the lively image of our great Creator; for when God had made our first parent, "he breathed into his nostrils the "breath of life," Gen. ii. 7, that we might thereby understand, that our souls alone proceeded from his immediate hand; therefore he is named the Father of Spirits, Heb. xii. and the faithful Creator of souls, 1 Pet. iv. This soul raises us a degree above all animals, and above the celestial bodies, and renders us like the angels of heaven. It is the light that enlightens us, the salt that preserves us from corruption. In one word, by this soul we live, enjoy our senses, move and understand. As soon as this angelical guest leaves its mansion, the body, it loseth all its beauty, and falls of itself into a state of ruin; for this flesh that we are so careful of, and feed with all manner of danties, then corrupts and rots. After that it hath been stretched awhile upon beds of gold, and richly attired in purple and scarlet, it is cast upon a bed of worms, and covered with the vilest insects of the earth. Notwithstanding all its former perfumes, it yields then a most horrid smell; before it ravished the eyes of the beholders with its admirable beauty; but now it becomes so odious and offensive, that the living care not to see it. It is at last reduced to ashes, according to the sentence that was pronounced in the earthly paradise. "Dust thou art, "and unto dust thou shalt return."

The spiritual death is the separation of the soul from God our creator; for he being the soul of our souls, and the light of our life, we fall into an abyss of darkness and death: "For all those that depart from God shall "perish," Psal. lxxiii. As the members when they are cut off from the body, commonly rot; as the twig withers, when it is separated from the vine; so, in a separation

from God, we can neither live, move, nor have a being. And as it is with the body separated from the soul, it nourishes a nest of worms that devour it, and sends forth a most insufferable stench, so it is with our soul at a distance from God: it yields those evil affections that torment and consume it; and the ill scent of its crimes is offensive to heaven and earth. Of this kind of death our Saviour speaks to the Jews in this manner: "If you do not believe that I am he, you shall die in "your sins," John viii. And to the angel of the church at Sardis, "Thou hast a name that thou livest, and art "dead," Rev. iii. The same death St. Paul mentions in the second chapter of the Colossians, and the second chapter of the Ephesians; "When we are dead in our "trespasses and sins, God hath quickened us together "with Christ." And elsewhere he exhorts a sinful man, "Awake thou that sleepest, and arise from the "dead and Christ shall give thee light," Eph. v. And it is of the same kind of death that St. Paul speaks concerning the wanton widow, that "she is dead while "she liveth," 1 Tim. v.

It was this kind of death that Adam suffered as soon as he had tasted of the forbidden fruit, according to God's threatening: "In the day thou eatest thereof thou "shalt surely die." For not only his body became mortal and subject to rottenness, but his soul also was involved in the death of sin, and enslaved to corruption. It happened to him as to a lamp, which is no sooner put out, than it diffuses a most noisome scent.

As the life of grace is a preparative to the life of glory, and furnishes us with the foretaste of the heavenly joys; so, on the contrary, the carnal life is as it were, the suburbs of hell; it is the first beginning of an eter

nal death, and the entrance into the infernal pit. The eternal death is nothing else but an entire and irrecoverable separation of the soul and body from God, accompanied with infinite torments; torments, indeed, unto which all the sufferings of this mortal life are light and inconsiderable: nevertheless as the spirit of God represents the heavenly joys and felicities by things that are most pleasant and delightful; so, to express to us hell-torments, it borrows things that are the most dreadful and painful in this life: We are told of an "abyss or furnace full of flames, a bottomless pit burn"ing with fire and brimstone." The scripture mentions "chains of darkness, an eternal light, and an hell-fire, "where there are weeping and gnashing of teeth." It tells us that, "Tophet is ordained of old, yea, for the "king it is prepared, he hath made it deep and large: "The pile thereof is fire and much wood: the breath "of the Lord, like a stream of brimstone doth kindle "it," Isa. xxx. 33.

Fancy to yourselves a man devoured with worms, burning in hot flames, in continual torments, in whose wounds kindled brimstone is poured out without intermission, with boiling lead, and burning pitch; if there be any other pains more sharp and grievous, fancy them also. All this will give us but a little and imperfect image of the state of hell; for all the pangs of the body are nothing in comparison to the horrors, troubles, and incredible griefs that shall forever rack and torture the damned souls.

As shame aggravates our sufferings, and renders them more terrible, the damned shall be loaded with shame and infamy to all eternity; their names shall be hateful to God and his holy angels, and they shall be

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cursed with an endless curse.

And as it is an increase

to our torment to suffer in the company of abominable varlets, and to become a companion of the most infamous rascals; they shall suffer with hell's executioner, and shall be sent to the fire prepared for the devil and his angels. All their senses shall share in these horrid torments; they shall be crushed in the wine-press of God's eternal wrath, and they shall feel for ever and ever the strokes of God's vengeance, and of his almighty hand. They shall then learn, by experience, what a terrible thing it is to fall into the hands of the living God, and how insufferable that fire is, that shall consume his enemies. Their eyes shall perceive nothing but the bottomless pit, the devil's image, and the furies of hell; their ears shall hear nothing but the horrible outcries, and fearful roarings of tormented devils and damned souls. They shall be choaked with the noisome smell and fumes of the bottomless pit: they shall then drink the very dregs and bottom of God's anger and indignation, and they shall suck the venom of his arrows "fire and brimstone shall be the portion of "their cup."

The sufferings of this life are but short, and for a moment; but the torments of the damned shall never end; "Their worm dieth not, and their fire shall never be "quenched," Mark ix. Rev. xx. They shall be tormented day and night to all eternity. When they shall have suffered as many thousand ages, as there be drops of water in the sea, or grains of sand on the shore, it shall be but as the beginning of their grief. They shall live forever to die continually; and they shall die, and never be consumed. In the midst of these hot flames, they shall beg a drop of water to cool their tongue,

Luke xvi; but we may say of the fire that shall torture the damned, what the spouse in the Canticles saith of the divine love that had inflamed her soul: "Many wa"ters cannot quench it, neither can the floods drown it," Cant. viii. And St. Paul tells us, "That the things "that God hath prepared for them that love him, eye "hath not seen, ear hath not heard, nor did it ever en"ter into the heart of man," 1 Cor. ii. So, on the contrary, we may say, that those things that God hath prepared for them that hate him, "eye hath not seen, ear "hath not heard, nor did it ever enter into the heart of "man." From hence shall proceed their rage, madness, and despair: they shall cry in Cain's language,

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My punishment is greater than I can bear," Gen. iv. When they shall see nothing but an extreme misery and woful darkness, they shall curse God the king of all creatures, Isa. viii. In their fury and rage they will bite their tongues, and blaspheme the great God of heaven and earth. It had been far better for such persons, that they had never been born; therefore they shall seek death and shall not find it. Matth. xxvi. They shall desire to die, that is, to be reduced to nothing, Rev. ix. But this death shall fly from them: Who of you can dwell in eternal flames? Rev. vi. If the phials and little cups full of God's wrath force the wicked to cry out, how much more shall the rivers and the ocean of God's vengeance dra wfrom them? "O mountains, fall on us, "O rocks cover us, and hide us from the face of him "that sits upon the throne, and from the wrath of the "Lamb; for the day of his wrath is come, and who may "abide it?" But as they have stopped their ears to God's gracious calls, and hardened their hearts to his invitation to repentance, God shall also stop his ear to their

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