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him with a kind of interest, as if he were an acquaintance, and she seemed gladly to direct her discourse to him. 'You are a stranger here,' said the grand duchess; 'you have not yet been a day within these walls, you cannot therefore be corrupted as yet: I challenge you, therefore, to be an umpire. May there not be given by nature a mysterious power, which-which (how shall I express myself?)-which, if one mischievously call upon, may bring us mischief ?' began the duchess.

'You are not impartial, mother,' said the princess, quickly; you have already by your question, in the way you have put it, taken prisoner the baron's thoughts. Say at once, if, accidentally in the interval of some years, six tiles had by degrees fallen from the roof of a house, and had killed some people, would you never again pass by this house? Why not? There must surely be in these tiles a mysterious power which—

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How malicious!' interrupted the grand duchess. 'You wish to reconcile me with my mysterious powers to the house; but patience: the simile brought forward by Sophia is not quite proper to

Now, we shall soon see to whom the baron awards the right,' exclaimed the princess. "The fact is this: we have here a very fine opera; there is everything possible in it, old and new mixed up with each other, and, only for one exception, the most splendid and beautiful opera I know. I heard it for the first time in another place, and the first thing I did when I returned here, was to entreat that it might be given, but never shall my wish be gratified; and this not because it is too difficult-no: the objection is peculiarly ridiculous.'

'What is the name of the opera ?' asked the stranger. 'It is Othello !'

'Othello ?-assuredly a splendid composition. It is rarely that music speaks to me as this does; and, for days together, I find myself inspired with a solemn sort of feeling-nay, almost a holy one-after I have listened to the swan song of Desdemona.'

'Do you hear this?' said Sophia, gaily. He comes from St Petersburg, from Warsaw, from Berlin-I have never seen him—and yet he values Othello so highly. We must see it again. And why should it not be represented once more? None of the present day believe in such a fable.'

'Do not be wicked,' exclaimed the grand duchess. 'There are facts known to me which make me shudder when I only think of them; yet we speak to our arbiter in riddles. Fancy to yourself for once, whether it is not frightful when, on every occasion that Othello has been performed, there was a fire.'

Ah! once more a simile,' began Sophia; but the fable itself is yet more strange.'

'No, it must burn,' continued her mother. 'Othello was at first performed as the drama of Shakspere about five years ago; the tale went, it was not known why or wherefore, that, as often as Othello was performed, a certain event followed; and thus our fire: there was a burning followed that performance. The prohibition had been enforced for a length of time, and no Othello was performed. A new and very spirited translation appeared; it was given once more, and that unhappy event occurred again. I remember, even as if it were to-day, when Othello, changed into an opera, was performed. We laughed long beforehand at being able to have brought the unhappy Moor his victim, now that he was become musical; Desdemona had perished a few days later, and the black had a further sacrifice. The event occurred once more, and on this account Othello has never since been repeated: it is silly, but true. What say you about it, baron? Candidly, what say you of our dispute?'

"Your serene highness is perfectly right,' answered Larun, in a tone between jest and earnest. If you will permit me, I can confirm your statement from a passage in my own life. I had an unmarried aunt, a disagreeable and mysterious person. As children, we were accustomed to call her our feathered aunt, because she used to wear large black feathers in her hat. As with your Othello,

there ran in our family a tale, that as often as our aunt with the feathers came some of us must be taken ili. There were jesting and laughing about this, but still the illness came; and we were so used to the spectre, that, as often as our aunt came to the castle, preparations were made for the impending illness, and even the doctor was retained.'

A precious figure your aunt with the feathers!' exclaimed the princess, laughing. I can imagine to myself how, when she stretched her head with the hat and feathers from the carriage, the children would run away from her as if she were the plague, for no one will be ill that can help it; and how a groom must have hastened to the city to fetch the doctor when the aunt with the feathers made her appearance. Then you had in reality a living white lady in your family?'

Be quiet about such things,' interrupted the grand duchess, almost displeased; we ought not to speak of such things lightly-things which cannot be denied, and yet whose nature may never be revealed. So is it with my Othello,' added she, kindly. And you shall not see it, baron, here, and so must seek your favourite piece elsewhere.'

And yet you shall see it,' whispered Sophia to him. I must once more hear my Desdemona's song-sec and hear it on the stage, should I myself become the sacrifice!' 'Yourself?' asked the stranger, perplexed. 'I heard from the spectre Moor only of burning, not killing.' 'Ah! that was merely the simile of my mother,' whispered she, still more softly. The tale is far more horrible and perilous.'

The conductor gave the signal, the introduction to the second act commenced, and the stranger rose in order to leave the box. The duchess had taken leave of him, but in vain did he look around for the ambassador; he had long since returned to his own box. Undecided whether he should turn to the right or the left, he remained in the corridor, when a warm hand was laid on his; he looked up, and beheld Count Troniersky.

6

'So I saw aright,' exclaimed the count. My major, my brave major! How everything revives in me again! I throw away these thirteen unhappy years; I am the gay lancer as before. Long live Poniatowsky! Long live the emp-'

'Count!' interrupted the stranger, 'think of where you are. Why conjure up these shadows? They are past with their times; let the dead rest.'

'Rest,' rejoined the other, that is exactly what I cannot do. Oh, that I were among the dead!-how softly and calmly should I rest! They sleep, my brave Poles, and no voice, however powerful, awakens them more. Why should I alone not rest ?'

A gloomy, restless fire burned in the eyes of the handsome man; his lips closed with a bitter expression; his friend looked at him with an anxious interest. He no longer saw the happy and heroic youth, as he had once seen him, at the head of the regiment, in the days of his good fortune. That confiding, winning smile, which once so attracted him, had given way to an irritable and bitter expression; the eyes, before so full of proud confidence, of kind feeling, which looked around with so much freedom and candour, seemed to examine every object with mistrust, and to wish as if to pierce through it; that faint red which overspread his cheeks, was now no more than the reflection of that youthful bloom, which had acquired for him in the salons of Paris the name of the handsome Pole. Yet, notwithstanding this great change which time and evil fortune had engendered, one was forced to grant that there were many excuses for the Princess Sophia.

"You look at me, major,' said the count, after a pause - you contemplate me as if you would once more find old times in my features. Give yourself no such useless trouble; they are become other than they were. Why should man not alter with his circumstances ?' 'I do not find you much changed,' answered the stranger; I knew you again at the first glance. But there is one thing I do not find in you as formerly. From your eyes

has disappeared that kind of confidingness, which used to make me so glad. Alexander Troniersky seems to me to confide no longer. And yet,' he added, smiling, ' my spirit was always near him; I knew even the secrets of his heart.' Of my poor heart ? rejoined the count, much affected. 'I scarcely know whether I have still a heart, did it not sometimes beat from sadness. What thoughts would you discover there except unchangeable friendship for yourself, major? Upbraid not my eyes because they are joyful no longer. I have withdrawn into myself; I have placed my confidence in my right-in my impression, you will say, that I am always the same man as ever.'

'I believe so; but how is it that I cannot comprehend the thoughts of your heart? You say it beats only because of sadness. What, then, has a princely girl done, that your heart should beat so sadly?'

The count became pale; he pressed the hand of his friend strongly in his. 'Be silent,' he exclaimed; not another syllable about this. I know-I understand what you mean; I will even confess that you have seen aright. The devil has given you eyes, major. Yet, why entreat an honourable man like you to be silent? None of the eighth regiment ever yet betrayed his comrades.'

You are right; but, although none of the eighth ever betrayed his comrade, has no comrade betrayed himself ?' Come hither towards this staircase,' whispered the count, as several persons now approached. Does any one except you suspect?'

'When you will give confidence for confidence, I will then confess.'

'Torment me not, major. I will afterwards tell you whatever you will: but, quick, say whether any one besides yourself

'I will rescue him!' exclaimed his friend; and Count Troniersky placed his arm around him, pressed him warmly to his breast, and then hastened away from hi along the corridor.

It is well that I have met you,' exclaimed Count Troniersky, as, on the following day, he encountered the major in the streets; 'I wanted you, to speak to you about a small favour

Which I promised to do you yesterday?' replied the other. "Will you accompany me to my hotel? It is there ready for you.'

'No gold at present,' interrupted the count; you kill me with such prosaic stuff. I am in a divine humourtuned above the earth. Oh, my friend, I have told the angel that people have observed us; I have told her that I will fly, for to be near her, and not to speak to her-not to worship her, is to me impossible.'

'And may I know what she replied?'

'She is perfectly tranquil about it—she is greater than such mean people. What of it?' said she. People can say no ill of us; and, if they ever discover our circumstances, I must for once play some silly trick. Where lives one who has not so done at some time or other?''

'A sound philosophy,' observed the major. No one can think more sensibly in such a situation, for assuredly they are worst advised who fancy they can blind the eyes of all others. But may I ask another question? Do you see your lady alone, for what you have told me could scarcely have been discussed last night while 'Don Juan' was played.'

'We see each other,' said the other, hastily; yes, we meet, but where, I may not say, nor, as I live, shall people Major Larun now related that he had arrived in the find it out. But for any length of time, I foresee it mytown that day-that, his despatches having been exa- self, this cannot last. For this reason, I am always ready mined by the ambassador, he had been taken to the opera, for flight, comrade, and your aid must save me, should my and there, as he gazed enraptured at the princess, the lady gold run short. But that concerns the future; let us toof the ambassador had told him that Sophia was entangled day sip the nectar of the precious present. I will be happy in an attachment beneath her rank. You entered the-nay, divine, though it must soon have an end.' princess's box, and a look revealed to me that none but you could be the lover.'

'The ambassador's lady!' exclaimed the count. 'She stated this. If I err not, she also spoke of a certain marshal's lady, from whom she heard the report.' The count in silence gazed for some minutes straight before him. He seemed to struggle with himself, and then looked timidly aside more than once at the stranger. 'Major,' said he, at last, in a faint voice, 'can you lend me a hundred napoleons?'

The major was surprised at this request. He had expected that his friend would have complained a little about his ill-luck, as is usual on such occasions; and now he looked at the count in astonishment.

'I am a fugitive,' continued the other. I believed that at length I had found a place of repose, where I might take a little, little rest, since I must love-must be loved, major-and how loved!' He had tears in his eyes; but be conquered himself, and added, in a quicker voice, 'It is a strange request which I make to you, after so long a separation; but I am not ashamed to beg, comrade. Do you remember the last famous days in the north-do you remember the days of Moscow ?'

'I remember,' said the stranger, while his eyes sparkled and his cheeks took a higher colour.

'And do you recollect how the Russian battery led up to the redoubt; how their shot whistled among our ranks, and the traitor Piolzky sounded the retreat?'

*Ha!' interrupted the stranger, in a threatening voice. And how you shot him down, major, so that he never drew another breath; how the hussars moved right onwards as you shouted Forward! forward, lancers of the eighth!' and in five minutes the cannons were ours? You remember it ?' said the count, with emotion. Well, I command again to the front. It is necessary for a comrade to hew his way out. Would you rescue him? En atant, major! Forward, brave lancer; will you rescue him, comrade?'

'How, then, can I serve you?' asked the major. 'If I do not mistake, you were coming to seek me.'

"You are right; I was so. It was on this account I was on my way,' answered the other, after he had considered a while: 'Sophia knows that you are my friend. I told her of you before this, especially of the story of the bridge over the Beresino, where you took me up beside you on the black horse. She spoke to you last night, and spoke of Othello-is it not true? The grand duchess will not permit it to be played, on account of some tale or other, of which I know nothing.'

They were very mysterious on the subject,' interrupted his friend, and, as it appeared to me, the duchess will certainly not permit it to be represented.'

'And yet I have prevailed,' answered the count. 'The princess begged and implored, and that I could not behold even for a moment without coming to her assistance. The duchess gave permission. She said, though with a very distressed expression and a lengthened countenance, that the piece should be given; but, as she left, she again exclaimed, 'You may give up the play for lost, for, although Othello stands now upon the bills, the Desdemona will become sick.''

'You have done well,' exclaimed the major, laughing. 'Yes, Sophia is beside herself for joy, that she has got her wish. I am now on my way to the manager of the opera. I shall bring him four hundred crowns, that the representation may not be hindered by any pecuniary drawbacks, and you must accompany me.'

But will it not appear remarkable that you should be the bearer of the money from the Princess Sophia ?'

'That is cared for. We bring it as a collection from some friends of taste. Represent yourself to be a dilletante, or enthusiast of some kind, or what will pass for such in our affair. The manager resides near this, and is an old and honest odd sort of fellow, whom we shall soon win over. Here, round the corner, my friend: do you see that little green house, with the bow-window?'

WHO IS THE USEFUL MAN?

form the habit of reflection, than a year's study in the schools without them. A reflecting mind is not a flower that grows wild, or comes up of its own accord. The difficulty is, indeed, greater than many, who mistake quick recollections for thought, are disposed to admit; but how much less than it would be, had we not been born and bred in a Christian and Protestant land, very few of us are sufficiently aware. Truly may, and thankfully ought, we to exclaim with the psalmist, The entrance of thy words giveth light: giveth understanding even to the simple.'

MANUFACTURE OF STEEL PENS.

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The great essentials of religious usefulness are pureness of life, constant activity, and firm reliance in God. Very erroneous estimates are made of the comparative usefulness of different individuals. One judges that he whose lips are eloquent, and whose feet are swift, and whose hands seem to have a species of religious ubiquity, is accomplishing vast good. Perhaps he doing more evil than good. There may be sinuosities of life, which destroy respect for his character. Self-seeking may be so glaring that none can love him; or he may be one who knows little about prayerful trust in God. A defect in either of these respects is radical. Too much may be attributed to the usefulness of one whose character is prinSteel pens are almost entirely manufactured by women cipally negative. He has no marked and prominent faults. and young girls; and, probably, out of the 2000 persons He does nothing ostentatiously or obtrusively, and men or upwards now engaged in the business, not above 100 or generally speak well of him. If we were to inquire why 150 are of the male sex. The manufacture of pen-holders, they praise him, perhaps the most they could say would and that of pen-boxes, give employment to an additional be, He is an inoffensive, harmless man.' We may err in number of women and children, variously estimated at judging of the usefulness of men by the position which froom 200 to 400 persons. About the year 1820 or 1821, they occupy. If prominent, and attended with much eclat, the first gross of three slit' steel pens was sold, wholethe multitude think that man excelling most others in in- sale, at the rate of £7:4s. the gross. In 1830, they had fluence and usefulness. It may be so, and it may be far fallen to 8s., and in 1832, to 6s. the gross. A better otherwise. The prominence of his position gives emphasis article is now sold at 6d. per gross. One factory alone to his acts; and if men see almost as many foibles as in Birmingham produces them at the rate of no less than virtues, and as much that is indiscreet as that is wise and 40,000 gross, or 6,760,000 in a week-very nearly a true, they may not, after all, be much the better for his million, or 960,000 per working day, or 289,528,000 per influence. It may be that another person, whom the annum. At the very lowest calculation, Birmingham proworld knoweth not, and whose name will never be blazoned duces 1000 millions per annum. The cheapest pens are or chronicled, is exerting an influence, silent, deep, and sold as low as 2d. per gross, wholesale; and the price permanent, that will endure and increase through many and 53. per gross. Birmingham produces them all, and rises with the elasticity and finish of the pen up to 3s. 6d. years, and in successive generations. He is noiselessly, but actively and vigorously, prosecuting plans of useful- one establishment has the distinctive marks of 500 differness; and every step and action is accompanied with ent dealers in all parts of the country, as well as on the prayer. While he is constantly moving forward, he is as continents of Europe and America, for whom he manufacconstantly looking upward. He moves carefully-thought-tures, according to order. The sheets of steel, received fully-circumspectly. What is done by his labours, and from Sheffield, are reduced to the requisite tenuity by sucin answer to his prayers, is not undone by the obliquities cessive transits through the rolling-mill operations, tended of his life and conversation. The harmony of living, la- by men and boys. bouring, and praying the power of example, works, and faith united-these give symmetry to the Christian man,

and efficiency and success to his endeavours for the highest usefulness.-Baptist Banner.

GOLDEN RULES OF LIFE.

All the air and the exercise in the universe, and the most generous and liberal table, but poorly suffice to maintain human stamina, if we neglect other co-operatives -namely, the obedience to the laws of abstinence and those of ordinary gratification. We rise with a headache, and we set about puzzling ourselves to know the cause. We then recollect that we had a hard day's fag, or that we feasted over-bounteously, or that we staid up very late; at all events we incline to find out the fault, and then call ourselves fools for falling into it. Now, this is an occurrence happening almost every day; and these are the points that run away with the best portion of our life, before we find out what is good or evil. Let any single individual review his past life: how instantaneously the blush will cover his cheek when he thinks of the egregious errors he unknowingly committed-say unknowingly, because it never occurred to him that they were errors, until the effects followed that betrayed the cause.

All

our sickness and ailments, and a brief life, mainly depend upon ourselves. There are thousands who practise errors day after day, and whose pervading thought is, that every thing which is agreeable and pleasing cannot be hurtful. The slothful man loves his bed; the toper his drink, be cause it throws him into an exhilarative and exquisite mood; the gourmand makes his stomach his god; and the sensualist thinks his joys imperishable. So we go on, and at last we stumble and break down. We then begin to reflect, and the truth stares us in the face, how much we are to blame. An hour of solicitude, passed in sincere and earnest prayer, or the conflict with and conquest over a single passion or 'subtle bosom sin,' will teach us more of thought, will more effectually awaken the faculty and

When reduced to the thinness of a

steel pen, length about 2 feet, breadth 24 to 3 inches, the sheets are ready for punching out the blanks. This process is performed with great rapidity-one girl, of average

industry and dexterity, being able to punch out about 100 gross a-day. The next operation is to place the blank in a concave die, on which a slight touch from a convex punch produces the requisite shape-that of the semi-tube. The slits and apertures to increase the elasticity, and the maker's or vender's name or mark, are produced by a similar tool. Previously, however, the pen undergoes a variety of other processes. When complete all but the slit, it is soft and pliable, and may be bent or twisted in the hand like a piece of thin lead. Being collected in 'grosses,' or 'great grosses,' the pens are thrown into little iron square boxes by men, and placed in a furnace, where they remain till box and pens are of a white heat. They are then taken out, and thrown hissing hot into pails or tanks of oil, when they may be broken like so many wafers; after draining, they are made to revolve rapidly in a perforated cylinder.-Morning Chronicle.

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THE THEORY, PRACTICE, AND CAPABILITIES

OF INSURANCE.

CHAPTER VIIL-LIFE ASSURANCE AND SAVINGS' BANKS. LIFE Assurance is to the middle classes even more than a Savings Bank is to the poor. The benefit in the latter case is the guarantee of a large rate of interest, as an inducement to lay by the occasional surplus earnings of labour; and thus, it is true, have many of the industrious poor laid by for a rainy day, and accustomed themselves to the habit of careful and systematic prudence. There is, however, no guarantee here that the first earning shall not be the last. But to the middle classes, to those living not on weekly wages, but on annual income, the double inducement is held out to lay by a small portion of this annual income, by the assurance, that, even should the first payment, in consequence of death, be the last, it will realise the same benefit as a long life of similar savings. It is truly desirable that the savings' banks should be made subservient to some scheme of life assurance for the labouring classes, and that this should be made a very part and parcel of all such institutions, so that the mechanic may at once have suggested to him this most advisable of all modes of investing his savings. This could easily be accomplished by the savings' bank always offering the option to their contributors of subscribing their small weekly instalments as payments on account of premium, the bank securing themselves by an arrangement with a life office: else the life offices might impose on themselves the task of receiving weekly premiums. A contribution of a shilling a-week should secure £100 on the death of a man of 30. We cannot state the case more simply. There are thousands of mechanics who would gladly make this weekly payment for such a provision for their families; and, in the case of large factories, the proprietor or manufacturer could not bestow a greater boon upon his people, than to organise a system whereby a small deduction from the weekly wages should guarantee this prospective benefit on the decease of the workman, the master thus becoming, as it were, a savings' bank, as well as insurance company, to his men.

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in a house or other property, to have the preference. Thereafter, by purchasing at too high a rate, with sundry fines and penalties, and payments of heavy interest, the borrower frequently finds himself heavily burdened.

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Very lately, a wiser and more scientific procedure and principle have been adopted-that of an annuity certain, as the legitimate substitute for a rent, whether at will or on a lease of years-an application of what we have designated the Freehold Assurance' principle. The sum of £10 a-year, paid for 14 years, will replace £100 advanced, with interest. The real value of a property is thus met in the course of that time by so many payments of 10 per cent. The capitalist has his capital replaced, and the lender in this case, being a society composed of persons conjoined for mutual benefit, is, of course, amply satisfied; while the tenant or individual member of this corporation, which is the landlord in the aggregate, is thus assisted, or rather assists himself, gradually to approach to the position and respectability of a freeholder.

If the tenant landlord, for so each member may be called, fears that in the course of six or seven years he may have contributed half the amount, and may then, by death or incapacity, be arrested in this course of prudent foresight, he may secure to his heirs the whole benefit, by insuring his life for half or two-thirds of the amount for 14 years, or for the period estimated by the Society.

The subject of Building Societies is exhausted in the comprehensive treatise by Mr Scratchley, to which we make reference elsewhere.

CHAPTER X.--FREEHOLD ASSURANCE AND CO OPERATIVE
COLONISATION.

Freehold Assurance, as we have elsewhere observed, is the name given to a proposed extension of the Life Assurance principle to tenancy and colonisation, the object being to commute rents into a series of reproductive payments, ultimately establishing an ownership on the part of the tenant cultivator, by replacing the original proprietor's capital with a profit interest.

for all his children, is divided in some proportion among those children; and how is the eldest, or whoever succeeds to the lease, to continue the cultivation on the same scale as his father? He must sink at once, if Life Assurance shall not have provided him with the necessary amount of investment, into an agriculturist of a lower grade; and thus it is that society often suffers as well as the individual.

A yeoman farmer, we will suppose, is prosperous enough, cultivates his farm with adequate capital, and bequeaths a fair property among his children. Why should But, as it is, let the middle classes largely take advan-he insure his life? His property, if he has a due regard tage of the system, and their prudent foresight will react upon the interests and welfare of those below them. Life assurance possesses the capability of securing to the families of the middle classes permanently the position which otherwise they might only temporarily enjoy. The result of an extensive adoption of the system would be, therefore, to preclude that merging of the younger members of the middle class among the ranks of the poorer portions of the community, thereby adding to the misery of the lower orders by crowding the labour market; and that this result is now-a-days too frequent hardly needs argument, for the last few years have witnesssd the unforeseen ruin and destruction of many families in all ranks, and the consequent social degradation of many thousands. A statesman-like organisation might, by means of Life Assurance, all but annihilate the pauperism of the ablebodied.

CHAPTER IX.-BUILDING SOCIETIES AND LIFE ASSURANCE.

The object of the sundry Benefit Building Societies, established within the last eight or nine years, is extremely important; but the principles on which they have been founded have not in all cases been unexceptionable. The most frequently adopted rule of action has been to trade apon the necessities of the borrowing members. The object being ostensibly to enable every man who rents a house, or farm, or shop, to become the freeholder of it by a limited number of annual payments, the opportunity of doing so is held forth by these societies in this way :-Instead of paying a rent of £30, begin to pay us an annual contribution for ten years of £40 or £45, and, as soon as sufficient funds are in hand, we shall set up certain sums or advances to auction; he that will make the greatest sacrifices for the advance, which is to be at once invested

The application, therefore, of the assurance principle to colonisation purposes is very obvious, involving and conducing to a system which would greatly tend to the benefit of the farmer tenant, as well as, in many instances, to that of the landlord himself; and, on an imperial scale, it would, in time, substitute a self-supporting and independent organisation of yeomanry for the degradation of charity and pauperism.

The principle of modern colonisation is, or ought to be, to adapt wild lands to the purposes of civilised life; by physical preparation and moral provision, to promote a due concentration of labour and capital, and to recover the investment with a profit from the enhanced value of the lands. An acre of colonial wilderness worth a shilling may by a railway, for example, be made worth a pound, or even worth pounds sterling. The man of money, as well as the labourer, is thus largely benefited, the former finding a field for his capital, with the necessary means and appliances of progress and development, and the other obtaining a certain and immediate opportunity of remunerative employment. But, at present, the moderate capitalist-the yeoman, the true mainstay of every country-is hardly considered, for his moderate means are swallowed up in the first cost of the land; or, on the other hand, he is called upon, at a lease, to bring worthless land into value for the sole benefit of the landlord.

Now, by the system of freehold insurance, it is proposed to meet his case, by giving, in return for a guaranteed premium, an immediate possession in land, ready to be profitably occupied, instead of an equivalent amount of money at death-immediate acres instead of prospective pounds. Thus A, instead of paying £2: 10s. a-year, to secure £100 to his family at death, pays and guarantees that premium during his life, or for such period as may be agreed on, for an immediate possession, in freehold, of a hundred acres of cleared land upon the line of a colonial railway; paying also, of course, legal interest on the value of the land. His moderate capital is sufficient to provide him with all the other necessaries of a colonist, and the improvement of his land would seem to be the best of all securities to the company or colonial legislature who supplied him with the land. The mortgage of national territory thus systematically allocated, would, moreover, supply all the necessary funds in the outset for its physical development.

The practical application of this principle to the formation of Mutual Benefit Emigration and Building Societies is sufficiently obvious. Such associations (it has been suggested by Mr Scratchley), after the manner of the better sort of the Benefit Building Societies, should receive monthly subscriptions from investing members of, say 10s. per share, each subscription of 10s. per month, continued for thirteen years, amounting, at 4 per cent., to £100. Half or quarter shares might also be issued, and payments received in advance, subject to discount.

In consideration of such subscription, each member should be entitled, at option, either as a Borrower, to enter into immediate possession, on mortgage, of an allotment of land; his account, as an investor, to be then closed (the sum of his payments being made a set-off from the value charged to him in the shape of land), and the amount repaid with pront interest by instalments, by way of life annuity, or by annuity certain for such period as may be agreed on; or, as an Incestor, to the accumulation of his subscriptions with compound interest, and with share of profits at the termination of his membership; such proportion of the amount subscribed being laid out in adaptation and improvement as may, from time to time, be found practicable or expedient. The colonist receiving possession on mortgage, in consideration of an annuity certain, may, of course, secure the absolute reversion to his family, in the event of his premature decease, by a temporary life assurance.

only put off when he placed his wig upon his bald head, on going out. Strangely contrasted with this homely dishabille of the old man, was a modern, tight-fitting frockcoat, and wide, many-plaited trousers. They showed that the manager, in spite of his sixty years of age, was not dead to the vanities of the world. On his feet he wore wide, well-worn, furred shoes, in which he moved about the room apparently without lifting his legs. The friends approached him as he glided towards them on his skates.

The wish of their highnesses has been already announced to me,' said the manager, as the count made him aware of the object of their visit. 'I know already about this affair; it shall not fail through me; my peculiar object is to delight their highnesses' ears in the most choice way, but-but I must nevertheless venture to submit some counter representations.'

'How? You will not perform this opera?' exclaimed the count.

Ah! that were an open declaration of mischief to their highnesses' family! No! no! But if my word was of any value in the matter, this unhappy piece should never be given.'

'I never could have imagined,' rejoined the count, 'that a man such as you would be caught by a vulgar delusion. With astonishment and admiration, in my earliest youth, did I hear of your name in a distant country; you were called the king of singers. I burned with curiosity to see so celebrated a man; I beg of you, do not mar so famous a portrait by such imbecility.'

The old man appeared to be flattered; a pleasant smile flitted over his softened countenance, he placed his hand in his pocket, and crossed the room several times upon his furred shoes.

'You are too kind, you do me too much honour,' he exclaimed; 'yes, we were something in our time, now it has surely come to an end. Superstition, you are pleased to say; I should be ashamed of myself to indulge in any superstition; but, where there are facts, the discourse cannot be of superstition.'

'Facts?' exclaimed the friends, with one voice. 'Yes, honoured sirs, facts. You seem not to belong to this town or country, since you know not of them!'

'I have certainly heard of such a tale,' said the major. If I do not mistake, there must be a fire every time that Othello is performed, and—'

'A fire? I would rather there was always a fire; we can extinguish a fire; we have insurances against fires; Such a system as this might be made most efficiently finally, we may bear up against the poverty occasioned by subservient in the hands, or under the auspices, of her fire-but to die? No! that is a far more perilous case.' Majesty's government, to the constitution of a continuous 'To die? You say, some one shall die?' channel of investment for small savings on freehold secu- 'Yes; that is no mystery!' answered the manager. 'As rity, home and colonial, and at the same time afford an often as Othello is given, some one of their highnesses' unprecedented stimulus to a healthy colonisation, the in-house must die, and that within eight days.' vestors having the option of settling as possessors and cultivators of small farms in fee simple. While it is comparatively easy to invest £1000 or £10,000 profitably, a great difficulty and great expense is incurred in making a permanent and safe investment of small sums, which accordingly find their way almost exclusively into savings' banks, whence the investor has always the temptation of too great a facility to withdraw them for unproductive expenditure.

It is a great truth, beginning to be recognised, that England and her colonies require to be administered, rather than Englishmen and colonists to be governed. A practical faith in a Christian colonisation would surmount, if it did not remove, the mountain of crime and pauperism.

OTHELLO.

СНАР. ІІ.

THE manager of the opera was a little thin man. At an earlier period of life he was famous as a singer, and now, in his old age, reposed upon his laurels. He received the count and the major with a certain artistic elevation and dignity, the effect of which was somewhat destroyed by his singular dress. He wore a black Florentine cap, which he

The friends rose in horror from their seats, for the prophetic and determined tone in which the old man pronounced these words had something fearful in it; but they directly resumed them, and broke forth in loud laughter at their own discomfiture, which, however, did not bring the singer to his presence of mind.

"You laugh,' said he; I must therefore prove it. If you are not otherwise engaged, I will let you inspect the records of the theatre, in which, for a hundred and twenty years, the recorder of the day has written.'

The theatrical records! let us inspect them,' exclaimed the count; there the matter must be set down as a jest;' and forthwith the manager glided with unusual activity to his chamber, whence he returned with a folio volume bound in leather and brass. He placed a pair of large bone spectacles on his nose, and turned over the leaves of the record.

'Observe,' said he, 'the following. First, here stands, in the year 1740, on the 8th of December, the actress Charlotte Fandauerin was smothered in the theatre of this place. On this occasion the tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice, by Shakspere, was represented. Charlotte Fandauerin played the part of Desdemona, and was by means of the bedclothes, which were to be the cause of her

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