perhaps Norway was meant, perhaps Iceland, or the Faroe or Shetland Islands. 35 Scheveningen (SKā'věn ing'ĕn): a seaside resort near The Hague. 330 1 ascetic: one who practices extreme self-denial.-25 Domesday: see note on 191 20.-33 Leland: John Leland (about 1506-1552), a student of English antiquities, who, at the time when Henry VIII dissolved the monasteries, tried to preserve the manuscripts of the monastic libraries. -36 Ishmaelitish (ish'mà el it ish): outcast, wild; from Ishmael, the outcast son of Abraham and Hagar, of whom it was foretold: "He will be a wild man; his hand will be against every man, and every man's hand against him" (Genesis xvi, 12). 331 32 vicinal way (vis'ĩ năl): the road which served the neighborhood, in distinction from the great highway, which carried the traffic through the whole region; from vicinalis, Latin for "neighboring."—33 Via Iceniana (wē'à è'ken i ä'na): The Romans were wonderfully skillful roadbuilders, and in spite of centuries of neglect through barbarous and medieval times, many of their roads can be traced still. 332 1 Ikenild Street: in its general course, believed to be older than the Roman occupation, a prehistoric ridgeway across the Chiltern and Berkshire hills, which the Romans improved and used through part of its course.- El Dorado (ĕ! dỗ rä’dō): the golden; a city or country rich in gold, which the Spanish adventurers of the sixteenth century thought existed in the interior of South America; hence a place of fabulous wealth. 333 29 amulet: a charm worn to ward off evil. 335 23 chimæra (kī mē'rå): in Greek mythology a she monster breathing fire, having the head of a lion, the body of a goat, and the tail of a dragon (see Gayley, Classic Myths, pp. 214-215); hence a frightful or foolish creature of the imagination. 336 17 Ormond: James Butler, first Duke of Ormonde (1610-1688), Irish soldier and statesman. 337 21 Whigs... Tories: see note on 183 21.-22 Stafford: William Howard, Viscount Stafford (1614-1680), accused by Titus Oates of taking part in the popish plots, and beheaded.-24 Russell: Lord William Russell (1639-1683), a leader of the Whig, or country, party, accused of plotting insurrection and the death of the king, declared guilty, and executed. When the passions of the time had died down it was realized that both Russell and Stafford had suffered unjustly, and the sentences against them were reversed so as to permit their descendants to enjoy their titles.-25 Tower: the Tower of London, fortress and state-prison, on the Thames, just outside the old city wall on the east, on the site of an old Roman fortress; built by William the Conqueror to overawe the citizens of London.— Lincoln's Inn Fields: now a public garden. Lincoln's Inn, one of the four great law schools in London, took its name from the property of the Earl of Lincoln which it acquired early in the fourteenth century. Its gatehouse, opening on Chancery Lane (see note on 306 21), was built in the time of King Henry VIII. Ben Jonson is said to have worked as a bricklayer on the adjacent wall.-29 tied to the cart's tail: Criminals were often tied to the rear of a cart and whipped as they were dragged through the streets.-32 Bridewell: a prison, pulled down in 1864. Before the prison there was a Bridewell Palace on this spot, which took its name from "miraculous" well of St. Bride or St. Bridget. Bridewell Palace is the scene of the third act of Shakespeare's Henry VIII.—34 pressed to death: If a person were accused of a crime and refused to answer either "guilty" or "not guilty" to the indictment, he might be pressed to death. Though this form of punishment gradually fell into disuse, it was not formally abolished until 1772. a 338 33 of the Stuarts: during the Stuart monarchy, 1603-1689, including the period of the Great Rebellion and Cromwell's Protectorate. 341 8 horologue (hor'ð lög): horologe (hōr'ð lõj); timepiece, clock.— 23 Schreckhorn: Peak of Terror. 342 1 Dayspring to the Shipwrecked in Nova Zembla: Barents, whose expedition was wrecked on Nova Zembla in 1596, wrote of the first glimpse of the sun in the northern winter: "On January 27, we saw it mounting in all its roundness on the horizon, which rendered us very happy. We thank God for the mercy he vouchsafed to us by restoring the light."-5 Evangel: gospel, good news.-6 charnel-house: place where the bodies or bones of the dead are placed.-11 gabardine: gaberdine (găb'er den'); a coarse, loose coat or smock.-27 Man's Unhappiness: see Browning's "Rabbi Ben Ezra," p. 265. 343 3 Hochheimer (hok'him er): a kind of wine, from Hochheim, near Mainz in Germany.-Ophiuchus (of ĭ ū'kŭs): a constellation, represented on charts as a man holding the Serpent in his hands.-33 the Wisest of our time: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (fon gû'tẽ) (1749–1832), the greatest of German writers and one of the great men of the world. He taught that the greatest happiness is to be found in unselfish, useful work. -34 Entsagen: ĕnt sä'gen. 344 12 Close thy Byron; open thy Goethe: stop trying, like Byron, to make yourself happy; try instead, like Goethe, to be of use to others.13 Es leuchtet mir ein: es loik'tět mēr in.-33 Zeno (zē'nō) (about 336264 B.C.): Greek philosopher, founder of the school of Stoics.-34 thou canst love the Earth . . . for this a Greater than Zeno was needed: an allusion to the words of Christ, "Love your enemies . . . do good to them that hate you" (Matthew v, 44). 345 1 Johnson: Dr. Samuel Johnson.-18 hypochondria: imaginary illness or illness caused by an unhealthy condition of the nervous system — 19 Hercules. . . Nessus'-shirt: Hercules (hûr'cù lēz) was poisoned by putting on a shirt dipped in the blood of the treacherous Nessus. See Gayley, Classic Myths, pp. 225-226. Johnson suffered from scrofula, which disfigured his face and impaired his sight.-29 Fourpence-halfpenny a day: When Johnson first went to London and was struggling to earn a ... living by his pen he thought that he dined well on six pennyworth of meat and a pennyworth of bread at an alehouse.—31 College Servitor . . Gentleman Commoner: at Oxford students formerly were divided into six groups. Gentleman Commoners held next to the highest social rank, while College Servitors had the lowest place and helped pay their way by performing certain menial duties. 346 34 Pedantry: overemphasis of unimportant details. - 347 3 Church of St. Clement Danes: built in 1688, from pians by Sir Christopher Wren, in the middle of the Strand (see note on 304 25).5 Voltaire: François Marie Arouet de Voltaire (1694-1778), French philosopher and man of letters, noted for his mocking skepticism. 348 25 Mirabeau (mē rá bō'): Honoré Gabriel Victor Riquetti, Comte de Mirabeau (1749-1791), French statesman of the earlier part of the Revolution. Mahomet (må hom'ět): Mohammed (about 570-632), Arabian prophet, founder of Islam or Mohammedanism.-Cromwell: Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658), English general and statesman who ruled as Lord Protector of England after the execution of Charles I.-Napoleon: Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821), Corsican, who made himself Emperor of France and tried to conquer all Europe. 349 29 buckram: stiff, precise.-32 tumid: swollen, pompous. 350 10 St. Mark's Place: the great central square of Venice, in front of St. Mark's Cathedral.-27 fruit walls: In England, where the summers are cool, the choicer fruits, such as pears, peaches, and nectarines, often are grown against walls for the sake of the additional warmth for ripening them. 351 3 canons: clergymen connected with the cathedral. 352 1 Calle Lunga San Moisè (callā loon’gả sản mô ēzã): long street of St. Moses.-12 Istrian stone: fine limestone, much like marble, from Istria (is'tri à), the peninsula at the head of the Adriatic.-14 cortile (kôr tēlā): courtyard. 353 3 "Vendita Frittole e Liquori" (vān dē'ta frēt tō'lā ā lē kō'rē): fried food and drinks for sale.-5 ambrosial (ăm brō'zhi àl): delicious, from "ambrosia," in classical mythology the food of the gods.-8 "Vino Nostrani a Soldi . . .” (vē'nō nōs trä'nē ä sōl'dē): local (home-grown) wine at... cents.-11 Maraschino (măr à skē'nō): a liqueur made from the marasca cherry, a wild, black cherry.-12 gondoliers (gon do lers'): men who row gondolas, the long, slender boats which served Venice as cabs. 20 Campo: square. 354 26 Cleopatra-like: See Shakespeare's Antony and Cleopatra, Act II, Scene v.- -32 archivolts (är'ki võlts): stone-work composing arched or "vaulting" construction. 355 2 Greek horses: four horses of gilded bronze over the principal entrance to St. Mark's Cathedral. They are believed to have adorned the triumphal arches of Nero and Trajan. Constantine sent them to Constantinople, whence the Doge Enrico Dandolo carried them to Venice as spoils of war in 1204.-3 St. Mark's Lion: the winged lion, symbol of St. Mark, the patron saint of Venice.-7 Lido (lē'dō): the long bar across the lagoon from Venice, famous for its bathing beach.-30 Austrian bands: bands of the Austrian garrison. In 1797 Napoleon destroyed the independence of Venice and gave the city to Austria. It was made part of United Italy in 1866.-32 miserere (miz ê rê're or mẻ zâ rā'rā): "have mercy"; the first word, in Latin, of the fifty-first Psalm: "Have mercy upon me, O God."-34 stiletto: stab. Astiletto is a slender, pointed dagger. 356 5 centesimi (sen těs'ī mē): Italian copper coins worth a fifth of a cent each.- Camarina (cä mä rē'na): a city on the southern coast of Sicily, founded in 599 B.C., destroyed and rebuilt several times. It was finally and completely destroyed in A.D. 853.-South Lambeth: a district in London, south of the Thames.-10 Hercules: The slaying of the Nemean (ne mē'an) lion was the first labor of Hercules. See Gayley, Classic Myths, pp. 216–217. The city of Nemea (nē'mễ ȧ) gave its name to the Nemean games, similar to the Olympic games, held every two years beginning in 573 B.C. The prize awarded the victor in these games was a wreath of parsley. 357 7 Phidias (fid'ï às) (about 500-432 B.C.): the greatest of Greek sculptors, contemporary and associate of Pericles.-Donatello (don ä tĕl'lō) (1386–1466): Italian sculptor.-Titian (tīsh'ản) (1477-1576): Venetian painter. Velasquez (vā läs'kāth) (1599–1660): Spanish painter.—8 Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723–1792): English portrait painter. 358 18 Cerberus (sûr bêr us): the three-headed dog with the tail of a serpent which guarded the entrance to the infernal regions.- Hydra of Lerna: the nine-headed water serpent which laid waste the country of Argos. The destruction of this monster was the second labor of Hercules. -27 Athena (à thê'nȧ): goddess of wisdom, of law and civic virtue, and of the arts both of peace and of war. 360 26 Watteau (vå tō') (1684-1721): Jean Antoine, French painter. 361 13 thrums: bits, scraps. 362 20 urbanity: from the Latin urbanitas, the quality of the city man, hence refinement. Cf. Matthew Arnold's definition: "Urbanity, the tone of the city, of the center, the tone which always aims at a spiritual and intellectual effect, and, not excluding the use of banter, never disjoins banter itself from politeness, from felicity." 363 5 black-tail: black-tailed deer.-7 ouananiche (wà nà nësh'): a small, very active, landlocked salmon, found in and near Lake St. John, Canada.-11 'Send: God send, God grant. 364 10 traces: used in fishing. A trace is a short line between the main line and the bait, in a spinning tackle.-16 fishing-luggers: A lugger is a vessel carrying one or more lugsails, a lugsail being a four-sided sail bung more or less obliquely on the mast by means of a yard (spar) which is raised and lowered with the sail. 365 7 lemurs: animals in some respects like monkeys and in some re spects like foxes, found chiefly in Madagascar and neighboring islands.— 16 Ovis Poli: the wild sheep of the Pamir plateau on the edge of Turkestan, named for the Venetian Marco Polo, who saw it on his travels to the East in the thirteenth century. The rams have very large, wide-sweeping horns. 366 1 spoor: track, trail.-18 minster-towers: towers of the church of a monastery. Because the church has remained often after the monastery has disappeared, "minster" has come to be used of any large church.19 kestrels: small European falcons, somewhat resembling the sparrow hawk of North America. 367 6 bob-majors: Bob-major is the name given to a system of change ringing on eight bells. 368 13 bitt: a heavy timber or iron fastened to the deck of a ship for securing ropes, cables, etc.-trees: crosstrees, pieces of timber or metal placed horizontally at the top of a mast. To the trees are fastened the ropes (shrouds) which support the mast.-21 sheet: rope which regulates the angle of a sail to the wind.-22 "Ready about-stand by!": notice to the crew to tack; that is, to shift the sails so that the wind will strike them at the same angle but on the other side of the ship. 369 4 The Hun: here meaning "the German," reminiscent of the time in the fifth century when the Huns under Attila, "the Scourge of God," invaded Gaul (France) and threatened western Europe. 370 21 binnacle: a case containing the ship's compass with a lamp for use at night. 371 21 My watch below: my time off duty. A watch on shipboard is usually four hours. 372 29 job down below: Captain MacWhirr had sent the first mate, Jukes, to quell a panic and riot among the coolie passengers whom the ship was taking back to China. 376 Mermaid Tavern: see page 65 and note on 65 6.-3 Fleet Street: see note on 304 25.-9 mighty bubble of St. Paul's: the dome of St. Paul's Cathedral, designed by Sir Christopher Wren. This great church, built on a slight eminence, dominates the City. One going through Fleet Street from the Strand (westward) looks toward St. Paul's.-24 The Tempest: Shakespeare's play. 377 3 mullioned panes: panes set between slender, upright bars.29 Spanish Main: the mainland of Spanish America. 378 2 galleon: see note on 235 25.-4 Marchaunt Adventurers: the Merchant Adventurers of England, incorporated in 1551 for the discovery of unknown lands, with Sebastian Cabot as governor for life. It was one of the early companies chartered for foreign trade, and attained great wealth and influence. At one time it employed in the Netherlands alone as many as 50,000 persons and was influential enough to keep the Spanish Inquisition out of Antwerp in the time of Charles V.-7 Eldorado: see note on 332. 379 5 foot-feathered Mercury: In classical mythology Mercury, the |