RULE XX. When the words good, fit, &c. are understood, in English, before the second noun, when transposed as mentioned before, they are rendered by the preposition d.-EXAMPLES:

Je voudrais avoir une terre à bois | I wish I had some wood-land, and et une à blé.

La colline est couverte de moulins à vent, et la vallée de moulins à eau.

some for corn.

The hill is covered with windmills, and the valley with watermills.

RULE XXI. When, in English, the past participle of a verb is preceded by the infinitive to be, and such adjectives as fit, good; in French, the adjective fit, and infinitive to be, are both rendered by the preposition à; and the past participle is rendered by the infinitive of the corresponding verb.-EXAMPLES:

C'est une fille à marier.

Voilà du bois à couper, et des ar

bres à transplanter. C'est un homme à mépriser: C'est un coquin à pendre.

She is a girl fit to be married; or

She is a marriageable girl. That wood is fit to be cut, and

those trees to be transplanted. That is a man fit to be despised. That scoundrel is fit to be hanged.

M. I have not made any mention of the preposition de, which sometimes must be placed between the two French nouns, instead of à, au, à la, &c. To prevent mistakes, I hasten to acquaint you with the following:

RULE XXII-When two nouns come together, in English, and the second is said to be composed or made of the materials expressed by the first; the first, in French, is transposed after the second, with the preposition de, preceding.-EXAMPLES:

silver watch, steel-chain, and diamond-ring.

He lived in a stone-house: now he lives in a brick one.

Il a perdu sa tabatière d'or, sa | He has lost his gold snuff-box, montre d'argent, sa chaîne d'acier, et sa bague de diamans. Il demeurait dans une maison de pierre, à présent il demeure dans une maison de brique. J'ai besoin de six paires de bas de soie, de quatre de laine, de deux de coton, et d'une de fil.

I porte un habit de velours noir, un gilet d'écarlate, et un pantalon de casimir bleu.

I want six pair of silk-stockings,
four of worsted, two of cotton,
and one of thread.
He wears a black velvet coat, a
scarlet jacket, and blue ker-
seymere trowsers.

M. The words, for which the following table is intended, always require the preposition de after them, as;

Il mène un genre de vie qu'on ne He leads a kind of life which can

Quelle espèce d'homme nous avez- What kind of a man have you

Il n'y a rien de plus insolent qu'un None are more insolent than up

Donnez-moi un peu de bière ou de Give me a little beer or cider.

Je vous dirai en peu de mots toute | I will tell you in few words the 'affaire. whole of the matter.

Il y a assez de temps que je vous I have been waiting for you long attends.

Plus, moins.

Il a plus de talens et de mérite que son frère; mais moins de savoirvivre et d'usage du monde.

Autant.

enough.

More, less.

He has more talents and merit than
his brother, but less good breed-
ing and knowledge of the eti-
quette of fashionable life.
As much as.

Elle a autant de vertu que de dou- She has as much virtue as mildceur dans le caractère.

Tant.

Il est doué de tant d'esprit et de sagesse qu'il réussira, et il a tant d'amis qu'il ne manquera jamais de rien.

Trop.

Cet auteur embrasse trop de matières, de faits, et de détails.

Combien.

Combien d'argent lui devez-vous? combien de livres de chandelle avez-vous apportées ?

ness in her temper.

So much, so many.

He is endowed with so much anderstanding and wisdom, that he will succeed, and he has so many friends that he will never want any thing.

Too much, too many. This author embraces too much matter, too many facts and particulars.

How much, how many.

How much money do you owe him? how many pounds of candles have you brought?

y avait je ne sais combien de There were I know not how many

gens.

Que!

Que de sang répandu dans cette fatale querelle !

Que de chagrins vous aurez à souffrir!

Quoi!

Quoi de plus agréable pour des parens, que des enfans vertueux et bien élevés !

Beaucoup.

Il y a beaucoup de bien, mais ils sont beaucoup d'héritiers à partager cette succession. EXCEPTION.-Bien, when, in English, it means much or many, is an exception; for, instead of the preposition de, alone, it must be followed by that preposition and the article indicatire or definite.-EXAMPLES: Il y avait bien du monde à la co- | There were many people at the médie. play. Il y a bien des gens qui le croient There are many people who be ainsi. lieve it so.

A TABLE OF FRENCH VERBS

IMMEDIATELY FOLLOWED BY NOUNS (WHICH ARE THEIR COMPLEMENT,) WITHOUT BEING CONNECTED WITH THEM BY ANY ARTICLE OR PREPOSITION.

Avoir appétit.

To have an appetite.
Avoir compassion.
To have mercy.
Avoir cours.
To be current; to
take; to be in
vogue.
Avoir coutume.
To be used to.
Avoir dessein.
To intend.
Avoir droit.

To have a right.
Avoir envie.
To have a mind.
Avoir mal.
To ache.
Avoir part au gá-

teau.

To share in the

booty.
Avoir pitié.
To pity.
Ajouter foi.
To believe.
Chanter pouilles.
To call names.
Chercher chicane.
To wrangle.

Avez-vous bon appétit ?

Have you a good appetite?
Ayez compassion de son infortune.
Have compassion on his misfortune.

Je ne crois pas que cette monnaie ait cours.
I do not believe that this coin is current.

Il a coutume de se lever de bonne heure.
He is used to rise early.

J'ai dessein de partir pour France.
I intend to set off for France.
Vous n'avez pas droit de le faire.
You have not a right to do it.

J'ai grande envie de lui frotter les oreilles.
I have a great mind to thrash him-to rub his ears.
J'ai mal à la tête et aux oreilles.

My head and ears ache.

Si vous venez, vous aurez part au gâteau.

If you come, you will share in the booty.

Il ne mérite pas qu'on ait pitié de lui.
He does not deserve to be pitied.
Il n'ajoute pas foi à ce que vous dites.
He does not believe what you say.
Il ne fallait pas lui chanter pouilles
You should not have called him names.
Il cherche chicane à tous ses voisins.
He wrangles with all his neighbours.
Il a été chercher querelle à cet homme-là.
To pick a quarrel. He went to pick a quarrel with that man.
Chercher fortune. Il est allé chercher fortune aux Indes.
He went to seek a fortune in the Indies.
Qui cherche malheur, le trouve.

Chercher querelle.

To seek a fortune.

Chercher malheur. To hunt for a misfortune.

Couper court.

To make short.

Whoever hunts for a misfortune, finds it.

Coupons court à ces difficultés-là.

Let us make short of those difficulties.

⚫ For other nouns that may follow avoir, see the Table at the end of the con

jugation of that auxiliary verb, p. 18.

Courir fortune.
To stand a chance.
Courir risque.
To run the risk.
Courir hasard.
To run the risk.
Crier vengeance.
To call for ven-

geance.

Demander raison.

Il court fortune d'être un jour fort riche.
He stands a chance to be one day very rich.
Il court risque d'être pendu.
He runs the risk of being hanged.
J'ai couru hasard de me tuer.
I ran the risk of killing myself.
Une pareille conduite crie vengeance.
Such a conduct calls for vengeance.

Je vous conseille de lui demander raison.

To ask satisfaction. I advise you to ask satisfaction of him.
J'ai demandé justice, sans pouvoir l'obtenir.

Demander justice.

To ask for justice. I asked for justice, without being able to obtain it. Il a demandé grâce à genoux.

Demander grace.
To ask pardon.
Demander quartier
To cry for quarter.
Demander avis.
To ask advice.
Demander caution.
To ask a surety.

Demander venge

He asked pardon on his knees.
Les troupes demandèrent quartier.
The troops cried for quarter.

N'allez pas plus loin sans demander avis.
Go no farther without asking advice.

Il s'est fâché lorsque je lui ai demandé caution.
He put himself into a passion, when I asked surety
of him.

Le sang de ce prince demande vengeance.

The blood of this prince cries for vengeance.

Il demeura court au beau milieu de son discours.
He stopt short in the very middle of his speech.
Croyez vous réellement qu'il dise vrai?

Do you really believe he speaks the truth?
Non, je crois qu'il dit faux.

No, I believe that he speaks false.

En parlant ainsi, vous donnez prise sur vous.

In speaking thus, you give others an advantage

over you.

Il a donné carrière à tout son esprit.
He gave full scope to his wit.
Je lui ai donné carte blanche.

I gave him full powers.
Il n'a pu donner caution.
He could not give bail.

Il a refusé de lui donner quittance.
He refused to give him a receipt.

Il nous a donné avis de l'arrivée du bâtiment.
He gave us advice of the arrival of the vessel.