Of the courage and eloquence with which these men so distinguished themselves in those revolutionary times we now wish to speak. This sentence is to be turned according to the natural order : Nous désirons maintenant parler du courage et de l'éloquence de ces hommes qui se distinguèrent pendant ces temps orageux. Recapitulating the constructions and turns of sentences which are peculiar, and give in French a sort of elegance and liveliness, it may be noticed that 1. The active voice is preferred to the passive. 2. The present tense used instead of the past. 3. The interrogative form used when enumerating a series of habitual actions. Whenever he happened to pass through the public garden, everybody was eager to see him, Lui arrivait-il dépasser par le jardin public, tout le monde s'empressait de le voir. 4. Infinitives as nominatives, and beginning the sentence which becomes elliptical, are used to express hurry when a series of actions takes place (see p. 111). 5. Making the infinitive the nominative of the sentence, which is expressed in English by the gerund. Lire est une bonne occupation, VI. OF THE PLACING OF INCIDENTAL SENTENCES. Incidental sentences are to be placed so as to avoid ambiguity, and are not to be accumulated in too great a number. Here follow some sentences which, by the changes of construction to which they are liable, will show how easily the sense may be altered. On voit bien des gens qui, avec de l'esprit, font de très-grandes erreurs. On voit bien des gens qui font de très-grandes erreurs avec de l'esprit. Vous vous flattez en vain de ramener, par la douceur, ces esprits abattus. Vous vous flattez en vain de ramener ces esprits égarés par la douceur. RECAPITULATORY EXERCISES. The numbers between Parentheses refer to those affixed each Rule in the Syntax. ON THE ARTICLES. (1) Is French more difficult to learn than English? (14) George the Fourth, the eldest (15) son of George the Third, was crowned in the year 1820. Charles the Fifth* gave* up his throne to Philip the Second. If you wish to learn to speak (19) French, you must not lose an (5) opportunity of speaking it. (4) Are you acquainted with † Lord B.? Why do you not write to Captain W.? (5) How much is this ribbon a yard? I cannot live without (17) money. Without (10) passions there would be no virtue. I have some (23) bread, but I have no (35) meat. The face of (22) man is the book in which you may read and learn what takes place ‡ in his mind. I was very much astonished at seeing a (29) man's face appear all of a sudden. We went to see a gentleman who is studying Phrenology, and he showed us men's and women's heads, monkeys', elephants', horses', &c. What are those works? Here is one entitled, 'A (48) History of France,' another, A Treatise upon the Human Mind;' there are a great many others, the names of which (139) I cannot remember. As a (45) member of that society, you should § endeavour to support it. He speaks like a foreigner. As a foreigner he speaks very well. Mr. B., a (46) merchant, has endeavoured to settle all accounts. As an Englishman, it is very natural you should think (294) as you do (88). Is he known as a painter or as a sculptor? What a (49) charming spot, and what beautiful gardens. ON SUBSTANTIVES. (54) Have you been to Mrs. A.'s concert? Is Mrs. B.'s house as good as (55) Mrs. D.'s? Let us go to my friend Wilson's. St. Paul's is not so magnificent as St. Peter's. Your violin is very good; but your friend's is better still. (23) Is that gold or silver? It is silver. Is that metal gold or silver? It is silver. (29) We have bought brass and silver candlesticks and steel snuffers. (57) Were the snuffers with (57) a spring? Did you also buy table-spoons and tea-spoons? Yes; we shall also buy cnina tea-cups. Bring the silver branchedcandlesticks. Are those marble or stone pillars? What shall you have for dinner? (59) A meat pie and an apple tart. I am very fond of milk-rice. Do you not like plum-pudding? We shall have a calf's • Quint-abandonner. + Connaître. Devries. + Avoir lica. head, a shoulder of mutton, and a pigeon pie. Where is your bed. room ?* (60) The long-eared animal came forward. ON ADJECTIVES. Have his boots and shoes been cleaned? The room was swept, and the furniture well rubbed. Is that music pretty? That violin and that flute are very good. (63) He makest his sisters happy. You make your brothers and sisters unhappy. A tall young man. A large powerful man. (64.) That is a very stout woman. She (356) is a fine, clever, well-behaved woman. Have they blue or black eyes? (62) We have bought a large round table, and a small square chest of drawers. You were talking to a very pretty young lady. How tall is your brother? (66) He is five feet ten inches. Is that window four feet wide? No, it is only three and a half. I saw, the other day, a tree three feet in diameter. That well is four and twenty feet in circumference. (68) By how much is your boy grown lately? By three inches at least. He is stronger than (73) he was, by much. How old are you? I am a twelvemonth older than you. That ditch is more than twenty feet long, and not less than three feet broad. The most ambitious (77) men are generally the most unhappy. (75) Who is reckoned the most learned man in the University? He is not the cleverest in the class, but he is the most studious. (78) The more we learn, the more we wish to learn, and the more also we perceive we have to learn. The older (79) wine is, the better it is. The more difficult a thing is, the more merit there is in accomplishing§ it. Your father has (42) bad health, but he is not the less (81) agreeable in company; he seems, on the contrary, to be so much the more (80) content and cheerful as he has the less cause to be so. ON PRONOUNS. (82) He alone is capable of doing such a thing. You will read, and I will write. Do not give this ring to him, give it to her. First (105) speak to me, then to him, then to her, and afterwards to them. You and I (84) understood what they meant. You and they may go and take a walk. (88) Are you tired? Yes, I am. Are they guilty? Yes, they are. Are you Mr. B.'s daughter? Yes, I am. You have not done what I told you. I beg your pardon, I have. (89) Is he as ill as he was? I do not think he is. (90) Play him a piece of music. Do not tell her what you have heard. Tell them everything you have heard. (107) Think of me. I am speaking of thee. If you have any paper, give us some, (96) for we have none. How many horses have they? They have five; (97) but they find they have too many, therefore they mean to sell two. This fine piece of furniture ¶ is broken; have ** it mended, have a new leg tt put to it. Are (55) you going to your father's? Yes, I am. (94) Will you go with me * Turn-Room to lie. Turn-He renders. Turn-What age have you? I have a year, &c. § Venir à bout de. A piece of furniture, un meuble; pieces of furniture, des meubles **When have means to cause to, translate it by faire. #red. He is very to my uncle's house? No, I am just come from there. fond of mathematics, and he applies very closely to then. We are going to Hackney. Do (177) any of your friends live there? Yes, my father does. (319) Have you the parcel I was speaking of? (187) Yes, I have. Well, give it me, (100) for I wish to send it to your cousin. (99) No, I cannot give it to you, I will give it to him myself. Why did you not send it to him before? Because it had not been sent to me. Why are you astonished (244) at receiving a letter? Because I did not expect it. (241) Look at me. (100) Do not look at me. Make haste. Do not make haste. Send it me. Do not send me any. I give myself up to thee. (106) He applies to us. thinking of? I was thinking (107) of you. haste. Whom were you Come to us, run, make There is a stool, sit upon it. (111) Before that event. Before the fire. The play will begin at seven o'clock, but I shall see you before. Is he out of the house? When I came, he was out. Do not put my hat upon the table; put it under. like to have more. In my pocket. into it. I have not books enough; I should (112) Has he trod upon your feet? I am afraid you (364) have (113) hurt your finger. He has put out his wrist. Have you wiped your hands? Shut your eyes. (114) Open your mouth. (115) They came in with their eyes cast down. Their heads were chopped off. He broke one of his teeth. Take care, you will put his eye out. Is that diamond yours? (118) It is not mine, but it is my mother's. Of all these jewels, which is yours? Here is mine, and there is my mother's? Whose carriage is that? It is the Duke of C.'s. It is not so handsome as the Countess of B.'s. One ought to watch over | one's property. (122) I like the house itself, but not its situation. We like that house, its (121) appearance, and its situation. How much do you mean to sell that picture of yours for? (123) There is a friend of mine in the hall who wishes to speak to me. (125) Sir, how are your mother and sister? Cousin, come and speak to me. Brother, somebody wants you. (126) The man who accuses you is the one you ought to fear. (127) The ladies with whom we were walking. I like that knife, the handle is very well finished, and the blades are of good steel. Whom have you seen? Whom has he beaten? Whom were they playing with? (128) The houses which (126) belong to you, and those which you have built, are delightful. (135) What do you think of that man? (146) What exploits has he performed? Have you read the book he uses? You are indebted to your father and mother for the health and fortune (137) you enjoy. Here comes the artist whose (138) picture pleased you so much. Is that the artist whose (139) picture I have bought? There is the artist for whose (140) picture you have given a hundred guineas. The reasons, on the strength of which I rely, will, I hope, persuade the man whose obstinacy has hitherto caused your misfortunes. Where can you find any one upon whose honesty one may depend? Do not touch the penknife with which (143) I make my pens. Let me look at the silk and fur you gave so much for. You saw so many beautiful jewels in that shop that you did not know which (144) to choose. Of all these ladies, which are you going to apply to? With which wil you dance? What (146) music do you mean to play? To which (146) instrument do you give the preference? Whose composition are you most pleased with ?* Whose voice is that I hear? For whose sake did you run the risk of your life? You see those books and those instruments; well, they are my greatest amusement. What do you sew this cambric with? This is what I work with. (148) What are you busy about? This is what I am busy about. Where is the drawer in which you have put my papers? (150) Yonder is the spot in which you were born. To get there, where have you to go through? Through two villages. Whose book is that? Whose houses are those? Where do you come from? What places shall you go through? Do you see that (154) bird? Will you buy those chairs? Take this (155) and give me that. What will you do with that? What did you give for this? There are some chairs, take this (156) and give me that. No, this is broken, and that is not dusted. Is that Mr. B.'s garden? No, it is Mr. C.'s. (157) Your writing is not so good as your brother's. He who (158) says so does not tell the truth. She whom you saw the other day is come to settle with you about that affair. Do not give me this pen, give me that, and take the one I offered you at first. That house is pretty; but the one I was speaking of, and in which I now live, is much finer. These guns seem very good; but those for which you gave so much money are better still. (161) They are truly miserable who find no pleasure in hearing of other people's success. I know what (163) pleases you. We do not know what you mean. Do you know what I am speaking of? Have I told you what I want, and what I am fit for? (168) What do they say about the news? (170) No news has been received at the Admiralty. Some one wants to speak to you. A dinner was got ready for you. No one knows of your arrival. (173) However clever they may be! Whatever (174) books you may read, you will never acquire knowledge if you do not reflect on what you read. (175) Whatever your acquaintances may be, I shall never have confidence in you. (185) They correspond, and always speak well of each other. Apply to either, (189) you will not receive a satisfactory answer. They depend on each other. They cannot do without one another. I cannot rely upon either. Did you ever see anybody (196) so well informed? There were several ladies in the room; but none that were handsome. He showed me several pieces of furniture; but (192) none suitable. Nobody has a right to speak on such an occasion. We have not seen anything (199) agreeable. There is nothing well done in this picture. Such (203) an artist as he ought not to suffer himself to be led away by mere fashion. All his goods are sold. The whole (207) army was for the king. (210) Whatever is, is right. Every man should first think of doing his duty. (215) This stuff is quite different from the one I showed you. Your sisters were quite altered (in their appearance); they looked quite ill. Convenient as these tables are, they will not suit me. (216) Agreeable as those ladies are, they do not please. Extensive as these gardens are, yet * Turn-Which is the author whose composition pleases you most? (or) a whom do you like best the composition? + Turn-To whom that book? (or) to whom is that book? Turn-But there were none pretty. |