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their own magistrate, the president of the division, of the county, the district, or the chief president, are given in the village ball. In elections for divisions, the magistrate of each village, in their respective divisions, takes up the votes of the village to the division-house, and adds them to the poll, with the name of the village, and the number for each candidate. In elections for counties, the presidents of divisions receive the votes from the several village magistrates, and take them up to the county-house, and add them to the poll. In elections for districts, the presidents of counties receive the votes from the presidents of divisions, who have received them from the village magistrates, and add them to the poll at the district-house. And, in like manner, at the election of the chief president, the magistrates of villages give in the votes of their respective villages to the presidents of the divisions, who give those of their divisions to the presidents of the counties, who give those of the counties to the presidents of the districts, who also take those of the districts to the government-house. The result of the election is declared in all these elections by the presidents who last receive the votes. The presidents of divisions and counties are also the representatives of divisions and counties in their respective assemblies.

"We thus prevent the bustle and inconvenience of numerous meetings, and the trouble of voters going from home. To prevent the possibility of fraud, the result of every election above that of a village magistrate is published. I will now detail to you the method of publishing the result of the election of the chief magistrate for the country, which includes that which is required for all the rest. The youths in the schools of this village are immediately employed to copy, in a fair hand, two copies for the government house, and two for each district, containing the sum total of the poll for each candidate; and also each district total for each candidate. In the schools of the several districts, the writing youth are employed to give the great total, the district totals, and each county total, for each candidate; two copies of which are for the government-house, two for each of the district-houses, and two for each county. In the villages where the county-houses are situated, the youth

of the schools are employed to give the great total, the district totals, the county totals, and the totals of each division in their respective counties, for each candidate, two copies for each county-house, and two for each division. The divisions have, in like manner, two copies made for each village, in their respective divisions, with all the totals before enumerated, and ineluding all the village totals of their respective divisions. And each village adds to these copies, the particulars of the votes which make their village total.

Thus every degree audits its superior-the villages, the divisions; the divisions, the counties; the counties, the districts; and the districts, the chief president. And, as here all public business is transacted openly, there is neither fraud, nor even the suspicion of it.""

On the whole, we cannot exactly give our opinion in favour of the work, it being totally uninteresting, and possessing very little merit: the parts throughout appear to be imitation, instead of the originality we should expect from a book of this description.

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Narrative of the Operations and recent Discoveries within the Pyramids, Temples, Tombs, and Excavations, in Egypt and Nubia, and of a Journey to the Coast of the Red Sea, in Search of the Ancient Berenice; and another to the Oasis of Jupiter Ammon. By G. Belzoni. 4to. pp. 483.

WE feel pleasure in communicating to our readers the appearance of this useful and entertaining work it is a very curious and attractive performance, not only as it regards antiquities, but also as containing a concise account of the modern manners aud customs of the people among whom the traveller pursued his researches.

These researches took place between the years 1815 and 1819, and certainly have been prosecuted with indefatigable research and perseverance. The table of contents is very copious, and the volume is accompanied by a portrait of the author.

During his travels, he ascended the River Nile to the second Cataract, and secured several curious articles, which are now in the British Museum.

M. Belzoni, speaking of the finding of the Mammonian Bust, expresses himself thus:

"As I entered these ruins, my first thought was to examine the colossal bust I had to take away. I found it near the remains of its body and chair, with its face upwards, and apparently smiling on me, at the thought of being taken to England. I must say, that my expectations were exceeded by its beauty, but not by its size. I observed, that it must have been absolutely the same statue as is mentioned by Norden, lying in his time with its face downwards, which must have been the cause of its preservation. I will not venture to assert who separated the bust from the rest of the body by an explosion, or by whom the bust has been turned face upwards. The place where it lay was nearly in a line with the side of the main gateway into the temple; aud, as there is another colossal head near it, there may have been one on each side of the doorway, as there are to be seen at Luxor and Carnak."

Our voyager is then conducted where the sarcophagus is to be found. The janizary remained without whilst he entered with two Arabs and an Interpreter.

"Previous to our entering the cave, we took off the greater part of our clothes, and, each having a candle, advanced through a cavity in the rock, which extended a considerable length in the mountain, sometimes pretty high, sometimes very narrow, and without any regularity. In some passages we were obliged to creep on the ground, like crocodiles. I perceived, that we were at a great distance from the entrance, and the way was so intri cate, that I depended entirely on the two Arabs to conduct us out again, At length we arrived at a large space, into which many other holes or cavities opened; and after some consideration and examination by the two Arabs, we entered one of these, which was very narrow, and continued downward for a long way, through a craggy passage, till we came where two other apertures led to the interior in a horizontal direction. One of the Arabs then said, This is the place.' I could not conceive how so large a sarcophagus, as it had been described to me, could have been taken through the aperture which the Arab now pointed out. I had no doubt but these recesses were burial. places, as we continually walked over skulls and other bones: but the sarcophagus could never have entered this

recess for it was so narrow, that on my attempt to penetrate it, I could not pass. One of the Arabs, however, succeeded, as did my interpreter; and it was agreed, that I and the other Arab should wait till they returned. They proceeded evidently to a great distance, for the light disappeared, and only a murmuring sound from their voices could be distinguished as they went on. After a few moments, I heard a loud noise, and the interpreter distinctly crying, O mon Dieu ! mon Dieu! je suis perdu!" After which, a profound silence ensued. I asked my Arab, whether he had ever been in that place? He replied, 'Never.' I could not conceive what could have happened, and thought the best plan was to return, to procure help from the other Arabs. Accordingly, I told my man to shew me the way out again; but, staring at me like an idiot, he said he did not know the road. I called repeatedly to the interpreter, but received no answer: I watched a long time, but no one returned; and my situation was no very pleasant one. I naturally returned through the passages by which we had come; and, after some time, I succeeded in reach. ing the place, where, as I mentioned, were many other cavities. It was a complete labyrinth, as all these places bore a great resemblance to the one which we first entered. At last seeing one, which appeared to be the right, we proceeded through it a long way but by this time our candles had diminished considerably; and I feared, that, if we did not get out soon, we should have to remain in the dark: meantime it would have been dasgerous to put out one to save the other, lest that which was left should, by some accident, be extinguished. this time we were considerably ad vanced towards the outside, as we thought; but to our sorrow we found the end of that cavity without an outlet. Convinced that we were mistaken in our conjecture, we quickly returned towards the place of the various entries, which we strove to regain. But we were then as perplexed as ever, and were both exhaused from the ascents and descents, which we had been obliged to go over. The Arab seated himself, but every moment of delay was dangerous. The only expedient was, to put a mark at the place out of which we had just come, and then examine

At

the cavities in succession, by putting also a mark at their entrance, so as to know where we had been. Unfortunately, our candles would not last through the whole; however, we began our operations.

"On the second attempt, when pass ing before a small aperture, I thought I heard the sound of something like the roaring of the sea at a distance. In consequence I entered this cavity; and as we advanced the noise increased, till I could distinctly hear a number of voices all at one time. At last, thank God, we walked out; and to my no small surprise, the first person I saw was my interpreter. How he came to be there I could not conjecture. He told me, that, in proceeding with the Arab along the passage below they came to a pit which they did not see; that the Arab fell into it, and in falling put out both candles. It was then that he cried out, Mon Dieu! je suis perdu!' as he though he also should have fallen into the pit; but on raising his head, he saw at a great distance a glimpse of day-light, towards which he advanced, and thus arrived at a sinall aperture. He then scraped away some loose sand and stones, to widen the place where he came out, and went to give the alarm to the Arabs, who were at the other entrance. Being all concerned for the man who fell to the bottom of the pit, it was their noise that I heard in the cave. The place by which my interpreter got out was instantly widened; and in the confusion the Arabas did not regard letting me see that they were acquainted with that entrance, and that it had lately been shut up. I was not long in detecting their scheme. The Arabs had iutended to show me the sarcophagus, without letting me see the way by which it might be taken out, and then to stipulate a price for the secret, It was with this view they took me such away round about.

"I found that the sarcophagus was not in reality a hundred yards from the large entrance. The man was soon taken out of the well, but so much hurt in one of his hips, that he went lame ever after.

Our Travellers after having journeyed some distance reached Ybsamber where they ascended to Eshke, Aloanortis and Debrous, they then proceeded to Wady Halfa, the last territory be low the second cataract. We extract Europ. Mag. FAXXVI. Dec. 1820.

R

the following interesting description of this spot.

"About nine in the morning we made to the shore, as near as possible to the last cultivated land on the left, which is Wady Halfa. A few of the natives came to see us, whom I requested to bring some asses, that we might ride to the cataract, a request they complied with without any difficulty. Mrs. Belzoni and myself (the Janizary and interpreter advancing before us) proceeded as far as the day would permit us, so as to return in proper time to the bark at night. We had many views of the cataract, and in different directions. I mounted one of the rocks, to have a distant view of the deserts; and as far as I could see it is a flat country, except a few rocks that project here and there, particularly at the river's side, but they are of small dimensions. Towards the desert we saw several wild antelopes, which kept at a great distance from us. As the Nile was high, the current had not so great a fall, as when it is low; but I believe the cataract is not navigable at any time of the year. The rock forming this cataract differs from that of the first, for here is no granite, but a kind of black marble quite as hard. Some say it is black granite, but I cannot consider it as such; the grain of it is too coarse, and not so compact as that of granite.

"We returned to the bark after sunset, and immediately crossed to the island Mainarty, where we arrived åt dusk. We saw fires and people at a distance; but when we arrived we could not find any one. Their huts were left with all they had, which consisted only of dry dates, and a kind of paste made of the same, which they kept in large vases of clay baked in the sun, and covered with baskets made of palmleaves. A baking stove and a mat to sleep on were the whole of their furni ture. They had pots and leathern bags to bring water from the Nile to their lands. Their settlement consisted of four men and seven women, with two or three children. They have no communication with the main land, except when the water is low, for at any other time the current, being immediately under the cataract, is so rapid, as to render it impossible to ford it; and boats never go to these islands, seldom passing further than Wady

32

Halfa. They are poor but happy: knowing nothing of the enticing luxuries of the world, and resting content with what Providence supplies as the reward of their industry. There are a few sheep and goats, which furnish them with milk all the year round; and the few spots of land they have are well cultivated, producing a little dhourra, which forms their yearly stock of pro

vision. The wool they spin into yarn; wind the threads round little stones, and thus suspend them to a long stick fixed in an horizontal position between two trees, to form a warp; and by passing another thread alternately between these, fabricate a kind of coarse cloth, with which they cover the lower part of their bodies.

LIST OF NEW WORKS,

PUBLISHED IN NOVEMBER,

At the Prices they are advertised at, in boards, unless otherwise expressed: and may be had at the late J. ASPERNE's, No. 32, CORNHILL.

BIOGRAPHY.

The Life of Sir Mathew Hale, by Bishop Barnet, 18mo. 4s.

Memoirs of his late Majesty George III. written with a special view to the Progress of Religion, Civil and Religious Liberty, Benevolence, and General Knowledge during the late Reign, by Thomas Williams, 12me.

It must not be expected that in a work like the present, a complete History of the Life of our late revered King can be given, but as far as the size of the volume will furnish, there are references to the great events connected with his Reign, and transactions in which his Majesty took an active part. The anecdotes are numerous, and great regard appears to have been paid in the selection of those only which have the greatest authenticity, and are most interesting.

HISTORY.

Johnstone's Memoirs of the Rebellion in 1745-6, 4to. 21. 2s.

Madame de Stael on the French Revolution, 3 vols. 8vo. new edition, corrected and enlarged. 17. 16s.

VOYAGES AND TRAVELS.

Journal of a Tour in France, Switzerland, and Lombardy, 2 vols. 12mo. 8s. Remarks made during a Tour through the United States of America, in the Years 1817, 1818, and 1819, by William Tell Harris. In a Series of Letters to Friends in England, 8vo. 2s.

LAW.

Parliamentary Letters, by Thos. Bayly.

EDUCATION.

More Minor Morals; or, an Introduction to the Winter Family, with Aunt Eleanor's Stories interspersed, 12mo. 5s. 6d.

Selections of Classic Italian Poetry, from the most celebrated Works of Tasso, Ariosto, Dante, and Petrarch, for the Use of Students in the Italian Language. By T. B. Defferrari, 2 vols, 12mo. 12s.

Catechism of Classical Biography, containing an Account of the Lives of the most celebrated Characters amongst the Greeks and Romans. By C. Irving, L.L.D. Price Is.

A Catechism of Practical Chemistry, numerous, easy, interesting, and pleasing Experiments. By C. Irving, L.L.D.

Two more numbers of these very useful publications have appeared, which reflect great credit on the author for his particular care and attention in the formation of the youthful mind. They are peculiarly adapted for Schools, as well as Families where education is carrying ou.

PHILOLOGY.

Grammars of the Hebrew, Chaldee, and Syriack; embracing the method of Reading with or without points, 2s. 6d. cach; and which, with the Latin, Greek, French, and Italian Grammars, already published, 2s. 6d. each.

A Polyglott Grammar; in which the genius of the principal ancient and modern languages is explained upon an uniform plan; and by a new and simple principle of analysis, applied to the improvements of the latest and most approved grammarians; by the Rev. Frederick Nolan.

THEOLOGY.

Smith's (Dr. J. Pye) Scripture Testimony to the Messiah. Vol. 2 and 3, 8vo. 11.

Two Sermons preached at the Opening of Kenwyn New Church, on the Anniversary of the Parish Feast of Kenwyn, Oct. 8, 1820, and published at the request of the parishioners. By the Rev. R. Polwhele, Vicar of Mauaccar and St. Anthony, and Curate of Kenwyn and Kea. 8vo. Is 6d.

National Gratitude Enforced: A Sermon on the Relinquishment of the Bill of Pains and Penalties against her Majesty, preached at the Independent Chapel, Chalford, Gloucestershire, Nov. 26, 1820, by the Rev. Samuel Nichols, price is. Grotius de Veritate Religionis Christianæ, with the Notes of the Author, Le Clerc, and others, translated into English for the use of Schools, 12mo. 6s.

MATHEMATICS.

Leslie's Geometry, 4th edition, 8vo. 10s. 6d.

The Gentleman's Annual Mathematical Companion, being No. XXIV. for the Year 1821, containing answers to the last, and new ones proposed, together with some original scientific papers. Price 3s. sewed, in 12mo.

MEDICINE.

Miller's Elements of Chemistry, 8vo. 12s.

Medical Botany, or History of Plants in the Materia Medica. royal 8vo. 47. 4s.

MISCELLANEOUS.

2 vols.

Beauties of Mozart, Handle, Pleyel, Haydn, Beethoven, Rossini, &c. 4to. neatly bound, 1. 11s. 6d.

The Continuation of the Narrative of Miss Margaret M'Envoys Case. By Thomas Renwick, M.D. 8vo. 10s.

A Treatise on the Art of making good and wholesome Bread of Wheat, Oats, Rye, Barley, and other Farinaceous Grain, 12mo. 4s. 6d.

New Companion to the Calendar for the Year 1821, 78.

The Pamphleteer, being a record of the best Pamphlets on both sides of every interesting question, No. XXXIII.

In the Press.

The Philosophy of Painting. By Wolstenholme Parr.

Happiness; a Tale for the Grave and the Gay. In 2 vols. post 8vo.

A new edition of the Practice of the Customs, with considerable additions, including the New Consolidated Duties, by Mr. Smyth, one of the SurveyorsGeneral of his Majesty's Customs, is in the press, and will be published in the month of January.

A Second Volume of Sacred Lyrics. By James Edmeston.

A New Edition of the Rev. John Foster's Essay on Popular Ignorance.
A Second Vol. of Clarke's History of Intolerance. 8vo.

A Prospectus has been circulated of a New Periodical Religious Magazine, conducted by Members of the United Secession Church of Scotland, entitled the Christian Recorder and British and Foreign Religious Intelligencer; the first Number will appear in January.

On the 31st of January, 1820, will be published, No. I. and continued monthly, of the British Domestic Herbal, being a correct description of British Medicinal Plants, intended for the use of families, and for every purpose of domestic medicine-illustrated by Plants accurately colored according to pature.

Mr. S. F. Gray has in the press, and nearly ready for publication, a new and greatly improved edition of his Supplement to the Pharmacopoeias.

A new and enlarged edition of Mr. A. T. Thomson's Conspectus of the London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Pharmacopoeias, will be published in January.

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