countrymen had a few years ago? None. How then will they be able to prevent them, or, if attacked with them, to moderate their fuy? That diminution of their army to an establishment which might guard it against a pestilence, exposes it to destruction by the enemy; that augmentation of its numbers, which might enable it to overpower the enemy, exposes it to destruction by disease. If it suffers the Ebro to remain its barrier, what a liberty it allows to all the rest of Spain! If it passes the Ebro, it must divide itself into columns; and the fate of its former columns, let Dupont and Wedel relate. This is the result of attacking an extensive country on one flank only: and to attack the other flanks Buonaparte must ask leave of the Powerful, the Thunderer, the Dreadnought, the Warrior, the Victory, and other floating batteries manned with British inflexibles. While Britain holds the empire of the sea, while the French, by seizing Bilboa or any other port, can enlarge their ammunition de bouche only by the mussels, the cockles, and the limpets, of which they can plunder the ocean, this must continue to be the true state of the case, in whatever terms the emperor and king may conceal it in the Moniteur. He may tell us, that a few of the lowest of the people in Spain have amused themselves by playing at insurrection-butthey are now all subdued or that, where ever the French army came in sight of the Spaniards the latter ran away in panic terror yes, in panic terror,-for, by the imitation of what animal's braying Pan spread his terror among the Gods, let that epitome of recondite literature, Napoleon, explain in his next to the badauds de Paris, if he pleases. Let him tell them, that the arrêtés of the junta at Bayonne are held sacred throughout the Peninsula; that the Code Napoleon, is established wherever it is announced, and adored wherever it is established; that both land and sea re-echo its praises, and land its great Institutor,-from the Sublime Porte of Sultan Mohammed in the east, to the super-sublime of all sublimities the ports of America in the west from the Samoiede and Kamschatkadale literati, on the coasts of the White Sea and the Frozen Ocean, in the north, to the polished Hottentots, and the doubly polished Boschiesmans of Caffraria, or the refined, the highly civilized, the eminently intelligent Great Nation of Terra del Fuego, in the south. . Does Buonaparte then extend his views so-Does he? Does he want" Ships, Colonies, and Commerce?" We believe him, on that and long he will want thein: he may believe us on this. And indeed, we are mistaken, if at present he stands in need of any great conviction as to the blunders he has committed in his endeavours to acquire them. Admitting for a moment-(nay, start not, our Spanish friends!) but, admitting for a moment, that Joseph Buonaparte, tired of the illustrious confinement which enthralled him in the nothingness of the Italian peninsula, had established himself in the Spanish pe ninsula, did it follow, that the too evident anxieties of his brother Nap, could ensure the adherence of the Spanish colonics to the mother country? that he guaranteed them, is true; but that he might, ten thousand times over and over, have guaranteed them, without the slightest obedience resulting from his interference is equally true. The reverberations of his voice resound not from the banks of the Amazon, the Oronoco, or the Rio Bravo; the slightest vibration from the quivering of the center-shaken earth on which he stamps, reaches not to them. When his nodding plume has terrified into the resump tion of their former manacles the blacks of St. Domingo, it will be time enough for Mexico and Peru to thing of truckling to the menaces of Napoleon the Great! "But they will obey the commands of their late lawful sovereign."-It is well known, that they were ready, on the slightest appearance of support, to have risen in opposition to their late lawful sovereign. If they were with difficulty induced to acknowledge him: to what a slender probability was the hope of their being bound to acknowledge an alien successor reduced! Spain is of no value to Buonaparte without her colonies: her productions scarcely differ from those of France: and mere extent of land is useless to the Corsican empire. His anxiety to possess the colonies was too apparent to escape the notice of the most purblind politician-but, by what means be might secure their attachment, and intercourse, he never considered. He sent half a dozen whiskered Frenchmen with his compliments, and the terror of his name, to awe the gover nor of the Havannah into compliance: but the governor had whiskers of his own, and clapped those of his applicants, comments, name, and all, into prison. This has been the case in every colony; and if, as the em peror and king has assured us, the whole Spanish nation received the appointment of brother Joseph to the crown, with unbounded gratitude and exstacy;-then the colonies have differed, toto cœlo, as we as-ure the emperor and king, from the whole Spanish nation; and that too, with unbounded ingratitude and stubbornness. The fact is, that however Buonaparte may want the precious metals produced by the Spanish mines, he has nothing to give for them: he cannot buy them with military services, and if he could, they would be just as far from reaching Eu rope, where his wants of them press him, as they have hitherto been, when drawn for by. him via Spain. Neither is the opening of an account by the new house, or under the name of the new firm, of any avail to him: The colonies have refused to honour brother Joseph's acceptances, and have returned his bills protested" no effects." Here we close our portrait of this haughty and unenviable chief. If it were possible that the shade of Fox could interest itself in "Low ambition and the pride of kings;" If with a perfect recollection of former sentiments, it could revisit earth, what a total change of opinion may we suppose it would adopt! The craft, the malignity, the depravity, the tyranny, the obduracy, the envy, the selfishness, all the diabolical passions, that have actuated the bosom of its quondam friend, would appear in their blackest hue; augmented by the knowledge of those punishments which await the impious, in the world of spirits. YES, THERE MUST BE | been startled at it. Buonaparte has projected, and effected, a meeting between himself and Alexander, at Erfurth, in which, if we prophecy rightly, much more will be talked about than concluded on. The refusal of the Emperor of Austria to complete the triumvirate, may prove the safety of Alexander: since the glorious opportunity of escorting two Emperors to the interior of France, is thereby unluckily frustrated. Unluckily we repeat; for, J'ai ma politique a moi! We do not augur ALL those results from the Erfurth pantomime that amuse some deep politicians. Turkey was apportioned at Tilsit: Turkey will be again apportioned at Erfurth but a third meeting will be necessary, if Francis holds out stoutly, before Turkey will be apportioned to the satis faction of the parties. We give it, as our decided opinion, that this journey of Buonaparte to Erfurth is a gross political blunder. The man has too many irons in the fire:" some of them burn to waste most woefully. The "" runs after man, to use a French proverb, WHEN two hares "be will catch neither. He has seen his greatest height. The wheel of Fortune is constantly rolling; what was uppermost declines. Public opinion will not be chained to his hat and feather: that too will obey the impulse of the gale, which seldom blows long from the same quarter; and woe to the idol that after having been incensed and adored by the most fickle as well as the most barbarous of nations, is degraded and dragged through A WORLD The seizure of the kings of Spain has proved a lesson to the other sovereigns of Europe. The Emperor of Austria has pro. fited by it, and refused to quit his own dominions. The Emperor of Russia has only We may infer this with the greatest certainty from the conversion of sentiment experienced by Mr. Fox's friend Sheridan, who formerly had an opinion of Buonaparte that we even blush to repeat.-We quote from the debates of the House of Cominons of June 27th, 1800, the following speech, --wherein he described the tyrant whose sole name blisters our tongue," as a great "General vilely libelled!-acting with "SINGULAR MODERATION, HUMANITY and "MAGNANIMITY; whose object is to main"tain the power he has attained by the MO"DERATION of his government-and I must "hope," continued this pellucid orator," that "when he has atchieved the LIBERTY of "France, he will impart to it all the bless"ings and happiness of a civilized peace. "The character of Buonaparte is at length "to be rescued from the MUD and MIRE of "ministerial abuse !!!"--It is something singular that a very intelligent Frenchman, (now near the person of Buonaparte) on reading the above splendid character of Napoleon exclaimed in our presence, Enverité, Monsieur Sheridan, vous n'êtes pas à la hauteur des événemens! Comme je vous plains! Parbleu, vous ne connoissez pus nos GRANDS HOMMES! Lui surtout! car il est porfaite ment constaté que c'est une âme basse; nous avons cu nos tigres, et notre hyène; mais lui, c'est le péritable CRAPAUD DE LA REVOLUTION! what, for good manners, Shall here be nameless! We have some suspicion, and not without anthentic facts in support of it, that Alexander feels and resents his vassal state. It is not long since application was made by a very respectable British merchant, whose vessel had been unjustly seized, to the Russian minister: who after proper examination expressed his conviction-but could not serve him. To the emperor this gentleman then applied en dernier resort, delivered memorials, supported them by proofs, obtained a personal conference: the result we give in the Emperor's own words: I ACKNOWLEDGE THE JUSTICE OF YOUR CLAIMS: BUT, I CAN- CAULINCOURT." Russia did not exert her whole power against Sweden: she has lately reinforced her armies, obtained advantages, and concluded an armistice. She wished to obtain a point at which to stand without disgrace, and that effected, she has rested on her arms. We are glad of it for the sake of humanity: every interval of evil, is a comparative good. Russia has also produced an offer of conciliation with Britain. One of her messengers, in company with a French messenger, has arrived in : : London, and been-sent back again. Ne. yertheless, we believe that the sentiments of the Russian Senate, and of many of the old Russian counsellors are most reluctantly Gallicised and this will in time have an effect. The plans to which Russia has been induced to accede are costly can Buonaparte supply the needful? The mines of Potosi might as well not exist, as to any service he can derive from them; the gold of Mexico flows not into his coffers: he has failed and on the question of expence Russia will fail with him. When Russia balances the accounts of her partnership with the Corsican, she will find herself minus almost beyond her belief: And when she has balanced those accounts they will not be closed, by many, many years. The same is our opinion as to the state of America: her present inconveniencies are nullities compared to the effect of that snap which the line of her commerce must experience it will be felt throughout her union; and for a long time; great efforts and some humilitywill be required, ere it be rejoined. We are told that nearly fifty petitions, remonstrances &c. &c. have been presented from the trading towns of America to Mr. Jefferson, the President. Till he resigns, ten times the number will be unavailing. They have been expressed with firmnes,: in his answer to that from the town of Boston, the President has stated his reasons for continuing the embargo. August 26 1808. Your representation and request were received on the 22d instant, and have been considered with the attention due to every expression of the sentiments and feelings of so respectable a body of my fellow-citizens. In reviewing these measures, therefore, we should advert to the difficulties out of which a choice was of necessity to be made. To have submitted our rightful commerce to prohibitions and tributary exactions from others, would have been to surrender our independence. To resist them by arms was war, without consulting the state of things, or the choice of the nation. The alternative preferred by the legislature, of suspending a commerce placed under such unexampled difficulties, besides saving to our citizens their property, and our mariners to their country, has the peculiar advantage of giving them to the Belligerent nations to revise a conduct as contrary to their interests, as it is to our rights. In the event of such peace or suspension of hostilities between the Belligerent powers of Europe, or of such change in their measures affecting neuStates sufficiently safe, in the judgement of the tral commerce, as may render that of the United president, ie is authorized to suspend the em bargo. But no peace or suspension of hostilities, no change affecting neutral commerce is known to have taken place. The orders of England, and the decrees of France and Spain, existing at the dates of these laws, are still unrepealed, as far as we know. In Spain, indeed, a contest for the government appears to have arisen; but of its course, or prospects, we have no information on which prudence would undertake a hasty change in our policy, even were the authority of the exe, cutive competent to such a decision. You desire, that in this defect of power, congress may be speedily convened. It is uunecessary to examine the evidence, or the character of the facts which are supported to dictate such a call; because you will be sensible, on an attention to dates, that the legal period of their meeting is as early as in this extensive country, they could be fully convened by a special call. I should with great willingness have executed the wishes of the inhabitants of the town of Boston, had peace, or a repeal of the obnoxious edicts, or other changes, produced the case in which alone the laws have given me that authority and so many motives of justice and interest lead to such changes that we ought continually to expect them. But while these edicts remain, the legislature alone can prescribe the course to be pursued. THOMES JEFFERSON. One million of cheeses from Holland have passed through Britain to feed the Spanish army."Close the Dutch ports, Louis, tight! tight!-Parbleu!" No person has seen with more concern than myself the inconveniences brought on our country in general by the circumstances of the times in which we happen to live; times to which the history of nations presents no parallel. For years we have been looking as spectators on our brethren of Europe, afflicted with all those evils which necessarily follow an abandonment of the moral rules which bind men and nations together. Connected with them in friendship and commerce, we have happily so far kept aloof from their calamitous conflicts, by a steady observance of justice towards all, by much forbearance, and multiplied sacrifices. At length, however, all regard to the rights of others having been thrown aside, the Belligerent powers have beset the high way of commercial intercourse with Edicts, which, taken together, expose our commerce and masines, under almost every destination, a prey to Britain will we hope and trust, be guided their fleets and armies. Each party indeed would by Providence through all her difficulties. admit our commerce with themselves, with the view of associating us in their war against the Already she occupies higher ground than she other. But we have wished war with neither.and enjoy the honest fruits of her present pridid. That she may improve her advantages, Under these circumstances, were passed the laws of which you complain, by those delegated to exercise the power of legislation for you, with every sympathy of a common interest in exercising them faithfully. The loss of Junot's army in Portugal by battle, is stated at killed-2,250. Wounded, 1,700. Prisoners, 2,600. Delivered by ca pitulation, 25,600. To which must be added the French force at Almeida, Elvas, &c. vations, through many future years of prospe rity and peace, is by none more ardently desired than by the Collaborateurs in the LITERARY PANORAMA, OBSERVANDA EXTERNA, FRANCE. Junction of the Atlantic and Mediterranean Seas.-The following are the particulars respecting an intended junction of the two seas, the Atlantic and Mediterranean, by a canal; an undertaking which has lately been resumed with vigour. It was long ago intended to unite the two seas that wash the coasts of France, by a communication between the rivers Suöune and Yonne. By an edict of Henry IV. a tax was imposed on the bakers of Dijon of 40 French sous for each measure of corn, towards defraying the expenses for continuing the canal of the river Ouche, from Dijon to St. Jean de Lóne. In 1607 a procès verbal was published of a survey of this river, which it was intended to render navigable, in order to open a communication with the Seine, by the Armançon which falls into the Yonne, and the Yonne into the Seine. In 1724 the states of Bourgogne ordered the engineer Abeillo to take a survey of the country, which he delivered in 1727. In 1775 a beginning was made; but the works proceeded very slowly. In 1790, they were entirely suspended; but were resumed in the year 10, since which period they have been continued without intermission. That part of the canal whish is situated between Dijon and the Saöne is in great forwardness and nearly completed: in that between Dijon and the Yonne, little progress has been made. The artificial embankments begin between Dijon and La Cude. Since the year 10, 819,198 francs have been expended on the works between Dijon and the Saone, and by the law of 16th Sept. 1807, new funds have been allotted for the completion of the whole. This canal will facilitate the conveyance of goods from ci-devant Bourgogne to the Southern provinces, and from thence into the interior. Hay, iron, corn, and hemp, will avoid the great circuit they now make by the canals of Charolaix and Auxerre in order to reach Paris, by the navigable parts of the Seine. Vine-tree Table.-A table is shewn in the gardens of Versailles formed from the single plank of a vine, two feet and a half in dianieter.-Thornton's Tour in France, vol. i. p. 64 GERMANY. Literature. Lately published at Leipsig. Remarks on the Reigning Powers of the the rise, progress, and fall of German nations, in 1808: with a view of the German empire, together with the principal occurrences in the war between France and Prussia. Lately published at Altona a geographical and statistical account of the colonies of the Greeks: with observations on their foundation, and fate, by D. H. Hege wich, counsellor, to his Danish majesty, member of the royal society of sciences at Copenhagen, &c. &c. &c.-The author first gives an account of those colonies in the Eastern parts of Greece, or Asia-Minor, and proceeds Northwards up the Black Sea; then travels Westward, describes those situated on the western coast of the Black Sea, as well as those on the eastern coast of the Adriatic, also the colonies lying between both coasts, he then directs his attention toward Italy and Sicily, and finishes his description with such colonies as were planted in Africa and France. German Recipes. For the destruction of caterpillars, ants, and other insects.-Take about two pounds weight of black soap, the same quantity of flowers, of sulphur, two pounds weight of truffles (ly coperdon tuber. Linn.)and well incorporated, by the aid of a gentle fifteen gallons of water; the whole must be warmth. Insects on which this water is sprinkled die immediately.-Query, is this liquor effectual in destroying that noisome vermin the bug? If so, its composition cannot be made too extensively known; as we do not perceive that it is likely to damage bed furniture, &c. To restore the lustre of glasses that are tarnished by age, or accident.-Strew on them powdered fullers' earth, carefully cleared from sand, &c. and rub them carefully with a linen cloth. Kotzebue's Works.-It is said the celebra ted Von Kotzebue intends publishing a complete edition of all his works in forty volumes. Discovery of Antiquities.—Cassel, Aug. of Cassel which are carried on with unremit1808. The improvements in the fortifications ted activity and on a very extensive scale, have led to some very important discoveries relative to the history of the Romans in Germany. A few days ago the workmen found five Roman altars, consecrated to Jupiter and Juno. Some weeks before an altar of the same description had been discovered in a very high state of preservation, with a like inscription on it. Only two of these altars bear the date of their erection. was dedicated A. D. 215; the other A. D. 242. The proper officers have taken great care for their preservation; and it is very probable that some other important discoveries of the same nature, may soon be made in the same place. One Liberty of Speech.-Hambro, 22d Aug. The senate of this city has lately renewed the edict published in 1807, whereby the inhabitants are ordered not to enter into any disputes relative to the present state of political affairs, and all tavern and inn-keepers are di rected to acquaint such strangers and other persons who may be in their houses, with this regulation, holding them responsible for their conduct in that respect. RUSSIA. Navigable Canal-The Russian government has lately united the navigation of the Baltic and Black Sea. by means of the canal of Berini; which communicating with the Dana (in the government of Mittau), and the Dnieper, admits the easy transport of the produce of White Russia, and of the Crimea, to the capital. SWEDEN. degrading system of traffic, for which the whole of those officers have been so justly celebrated, since the year 1794, with the exception of Colonel Paterson and Captain John Piper. The efforts that were made by Governor King, to suppress the insolence of Major Johnston, and the officers under his command, involved that gover nor into difficulties almost tantamount to those which have betallen that gallant veteran Governor Blich. The incendiaries that have buoyed up Major Johnston to the commission of this crime, are John M'Arthur and William Minchin, adj. in the New South Wales corps; the succession of quarrels the former is famous for, with Governor Hunter, King, Colonel Paterson, and Bligh, need no recapitulation; the latter has been repeatedly tried by general courts martial. I refer you to General Grose for his character; ask that general what confidence can be placed in his integrity.The unfortunate officers, Atkins, Palmer, Gore, and Campbell, were the only men that made a stand in defence of Governor Bligh's authority and person; they have shared his fate, and if they escape assassination, they will prove the atrocity of this revolution, and shew what necessity there is to remove Mr. M'Arthur and the New South Wales regiment from that colony. Perhaps, Sir Joseph, you are unacquainted with the particular circumstances of this wanton act of rebellion; the following is a correct detail. Ja uary the 28th last, Major Johnston ordered the drum to beat to arms; the consequence was, the regiment assembled, and a mob of about 200 convicts. Major Johnston then placed himself at their head, and marched to the governmenthouse, where he called aloud for the governor to surrender. The governor, alarmed for his personal safety, concealed himself; the major then ordered a body of soldiers to rush into the house, Letter from his Majesty the king of Sweden to the Emperor of Russia.-Honour and humanity enjoin me to make the most forcible remonstrances to your imperial majesty, against the numberless cruelties and injustice committed by the Russian troops in Swedish Finland. These proceedings are too well known and confirmed, to require from me any proofs of their reality; for the blood of the ill-fated victims still cries aloud for vengeance against the abettors of such enormities. Let not your imperial majesty's heart be insensible to the representations which I find myself compelled to make to you, in the name of my faithful subjects in Finland. But what is the object of this war, as unjust as it is unnatural? It is not, I suppose, to excite the strongest aversion for the Russian name. Is it crimiral in my subjects in Finland not to have suffered themselves to be subdued from their allegiance by promises as false as the principles on which they are founded? Does it become a sovereign to make loyalty a crime? I cun-and, by force of arms, to bring the governor to jure your imperial majesty to put a stop to the calamities and horrors of a war, which can, not fail to bring down on your own person and your government the cures of Divine Providence. Half of my dominaions in Finland are already delivered by my brave Finnish troops. Your majesty's feet is shut up in the Baltic Port, without the hope of ever getting out any otherwise than as a conquest. Your flotilla of galleys has recently sustained a very severe defeat, and my troops are at this moment landing in Finland to reinforce those who will point out to them the road to honour and glory. Given at my head quarters, Sept. 7, 1808. (Signed) GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS. NEW SOUTH WALES. him. After searching some time, the governor was forced from his retirement, and treated by the soldiers and mob in a most cruel and insulting manner. Major Johnston, with rude ungentleman-like language, demanded the governor's sword, and after leaving the governor in close arrest, marched off his victorious banditti in triumph: the prison door was then thrown open, and Mr. M'Arthur Liberated. This refractory gentleman was confined for contempt of court, and refusing to pay a fine. The soldiers and mob then placed him in a chair, and carried him about the town in a disorderly triumphant manner. The bellman was then ordered to assemble the inhabitants, in order to subscribe money to defray the expences of two delegates, Messrs. Chas. Grimes and Adjutant William Minchin, to proceed to England, to impeach the governor. The self-created Governor Johnston then proceed MutinyThe following has appeared in a public paper, as a true state of late events at Ported to liberate the delinquents that were in conJackson. Vide Panorama, Vol. V. p. 169. finement, and by his proclamation, to make nall To the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks-Sir, and void the acts of the courts of judicature, and Every loyal Englishman views the mutiny that the evening was ushered in with a blaze of illu Major Johnston and his officers have effected inminations and bonfires, and a disgraceful scepe New South Wales, with an eye of detestation. This internal plot has been in agitation from the moment the military officers, or in other words the military huxters, stationed in that colony, discovered Governor Bligh's fixed determination to abolish monopoly, and put a final period to that of drunkenness and excess unprecedented.-Offended justice calls aloud for the insurgents to be brought to the bar, without delay, so that his Majesty's colony may be freed from anarchy, and their late be a lesson to future times. HENRY JAMES WASHINGTON |