16. QUESITOR.-Suppose 5 candidates are examined for two scholarships, and that A obtains of the whole number of marks given; B twice as many as A gets more than C, who obtains 3 times as many as B gets more than D; that D obtains as many as A, B, and C together, and Emore than the excess of the sum of A, B, and C's marks over D's. Determine the successful candidates. Let the letters representing the candidates stand for the fraction of the whole number of marks obtained by them, respectively. A= B=2(A-C) = D. =-2C. D= 3 (A+B+C) = (+1-2C+C) 16 = 13-1+D} = (+4D) =+&D D-D=3 HD 2. NIL DESPERANDUM.-The product of two numbers equal to 6 times their sum, and the sum of their squares is 325. Find the numbers. 4. ALGEBRA, Enfield.-Find two consecutive numbers such that the half and the fifth of the first taken together shall be equal to the third and fourth of the second taken together. (Todhunter.) 5. SCHOLARSHIP.-A and B start to run a race at the end of 5 minutes, when A has run 900 yards, and has outstripped B 75 yards, he falls; but though he loses ground by the accident, and for the rest of the course makes 20 yards a minute less than before, he comes in only half a minute behind B. How long did the race last? A runs 900 yds. in 5 min., and outstrips B by 75 yds.; ... B 160 19 And A 180 "" per min., before accident. Let AB be the given difference. Construction.-At A erect perpendicular AC=AB. Join BC, and produce it to D, making CD=AB. Then DB shall be the side of the required square. Proof-Construct the square DEFB. Join EB, and from C draw CG perpendicular to EB. Join DG. AB AC,.. ABC= right angle; 4 GBC right angle; .. ABG is a right angle: CG=AB, and CD=AB (con.), .'. ĈD=CG (ax. 1); < CDE = 4 CGE=(ax. 11), .'. 4 EDG= 2 EGD (ax. 3); Where BG, that is AB, is the difference between a diagonal, and a side of the square DEFB. Q. E. F. 2. T. B., Liverpool.-If two chords of a circle intersect at right angles, the sum of the squares on the four segments equals the square on the diameter. A wherefore arc CB = arc DF (III. 26), and therefore chord CB = chord DF. (III. 29.) AD = AE + ED2 (I. 47), and CB2 = CE2 + EB2; .. AD Cb2 = AE2 + ED2 + CE2 + EB2 (3x. 2); but DF = CB, and AF = AD2+ DF2; .. AF2 AE2+ EB2 + CE2 + EDo. When the chords meet without the circle, the property is proved in a similar manner. Q. E. D. Note.-Writing fair, but rather too thick. It would pass at the Scholarship Examination. 3. ALASCO.-The straight line EDF, drawn at right angles to BC the base of an isosceles triangle, cuts the side AB in D, and CA produced in E; show that AED is an isosceles triangle. 5. ECCLES.-A watch-ribbon is folded up into a flat knot of five edges; show that the sides of the knot form a regular pentagon.-(Potts' Euclid.') Describe an isosceles triangle having each of the angles at the base double of the third angle (IV. 10), and upon a line representing a fifth part of the ribbon describe a triangle similar to it. The method of folding the ribbon is now apparent from IV. 11. 6. FIDUS ACHATES.-The straight line drawn from the vertex of a triangle to the point of bisection of the base bisects any line parallel to the base, and terminated by the sides, or the sides produced. And conversely, any line so bisected is parallel to the base. A Diameter + Diameter + Circumference = 60 ft. .. Diameter= = 60 ft. 2.5708 15 ft. *6427 Area of flower-bed = {(.17 ft.)2 × 7854} = 225×3927 sq. ft. 88.3575 sq. ft. = *41306329 213 .. No. of plants = 37.501,923sq. ft. 213. 1. T. D.-Your query is solved in our last issue. See Pupil Teachers' Examination Questions, p. 93. 2. ANXIOUS ENQUIRER, W. H. S. B.-See replies to Nos. 25 and 26 in February part. 3. MARY.-(1st year.) To write from memory the substance of a passage of simple prose, read to them with ordinary quickness, or a short letter. (2nd year.) To write full notes of a lesson on a subject selected by the inspector. (3rd year.) To write a letter, or to write from memory the substance of a longer passage than at the end of first year, (4th year.) To write an original composition on some simple subject selected by Her Majesty's Inspector. 4. E. P. T., Littlehampton.-We are obliged by your offer, and regret that we cannot accept it at present. 5. STICK-IN-THE-MUD.-You will find the solution of your problem in the March No., page 41. 6. A. SLOPER.-It is advisable to put a column for method in writing Notes of Lessons on any subject. 7. JUNIOR.-Under the old code pupil teachers must be bound for two years at least. 8. J. H., Orkney.-10s. 6d. Post free for published price. 9. W. H.-(1) No. (2) The Historical Books. 10. X. Y. Z., Hasland.-The Treaty of Wedmore was concluded between Alfred and the Danes. By its terms a large part of the land was given to the Danes for a settlement. II. GRAMMARIAN.-Angus or Morris. 12. CETEWAYO.-Scripture Questions are not set at the Scholarship Examination by the Department, but by the authorities of the different denominational colleges. 13. SAIS. See the previous numbers of this Journal for information. 14. ST. HELENA.-'How to Compose and Write Letters' (Hughes), Is. 15. SOLWAY.-The solution you send is quite correct. 16. W. R.-We cannot see the method of solution of your query. 17. J. P. R., Glasgow.-I certainly think you have a very fair chance of success if you work. Todhunter's books are the ones generally used, but those by Deschanel, Ganot, and Balfour Stewart are also likely to prove useful. PHILIPS' SERIES OF MAP-DRAWING BOOKS. The present Series of 'Map-Drawing Books' are unique both in plan and object, and afford the most valuable aid to the attainment of definite and accurate geographical knowledge. Each book contains (1) a complete Full-coloured Map, so attached as to be always available for copying; (2) an Uncoloured Map without the names, which the pupil will fill in as an introductory exercise; (3) an Outline Map, with coast-line and lines of latitude and longitude only the pupil being required to fill in the mountains, rivers, towns, etc., with the names; (4) Map with lines of latitude and longitude only; (5) a blank sheet, with border of map only-which cannot fail to impress the principal features, both physical and political, more firmly on the memory than by merely referring to an Atlas. These books, therefore, provide for repeated practice in drawing each map. CLASS-BOOK of MODERN GEOGRAPHY, In the present edition the information throughout has "The new edition by Mr. Williams brings it up accurately to the present state of our knowledge.'-Dr. MILLER, Perth. 'A work which, for clearness, fulness, and excellence of arrangement, can hardly be surpassed.'-Literary World. 'I know no text-book on the same subject that can be compared to it.'T. W. WALLACE, Esq., High School, Inverness. ELEMENTARY CLASS-BOOK of MODERN GEOGRAPHY. BY WILLIAM HUGHES, F.R.G.S. This volume is abridged from the larger class-book, and is designed for the use of less advanced pupils. New Edition, revised and enlarged. By J. FRANCON WILLIAMS, F.R.G.S. Foolscap 8vo, is. 6d. GEOGRAPHY of the BRITISH COLONIES and FOREIGN POSSESSIONS, for the use of Candidates preparing for Examination. By the Rev. JOHN P. FAUNTHORPE, M.A., F.R.G.S., Principal of Whitelands College, Chelsea. Fourth Edition, revised and enlarged. Crown 8vo, cloth, 2s. 6d. 'Nothing seems to be lacking to entitle it to be described as a complete manual of instruction on our colonial possessions.'-The Schoolmaster. THE GEOGRAPHY of the OCEANS, Physical, Historical, and Descriptive. With Contour Map of the Ocean, Maps of the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, and Antarctic Oceans; Charts of Co-tides and Currents, etc., etc. By J. FRANCON WILLIAMS, F.R.G.S. Expressly prepared for the use of Candidates for Examinations. Fools cap 8vo, cloth, 2s. 6d. 'An admirable work. We know nothing better, whether for the school room or the advanced student.'-Educational News. 'The best arranged and best written work of the kind which we can remember to have seen for a considerable period.'-Shipping and Mercantile Gazette. London: GEORGE PHILIP & SON, 32, Fleet St. ; Caxton Buildings, South John St.. and <1. South Castle St.. Liverpool. THE Practical Teacher A MONTHLY EDUCATIONAL JOURNAL Edited by JOSEPH HUGHES. VOL. II. No. 4. Knowledge is proud that he has learned so much, School Surgery. JUNE, 1882. BY ALFRED CARPENTER, M.D. (LOND.), C.S.S. (CAMB.), Vice-President of the British Medical Association. IV. WOUNDS (continued). there is a suspicion that a particular wound is a poisoned wound, the possibility of damage from it may be diminished by suction. No danger results to the person himself who applies this kind of treatment. When the wound is caused by the bite of a dog or other animal, or by the sting of a snake, the free application of saliva is useful; perhaps it is the most useful application which can be put into the wound. It is comparatively useless to cauterise such a wound in the way in which it is ordinarily effected. It is often done even the day after the wound has been inflicted, but it cannot overtake the consequences produced by the offending matter. The effects of such a wound are best met by using constitutional remedies, such as the surgeon may direct. The bite of a dog is comparatively of very little consequence if the animal is not mad: probably not one in a thousand of the bites which are made by dogs in every-day life are followed by evil consequences. Most of them are produced by the animals in play. A boy finds his hand in the dog's mouth, and, withdrawing it hastily and almost instinctively, he tears his flesh by contact with the sharp teeth of the animal. No evil will be likely to follow from this accident if the boy is in good health. If the wound is seen immediately, and if there sany doubt on the point as to rabies, a solution of caustic may be applied to it; or, better still, a little nitric acid may be put on after freely sucking the wound with the lips and moistening it with saliva. If the dog is really rabid, the strong nitric acid should be applied at once to the wound, so as to destroy the whole of the bitten part; but this must be done by a surgeon, and, until the skilled practitioner arrives on the scene, suction, and then the application of some simple matter such as carbolised oil, will be all that should be attempted by an unskilled hand. made by cats, horses, and other animals are occasionally very disagreeable, but to all these carbolised oil is the best application after cleansing the bitten part VOL II. Bites PRICE 6D. with warm water, and sucking the wound. If the constitution of the child is healthy, there will be nothing but local irritation set up. The consequences of hydrophobia are, in reality, very frightful, and as a sequence to the fright produced by the bite of a dog the frequency with which mischief results is magnified. Cases are fanned into activity by the mental anxiety of the bitten person, assisted by the anxious inquiries of the friends. It is very important, as regards its effect upon the bitten person, that no inquiries should be addressed to him as to the bite or his feelings regarding it. If he can forget it, so much the better-his nervous system will not be made more sensitive or more ready to take on the nervous action, which assists to fan the disease into activity. If a boy has been bitten by a dog which is supposed to be mad, no reference should ever be made to it by the masters; and, if possible, his schoolfellows should be cautioned against talking to him about it. If there be a minute dose only of the poison inserted in the flesh of the boy, it may be dwarfed, and it may abort instead of being fed by the morbid matter which nervous alarm itself produces, and which is the result of nerve disturbance in the boy's mind reflected upon his body. This is probably the pabulum upon which the poison feeds. It seems to be established pathologically that there is a very rapid extension of effect along the nerves from the parts injured to the spinal cord. This extension takes place during the incubative stage. The disease then affects the spinal and the sympathetic nervous system, and through them the emotional nerves in a manner which, from the effects produced, is known by the name of hydrophobia. Let me repeat that not one in a thousand of those bitten by dogs run any risk of being a victim to this terrible complaint, and probably not one in ten who have been actually bitten by a mad dog do get the disease in question. A large number of those who suffer from it have a morbid dread of it, which has been sometimes produced by the mistaken anxiety of the companions and friends of the bitten persons. If it is certain that the dog which has inflicted the wound is mad, it is right to pour some nitric acid freely into the wound, if it can be done at once, as the acid finds its way into the deepest part of the injured flesh. The application of lunar caustic is not so likely to be as M |