Logic, Deductive and Inductive |
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Common terms and phrases
affirmative analogy antecedent Aristotle assertion attributes basis causal causal relation cause classification color combination common complex concept conclusion connection consciousness consequent contrapositive conversion coördinated corresponding deduction definition denial determined differentiation disjunctive disjunctive proposition disjunctive syllogism distinction distributed distribution of terms division effect elements empirical ence enthymeme essential experience expressed fact fallacy false force function genus give given ground heat hypothesis hypothetical idea illicit major illustration indefinite induction inference interpretation investigation kind known law of contradiction law of identity logical major premise means ment merely method of agreement method of difference middle term mind moods Moreover nature negative not-x not-y number of instances object observed particular perception phenomena phenomenon possible principle produce proposition proved question reality reason reference regarded render result sciences scientific significance similar species sphere subject and predicate substance syllogism theory thought tion true truth underlying undistributed validity variation various
Popular passages
Page 259 - Newton generalized the law of attraction into a statement that every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other particle with a force which varies directly as the product of their masses and inversely as the square of the distance between them; and he thence deduced the law of attraction for spherical shells of constant density.
Page 249 - If two or more instances in which the phenomenon occurs have only one circumstance in common, while two or more instances in which it does not occur have nothing in common save the absence of that circumstance, the circumstance in which alone the two sets of instances differ is the effect, or the cause, or an indispensable part of the cause, of the phenomenon.
Page 218 - If an instance in which the phenomenon under investigation occurs, and an instance in which it does not occur, have every circumstance in common save one, that one occurring only in the former; the circumstance in which alone the two instances differ is the effect, or the cause, or an indispensable part of the cause, of the phenomenon.
Page 161 - The only proof capable of being given that an object is visible, is that people actually see it. The only proof that a sound is audible, is that people hear it: and so of the other sources of our experience. In like manner, I apprehend, the sole evidence it is possible to produce that anything is desirable, is that people do actually desire it.
Page 406 - If any impression gives rise to the idea of self, that impression must continue invariably the same, through the whole course of our lives; since self is supposed to exist after that manner. But there is no impression constant and invariable. Pain and pleasure, grief and joy, passions and sensations succeed each other, and never all exist at the same time. It cannot, therefore, be from any of these impressions, or from any other, that the idea of self is derived; and consequently there is no such...
Page 406 - THERE are some philosophers who imagine we are every moment intimately conscious of what we call our self; that we feel its existence and its continuance in existence; and are certain, beyond the evidence of a demonstration, both of its perfect identity and simplicity.
Page 192 - Inductio enim, quae procedit per enumerationem simplicem, res puerilis est, et precario concludit, et periculo exponitur ab instantia contradictoria, et plerumque secundum pauciora quam par est, et ex his tantummodo quae praesto sunt, pronunciat.
Page 431 - In affirming that the growth of the body is mechanical, and that thought, as exercised by us, has its correlative in the physics of the brain, I think the position of the " Materialist " is stated as far as that position is a tenable one. I think the materialist will be able finally to maintain this position against all attacks ; but I do not think, as the human mind is at present constituted, that he can pass beyond it.
Page 300 - They had observed its action in weak vessels and were unduly impressed by its disasters. But they might with equal justice point to exploded boilers as an argument against the use of steam. Bounded and conditioned by cooperant Reason, imagination becomes the mightiest instrument of the scientific discoverer. Newton's passage from a falling apple to a falling moon was, at the outset, a leap of the imagination.
Page 283 - ... effects on the shores of South America of the intermittent elevation of the land, together with denudation and the deposition of sediment. This necessarily led me to reflect much on the effects of subsidence, and it was easy to replace in imagination the continued deposition of sediment by the upward growth of corals. To do this was to form my theory of the formation of barrier-reefs and atolls.