnopere expetendum nisi laus atque honestas; genus, cui nihil addi possit, summum et perfectissimum; illud ipsum, quod est optimum; illud, quo nihil potest esse præstantius; illud nescio quid præclarum ac singulare. 11 Nihil jam præclarum videbatur. 12 Omnem splendorem ac jucunditatem amisit, squalet et sordet. 13 Se gessit pro Græco. 14 The Romans had no proper term exactly equivalent to 'imagination,' though anticipatio expresses some of its meanings. We must use ingenium, mens, animus, with such explanatory adjuncts as will serve to show whether we are referring to the prolific fancy, the faculty of original construction, or to the feelings. Here we must combine the celeritas ingenii or celeres animi motus with the mentis incitatio, mentis vis incitatior or animi afflatus atque incendium. Imaginationes, in the plural, signifies 'thoughts' or 'fancies' presented to the mind. 15 Quanto dedecori esset. 16 Quorum nemo potuisset.· |