ment; his figures are either too far-fetched, or discordant, or extravagant, so that he becomes cold and mannered besides, in order the better to tune his style, and frame his periods with nicety, he makes use of inefficient words, and unnecessarily lengthens out his discourses.

Of his Orations, thirty-one remain; and among the various editions published, Dr. Harwood pronounces that by Battie, Cambridge, 1729-1748, 2 vols. 8vo, to be the best. 1

ITTIGIUS (THOMAS), a learned professor of divinity at Leipsic, was son of John Ittigius, professor of physic in the same university, and born there in 1644. He received the first part of his education at Leipsic; then went to Rostoc, and lastly to Strasburg, to perfect his studies; after which he was admitted a professor in philosophy at Leipsic, and published a treatise upon burning mountains. He then became a minister, and exercised that function in various churches in the same place. In 1680 he was made archdeacon, and licentiate in divinity; and, in 1691, professor extraordinary in the same faculty, and ordinary professor the ensuing year. He furnished several papers published in the Leipsic Acts: besides which we have of his, "Dissertatio de hæresiarchis ævi apostolici ejus proximi;" "Appendix de hæresiarchis;" "Prolegomena ad Josephi opera;" "Bibliotheca patrum apostolicorum Græco-Latina;" "Historia synodorum nationalium in Gallia à reformatis habitarum ;"" Liber de bibliothecis et catenis patrum;" "Exhortationes theologica;" "Historiæ ecclesiasticæ primi et secundi seculi selecta capita." Some part of this last, did not appear till after the death of the author, which happened April 7, 1710.2

IVES, or YVES, in Latin Ivo, the celebrated bishop of Chartres, was born in the territory of Beauvais, in 1035. He was raised to the see of Chartres in 1092 or 1093, under the pontificate of Urban XI. who had deposed Geofroy, our author's predecessor in the see, for various crimes of which he was accused. Ives particularly signalized his zeal against Philip I. who had put away his wife Bertha, of Holland, and taken Bertrade of Montford, the wife of Fouques de Requin, count of Anjou. This divorce was contrary to the ecclesiastical: law; and the affair would

'Fabric. Bibl. Græc.-Moreri.-Life by Arnaud.-Saxii Onomasticon. • Moreri.-Niceron, vol. XXIX.-Lardner's Works,-Saxii Onomasticon.

have been attended with bad consequences had not the prince's friends interposed. After this, the bishop employed himself wholly in the functions of his ministry, made several religious foundations, and died 1115. His corpse was interred in the church of St. John in the Vale, which he had founded. Pope Pius V. by a bull, dated Dec. 18, 1570, permitted the monks of the congregation of Lateran to celebrate the festival of St. Ives. We have, of his compiling, "A collection of Decrees;" "Exceptiones ecclesiasticarum regularum;" besides " 22 Sermons," and a "Chronicon," all which were collected in 1647 by John Baptist Souciet, a canon of Chartres, in one vol. folio, divided into parts. The " Decrees" were printed in 1561, and there has been another edition since. A collection of canons called the "Pannómia," or "Panormia," and some other pieces printed in the "Bibliotheca patrum," are also ascribed to our bishop.

IVES (JOHN), was the only son of one of the most eminent merchants at Yarmouth, where he was born in 1751. He was entered of Caius college, Cambridge, where he did not long reside; but, returning to Yarmouth, became acquainted with that celebrated antiquary Thomas Martin of Palgrave, and caught from him that taste for antiquities which he pursued during the short period of his life. He was elected F. S. A. 1771, and F. R. S. 1772; and, by favour of the earl of Suffolk, in him the honour of Suffolk herald extraordinary was revived; an office attended with no profit, but valuable to him by the access it gave to the MSS. muniments, &c. of the heralds college, of which he thereby became an honorary member. His first attempt at antiquarian publication was by proposals (without his name) in 1771, for printing an account of Lothingland hundred in Suffolk; for which he had engraved several small plates of arms and monuments in the churches of Friston, Gorleston, Loud, Lowestoffe, and Somerliton, from his own drawings. His next essay was the short preface to Mr. Swinden's "History and Antiquities of Great Yarmouth, in the county of Norfolk, 1772," 4to. Mr. Swinden, who was a schoolmaster in Great Yarmouth, was a" most intimate friend of Mr. Ives, who not only assisted him with his purse, and warmly patronized him while living, but superintended the book for the emolument of

1 Moreri in Yves.-Cave, vol. II.—Saxii Onomasticon in Yves!'

'

the author's widow, and delivered it to the subscribers *. In 1772 he caused to be cut nine wooden plates of old Norfolk seals, entitled "Sigilla antiqua Norfolciensia. Impressit Johannes Ives, S. A. S." and a copper-plate portrait of Mr. Martin holding an urn, since prefixed to Martin's "History of Thetford." On Aug. 16, 1773, by a special licence from the archbishop of Canterbury, he was married at Lambeth church to Miss Kett (of an ancient family in Norfolk), and afterwards resided at Yarmouth.

In imitation of Mr. Walpole (to whom the first number was inscribed), Mr. Ives began in 1773 to publish "Select Papers" from his own collection; of which the second number was printed in 1774, and a third in 1775. Among these are "Remarks upon our English Coins, from the Norman invasion down to the end of the reign of queen Elizabeth," by archbishop Sharp; sir W. Dugdale's "Di-. rections for the Search of Records, and making use of them, in order to an historical Discourse of the Antiquities of Staffordshire;" with "Annals of Gonvile and Caius college, Cambridge;" the "Coronation of Henry VII. and of queen Elizabeth," &c. &c. In 1774 he published, in 12mo, "Remarks upon the Garianonum of the Romans; the scite and remains fixed and described;" with the ichnography of Garianonum, two plates, by B. T. Pouncey; south view of it, Roman antiquities found there, map of the river Yare, from the original in the corporation chest. at Yarmouth, and an inscription on the mantletree of a farm-house. He died of a deep consumption, when he had just entered his twenty-fifth year, June 9, 1776. Considered as an antiquary, much merit is due to Mr. Ives, whose valuable collection was formed in less than five years. His library was sold by auction, March 3-6, 1777, including some curious MSS. (chiefly relating to Suffolk and. Norfolk) belonging to Peter Le Neve, T. Martin, and Francis Blomefield. His coins, medals, ancient paintings, and antiquities, were sold Feb. 13 and 14, 1777. Two portraits of him have been engraven.'

*The author," says Mr. Ives, "closed his life and his work together. The last sheet was in the press at the time of his decease. To me he committed the publication of it. A short, but uninterrupted, friendship subsisted between us. His assiduity, industry,

and application, will appear in the course of the work." Mr. Swinden was buried in the church of St. Nicholas at Yarmouth, in the north-aile, where a handsome mural monument is erected to his memory.

1 Nichols's Bowyer.-Gent. Mag. LVII and LXIII.-Noble's College of Arme. --Grauger's Letters, by Malcolm, p. 101, 296, &c.

IVETAUX (NICHOLAS VANQUELIN, seigneur des), a French poet, was born of a respectable family at la Fresnaye, a castle near Falaise. He discovered early a taste for poetry and the belles lettres, and, after having distinguished himself as a student at Caen, succeeded his father as lieutenant-general of the city; but the marechal d'Estrées persuaded him to resign his post and go to court, where he placed him with M. de Vendôme, son of the celebrated Gabrielle d'Estrées. It was for this young prince that des Ivetaux wrote his poem of "L'Institution du Prince," in which he gives his pupil very sensible, judicious, and even religious advice. After this he was preceptor to the dauphin, afterwards Louis XIII; but his licentious way of life displeased the queen, and occasioned him to be excluded from the court a year after Henry IV. died. A pension and several benefices were, however, given him; but he afterwards resigned his benefices, on being reproached by cardinal Richelieu for his libertinism., Thus free from all restraint, des Ivetaux retired to an elegant house in the fauxbourg St. Germain, where he spent the rest of his days in pleasure and voluptuousness, living in the Epicurean style. Fancying that the pastoral life was the happiest, he dressed himself like a shepherd, and led imaginary flocks about the walks of his garden, repeating to them his lays, accompanied by a girl in the dress of a shepherdess, whom he had picked up with her harp in the streets, and taken for his mistress. Their whole employment was to seek refinements in pleasures, and every day they studied how to render them more exquisite. Thus des Ivetaux passed his latter years; and it has been said that he ordered a saraband to be played when he was dying, to sooth his departing soul; but M. Huet, on the contrary, affirms, that he repented of his errors at the point of death. However that may be, he died in his ninetieth year, at Brianval, near Germigni, in 1649. Besides the poem above mentioned, des Ivetaux left stanzas, sonnets, and other poetical pieces, in the "Délices de la Poésie Françoise," Paris, 1620, 8vo.

1

1 Moreri.-Dict. Hist. de L'Avocat,

1

KAEMPFER (ENGELBERT), an eminent traveller, was born Sept. 16, 1651, at Lemgow in Westphalia, where his father was a minister. After studying in several towns,, and making a quick progress, not only in the learned languages, but also in history, geography, and music, vocal and instrumental, he went to Dantzick, where he made some stay, and gave the first public specimen of his proficiency by a dissertation "De Divisione Majestatis," in 1673. He then went to Thorn, and thence to the university of Cracow; where, for three years, studying philosophy and foreign languages, he took the degree of doctor in philosophy; and then went to Koningsberg, in Prussia, where he stayed four years. All this while he applied himself very intensely to physic and natural history. He next travelled to Sweden, where he soon recommended himself to the university of Upsal, and to the court of Charles XI. a great encourager of learning; insomuch that great offers were made him, upon condition that he would settle there. But he chose to accept the employment of secretary of the embassy, which the court of Sweden was then sending to the sophi of Persia; and in this capacity he set out from Stockholm, March 20, 1683. He went through Aaland, Finland, and Ingermanland, to Narva, where he met Fabricius the ambassador, with whom he arrived at Moscow, the 7th of July. The negociations at the Russian court being ended, they proceeded on to Persia; but had like to have been lost in their passage over the Caspian sea, by an unexpected storm and the unskilfulness of their pilots. During their stay in Georgia, Kæmpfer went in search of simples, and of all the curiosities that could be met with in those parts. He visited all the neighbourhood or Siamachi; and to these laborious and learned excursions we owe the many curious and accurate accounts he has given us in his "Amœnitates Exoticæ," published at Lemgow, in 1712.