[There is no parallel to this verse.] 33

fourscore and four. Moreover, the porters, Akkub, Talmon, and their brethren that kept the gates, were a hundred seventy and two."

But ix. 18-34, is entirely different from Neh. xi. 20-36, for Neh. xi. 20, speaks of such as dwelt in the country, each on his own estate; verse 21, of the "peculiar people; " verses 22, 23, treat of the Levites; verse 24, of the royal magistrate; verse 25, sqq., of the inhabitants of the country towns; - and all of this refers to the state of things in Nehemiah's time. But in the Chronicles, on the contrary, every thing is rather Levitical, and extending

backwards to the time of Moses. Movers considers verses 18-25 an interpolation by the Chronicler, and that the document is resumed in verse 26. But the whole passage, from verse 18, is a more modern addition. It departs from the main design and purport of this list, which is resumed at verse 34. This passage, (verses 18 -25,) like the whole chapter, is a recasting of Neh. xi. But it is not from the age of Nehemiah, as Movers has erroneously concluded from verse 18, which does not relate to the particular individuals designated before, but to the whole class of porters. A contemporary of Nehemiah could not have disfigured the list so badly, nor have referred to the circumstances of other times.

The following is characteristic: Chap. ix. 34, " These are the heads of families of the Levites according to their families, chiefs; these dwelt at Jerusalem." This is similar to viii. 28, where it is said, in the midst of a register of the Benjamite families, "These are the heads. of families, according to their families, chiefs; these dwelt at Jerusalem." It is like verse 32, "These.... dwelt at Jerusalem." Then, (ix. 34,) after taking occasion from the words "these dwelt at Jerusalem," the author returns to his list of the Benjamite families, (so

that ix. 38, is parallel with viii. 32,) and adheres to it throughout the passage, (35-44,) though he makes a few deviations." The words in viii. 32, "These also dwelt at Jerusalem," stand there without any connection, for the same words, which occur in viii. 28, are, in ix. 34, applied to the Levites. Movers explains this confusion as the fault of a transcriber.

These books are not without their chasms and inaccuracies. For example, the list of high priests, (v. 30 -41,) though it is more perfect than that in Ezra, (vii. 1, sqq.,) has its chasms. The number of high priests— twenty-two is not sufficient for so long a period. The sons of Zerah, Zimri, Ethan, Heman, Calcol, and Dara, (ii. 6,) are probably the same that occur in 1 Kings v. 11, (English Bible, iv. 31.) But in Ps. lxxxviii. 1, Heman and Ethan appear among the Levites of David's time, (vi. 18, 29.)"

In ii. 49, Caleb, that is, Calubai, is confounded with the well-known Caleb the son of Jephunneh. Movers thinks the passage is an interpolation. The Caleb,

whose children are enumerated in verse 50, is still different, or else there is another and somewhat similar genealogy. Caleb, in verse 50, is the son of Hur, and the first-born of Ephratah; but in verse 19, he is the son of Hezron, and the husband of Ephrath, and father of Hur.

C

See Movers, p. 237. What Hävernik (vol. ii. pt. i. p. 180) says to the contrary is unintelligible.

* On iii. 15, see Hitzig, Kritik. p. 189, and, on the other hand, Movers, p. 157, who, at least, admits the existence of an error in the statement that Shallum the same as Johas - is mentioned as the fourth son of Josiah. In iii. 19, Zerubbabel is the son of Pedaiah; in Ezra iii. 2, the son of Shealtiel. Here Movers and Hävernik help themselves out of the difficulty by assuming a Levirate marriage had taken place. Chap. vi. 7, sqq., is defective, compared with Ex. vi. 23, 24. So are verses 18-23. See Movers, p. 236.

[In iv. 17, 18, something has, perhaps, fallen from the text, for, after the sons of Ezra are named, it is said, "she bare Miriam," &c., while there is no antecedent to the pronoun she. The same has, perhaps, taken place after verse 18, for it says, "these are the sons of Bithiah," and no list is given; and likewise after verse 19, where the sons of Hodiah are mentioned in general, but no list of them is given.]

There are some remarkable historical notices:

Chap. iv. 21-23. "The sons of Shelah the son of Judah were, Er the father of Lecah, and Laadah the father of Mareshah, and the families of the house of them that wrought fine linen, of the house of Ashbea, and Jokim, and the men of Chozeba, and Joash, and Saraph, who had the dominion in Moab, and Jashubi-lehem. And these are ancient things." These were the potters, and those that dwelt among plants and hedges: there they dwelt with the king for his work."

a

Chap. iv. 38-43. "These mentioned by their names were princes in their families: and the house of their fathers increased greatly. And they went to the entrance of Gedor, even unto the east side of the valley, to seek pasture for their flocks. And they found fat pasture and good, and the land was wide, and quiet, and peaceable; for they of Ham had dwelt there of old. And these written by name came in the days of Hezekiah king of Judah, and smote their tents, and the habitations that were found there, and destroyed them utterly unto this day, and dwelt in their rooms: because there was pasture there for their flocks. And some of them, even of the sons of Simeon, five hundred men, went to Mount Seir, having for their captains Pelatiah, and Neariah, and Rephaiah, and Uzziel, the the sons of Ishi. And they smote the rest of the Amalekites that were escaped, and dwelt there unto this day."

Chap. v. 10. "And in the days of Saul they made war with the

Compare vii. 6, and viii. 1, with Gen. xlvi. 21. See more examples, in Gramberg, 1. c. p. 51, sqq.

a [Horne (pt. v. ch. ii. sect. vii. vol. ii. p. 222) thinks these words refer to "old records," which the Chronicler quoted, as a modern historian writes "Gibbon" in the margin as his authority for a fact.]

Hagarites, who fell by their hand: and they dwelt in their tents throughout all the east land of Gilead."

Chap. v. 19-22. "And they made war with the Hagarites, with Jetur, and Nephish, and Nodab. And they were helped against them, and the Hagarites were delivered into their hand, and all that were with them: for they cried to God in the battle, and he was entreated of them; because they put their trust in him. And they took away their cattle; of their camels fifty thousand, and of sheep two hundred and fifty thousand, and of asses two thousand, and of men a hundred thousand. For there fell down many slain, because the war was of God. And they dwelt in their steads until the captivity."

Chap. vii. 21-24. "And Zabad his son, and Shuthelah his son, and Ezer, and Elead, whom the men of Gath that were born in that land slew, because they came down to take away their cattle. And Ephraim their father mourned many days, and his brethren came to comfort him.

"And when he went in to his wife, she conceived and bare a son, and he called his name Beriah, because it went evil with his house. And his daughter was Sherah, who built Beth-horon the nether, and the upper, and Uzzen-sherah.”

§ 188.

THE SAME SUBJECT CONTINUED.

II. 1 Ch. x.-xxix. contains the history of David. In some parts, this is entirely consistent with that in the books of Samuel, but it is distinguished from that by having several accounts peculiar to itself, and especially by its Levitical accounts.

III. The history of Solomon; 2 Ch. i.-ix.

It

IV. 2 Ch. x.-xxviii. The history of the kingdom of Judah while the kingdom of Israel also subsisted. does not contain the history of Israel.

V. 2 Ch. xxix.-xxxvi. The history of Judah after