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said these words, 'Lord have mercy upon me! I am killed,' immediately fell down. Whereupon Carlile and Irving fled, Carlile to the town, and Irving towards the river; but the latter, mistaking his way, and entering into a court where they sold wood, which was no thoroughfare, he was taken. The Baron of Sanquhar likewise fled. The ordinary officers of justice did their utmost, but could not take them; for, in fact, as appeared afterwards, Carlile fled into Scotland, and towards the sea, thinking to go to Sweden, and Sanquhar hid himself in England."

They did not long, however, elude the vigilance of justice. Having been severally tried and found guilty, Lord Sanquhar was hanged in New Palace Yard, opposite to the entrance to Westminster Hall, and Irving and Carlile in Fleet Street, opposite to the entrance to Whitefriars. Lord Sanquhar's body was allowed to remain suspended a much longer time than usual, in order that "people might take notice of the King's greater justice," in putting the laws in force against a powerful nobleman and one of his own countrymen. Peyton, however, in his "Divine Catastrophe," relates a curious anecdote, which, if true, places the conduct of James in a very different light. Lord Sanquhar, he says, was on one occasion present at the Court of Henry the Fourth of France, when some one happened to speak of his royal master as the "English Solomon." King Henryalluding to the supposed attachment of James's mother to David Rizzio-observed sarcastically-"I hope the name is not given him because he is David the fiddler's son." This conversation was repeated to James, and, accordingly, when, some time afterwards, the friends of Lord Sanquhar implored him to save his life, he is said to have refused the application on the ground that Lord Sanquhar had neglected to resent the insult offered to his sovereign.

Whitefriars continued to enjoy the privilege of a sanctuary till 1697, when, in consequence of the riotous proceedings which constantly took place within its precincts, and the encouragement which it held out to vice and crime, it was abolished by act of Parliament. The other sanctuaries, whose privileges were swept away at the same time, were those of Mitre Court, Ram Alley, and Salisbury Court, Fleet Street; the Savoy in the Strand; Fulwood's Rents, Holborn; Baldwin's Gardens, in Gray's Inn Lane; the Minories, and Deadman Place, Montague Close; and the Clink, and the Mint, in Southwark. In the "Tatler" of the 10th of September, 1709, Alsatia is spoken of as being in ruins.

The great lawyer, John Shelden-James Shirley, the dramatic poet-John Ogilvy, the poet, and Sir Balthazar Gerbier, the painter, were at different periods residents in Whitefriars. Selden died here, in 1654, in the Friary House, the residence of the Countess of Kent, to whom there is reason to believe that he was privately married.

LONDON BRIDGE.

ANTIQUITY OF OLD LONDON BRIDGE.-LEGEND OF THE ERECTION OF THE FIRST BRIDGE.-CANUTE'S EXPEDITION. THE FIRST STONE BRIDGE.-ITS APPEARANCE.-TRAITORS' HEADS AFFIXED THEREON.-TENANTS AND ACCIDENTS ON IT.-SUICIDES UNDER IT.—PAGEANTS ACROSS, AND FIGHTS ON IT. EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE.-WAT TYLER.-LORDS WELLES AND LINDSAY.RICHARD II.-HENRY V.-SIGISMUND.-HENRY VI.-JACK CADE. -BASTARD OF FALCON BRIDGE.-WOLSEY.-OSBORNE.-WYATT.-CHARLES II. -DECAPITATED PERSONS.

OF

F the ancient structures which have been swept away within the memory of living persons, there is not one which was more replete with historical and romantic associations than Old London Bridge. At the time of its demolition in 1832, it had existed upward of six centuries. From the days of the Normans till the reign of George the Second it had been the only thoroughfare which had united, not only the southern counties of England, but the whole of Europe, with the great metropolis of the West. Apart from its connection with ancient manners and customs, we must remember that, for a long lapse of years, it was over this famous causeway that the wise, the noble, and the beautiful, from all countries and all climes, the adventurer in search of gold-the Jesuit employed on his dark mission of mystery and intrigue-the ambassador followed by his gorgeous suites-philosophers, statesmen, and poets— passed in their journey to the great commercial capital of the world. Every princely procession from the continent of

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ANTIQUITY OF LONDON BRIDGE.

Europe-every fair bride who has come over to be wedded. to our earlier sovereigns-every illustrious prisoner, from the days of Cressy and Agincourt to those of Blenheim and Ramillies, has passed in succession over Old London Bridge. Westminster Abbey, the Tower, and the Temple Church, still remain to us as venerable relics of the past; but Old London Bridge, with its host of historical associations, has passed away for ever!

Stow, on the authority of Bartholomew Linsted, alias Fowle, the last prior of the church of St. Mary Overy's, Southwark, relates a curious legend in regard to the circumstances which first led to the erection of a bridge over the Thames at London. "A ferry," he says, "being kept in place where now the bridge is builded, at length the ferryman and his wife deceasing, left the same ferry to their only daughter, a maiden named Mary, which, with the goods left by her parents, and also with the profits arising out of the said ferry, builded an house of Sisters in place where now standeth the east part of St. Mary Overy's church, above the quire, where she was buried, unto which house she gave the oversight and profits of the ferry. But afterwards the said house of Sisters being converted into a college of priests, the priests builded the bridge of (timber), as all the other the great bridges of this land were, and from time to time kept the same in good reparations; till at length, considering the great charges of repairing the same, there was, by aid of the citizens of London and others, a bridge built with arches of stone."

That at a very remote period there existed a constructed passage over the Thames nearly on the site of the present London Bridge, there is every reason to believe. The first notice, however, of a "bridge" is to be found in 994, in the reign of Ethelred the Second. It was supported by piles,

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or posts, sunk in the bed of the river; was fortified with turrets and bulwarks, and was broad enough to admit of one carriage passing another. It was in this reign that Olaf, or Olave, King of Norway, sailed in his expedition up the Thames as far as London, for the purpose of assisting King Ethelred to drive away the Danish adventurers who then held possession, not only of the metropolis, but of a great portion of the kingdom. It was in the successful attempt to reduce the defences of the bridge that the great fight took place between the contending parties. Victory decided in favour of the English. In the conflict a vast number of the Danes were either killed or drowned, the remainder, who fled in all directions, being speedily compelled to submit to the authority of King Ethelred.

The bridge on this occasion is said to have been completely destroyed; but that it was speedily rebuilt is evident from the fact of the forces of Canute, King of Denmark, having been impeded by a bridge at London on the occasion of his leading a fleet up the Thames in 1016. Defeated in his attempts to reduce the bridge by assault, he had recourse to an expedient which shows how great were his resources. "He caused," says Pennant, "a prodigious ditch to be cut on the south side of the Thames, at Rotherhithe, or Redriff, a little to the east of Southwark, which he continued at a distance from the south end of the bridge, in form of a semicircle, opening into the western part of the river. Through this he drew his ships, and effectually completed the blockade of the city. But the valour of the citizens obliged him to raise the siege. Evidences of this great work were found in the place called the Dock Head at Redriff, where it began. Fascines of hazels and other brushwood, fastened down with stakes, were discovered in digging that dock in 1694; and in other parts of its course have been