Center and side heads. MISCELLANEOUS 283. The responsibility for uniformity in type used for heads of coordinate rank rests with copy preparers. 284. Unless otherwise marked, center heads are set in capitals; side heads are set in lower-case, only first word and proper names capitalized. Overs for flush heads will be 2 ems unless otherwise prepared. Text heads set in capitals will be leaded unless otherwise prepared. (a) In matter set in caps and small caps or caps and lower-case, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, prepositions and conjunctions of four or more letters, verbs (including both elements of the verb to be), adverbs, and interjections are capitalized. 285. Periods are omitted after center heads and running heads; periods are used after flush and cut-in side heads, and a period and dash after a side head run in with the text, except such terms as Article 1, Section 1. 286. Division of words should be avoided in center heads making more than one line, and the first line should be centered, not made to fill the measure by unduly wide spacing. 287. Center heads set in capitals are spaced with at least en quads between words, and the space is widened proportionately for an extended face or for letter-spaced words. 288. In heads set in capitals a small-cap c or ac, if available, is used in such names as McLean or MacLeod; otherwise a lower-case c or ac. In heads set in small caps an apostrophe is used instead of the c, but space is used after the ac. Citations. (See also Reference marks and footnotes.) 289. In text a parenthetical citation at the end of a sentence is included within the sentence unless it forms a sentence in itself or unless copy is specifically marked otherwise; but if a sentence contains more than one parenthetical reference, the one at the end is placed before the period. Division of words, etc. (See also Center and side heads.) 290. The division of words at the ends of more than two consecutive lines must be avoided so far as possible. 291. Hyphened words are preferably divided at the compounding hyphen. 292. A word should not be divided on a single letter; division on two letters should be avoided if possible. 293. The last word on a page and the last word of the last full line of a paragraph are preferably not divided. 294. Division of words should be minimized in leaded matter and avoided so far as possible in double-leaded matter. 295. Such abbreviations as U. S. N., D. C., M. D., B. C., a. m., and NW should not be divided at the end of a line. 296. Initials should not be divided at the end of a line, and preferably they are not separated from the surname; Esq., Sr., and Jr. should not be separated from the names to which they belong. "Et cetera", "etc.", "and so forth." 297. In printing a speaker's language, the words and so forth or et cetera are used not the abbreviation etc. If a quoted extract is set in type smaller than that of the preceding text and the speaker has summed up the remainder of the quotation with the words and so forth or et cetera, those words should be placed at the beginning of the following paragraph. Footnotes. (See Reference marks and footnotes, p. 143.) Indentions. 298. In document or narrower measure the paragraph indention is 1 em. 299. Overruns in hanging indentions are 1 em more than the first line, except that to avoid conflict with a following indention (for example, of a subentry) the overrun indention is made 1 em more than the following line. 300. In matter wider than document measure the indention for paragraphs is 2 ems instead of 1 em, and the indentions on date lines, addresses, and signatures are increased by 1 em. 301. The indention of matter set in smaller type should be the same, in points, as that of the main text if the indented lines are in juxtaposition. Indexes and tables of contents. 302. Indexes and tables of contents are set in the same style as the text, except that See and see also are set in italic. Page, section, paragraph, etc., over figure columns are set in roman. General instructions__ Capitalization (see also Abbreviations). Page 5 16 (a) The figure column is 3 ems wide unless otherwise indicated. 303. In indexes set with leaders, if the page numbers will not all go in the leader line, the first number only is set in that line and the other numbers are overrun; but to save an overrun the page numbers may be run back within an em leader of the entry, with an en quad between the leader and the figures. If page folios overrun_ 220, 224, 227, 230, 240 This way to save overruns__ 220, 224, 227, 230, 235, 238, 240, 247, 260 220, And this way when overrun 304. The overrun page numbers are indented 7 ems in full measure and 31⁄2 ems in half measure, more than one line being used if necessary. These indentions are increased as necessary to not less than 2 ems more than the line above or below. 305. In index entries the following forms are used: Brown, A. H., Jr. (not Brown, Jr., A. H.) Brown, A. H., & Sons (not Brown & Sons, A. H.) 306. In a table of contents, where such a word as chapter, plate, or figure is followed by a number and period in the first line and cleared in the following lines, an en quad is used after the period in the first line, and the periods are alined. 307. Subheads in indexes and tables of contents are centered in the full measure. If such subheads extend to the figure column, the figure column and an equal number of ems on the left are cleared. Leads and slugs. (See Spacing, p. 144.) Legends for illustrations. 308. Legends and explanatory matter of one or two lines are centered; if more than two lines they are set with hanging indention. If an illustration is narrower than full measure and text is run at the side of it the legend is set the width of the illustration; if text is not to be run at the side of the illustration the legend is set full measure regardless of the width of the illustration, unless copy is otherwise marked. 309. Legends are leaded if the text is leaded and are set solid if the text is solid. 310. Legend lines of illustrations which run the broad way should be printed to read up; that is, the even-page legend should be on the binding (or inside) margin and the odd-page legend on the outside margin. 311. Letter symbols used in legends for illustrations are set in italic without periods and are capitalized only if so shown in copy. 312. Periods are used after legends and explanatory matter beneath illustrations. Letters illustrating shapes and forms. 313. Letters used to illustrate shapes and forms, as U-shape (d), A-frame, T-rail, are set in gothic-case 392 for 10-point, case 391 for 8-point, and case 390 for 6-point except that for I-beam cases 14, 13, and 12, respectively, are used. Plurals are formed by adding the apostrophe and s, as T's, Y's, etc. A gothic capital is not used in X-ray and U-boat, which have no reference to shape or form. Numbered paragraphs or items. 314. A period and en quad are used after a number or letter at the beginning of a paragraph or item, but if parentheses are used the period is omitted. (a) When a figure is followed by a letter in parentheses, a space is used between figure and letter; but if the letter is not in parentheses and the figure is repeated with each letter, the letter is set close up the figure. to (b) If a figure and a letter in parentheses are both used before each paragraph, a period is used after the letter; if the figure is not repeated before each letter in parentheses but is used only before the first, the period is placed after the figure. 15 (a). When the figure is used before the letter in each paragraph— 15 (b). The period is placed after the letter. 15. (a) When the figure is used before letter in first paragraph but not repeated with subsequent letters (b) The period is used after the figure only. Reference marks and footnotes. 315. For reference marks superior figures are used, separated from the words to which they apply by thin spaces, unless immediately preceded by a period or comma. Unless copy and proofs are otherwise marked, text footnotes are numbered consecutively from 1 to 99, but in a publication that is divided into chapters or articles the reference numbers begin with 1 in each chapter or article. A superior reference mark follows all punctuation marks except a dash. Two footnote references occurring together are separated by a thin space, not a comma. (a) A thin-space bear-off is not used when asterisk, dagger, or other similar character is used for reference. 316. Where reference figures might lead to ambiguity (for example, in matter containing exponents), asterisks, daggers, etc., or italic superior letters may be used. 317. Footnotes are set in the same measure as the text to which they belong. Footnotes to indented matter are set full measure. 318. Footnotes are set as paragraphs and are separated from the text by a 50-point rule, flush on the left, with two leads above and below the rule. Two or more short footnotes coming together may be combined by the maker-up in one line, with the blank spaces equalized, provided the spaces are not less than 2 ems. 319. Unless copy is otherwise marked, footnotes to 12-point text (except 12-point briefs) are set in 8-point; footnotes to 10-point and 8-point text are set in 6-point. Sidenotes and cut-in notes. 320. Sidenotes and cut-in notes are set each line flush on left and ragged on right, unless otherwise prepared, and are always set solid. The measure allowed for cut-in notes is 12 ems of 6-point unless otherwise marked, and the note bears off from the text, above, below, and at the side, not less than an em of the text type. 321. The cut-in note begins on the third line of the paragraph if the length of the paragraph permits. Spacing. 322. Spacing of text is governed by the leading, narrow spacing being more desirable in solid matter than in leaded matter. Very thin or very wide spacing in the first line of a paragraph should be avoided. 323. If the last line of a paragraph follows a widely spaced line, it is spaced with en quads instead of 3-em spaces. 324. Center heads are separated from the text by slugs, the space below the head being at least 2 points less than the space above-10point slug above and 8-point slug below in 10-point text; 8-point slug above and 6-point slug below in 8- and 6-point text. 325. "Two leads", "three leads", and similar designations marked on copy mean two leads in all, three leads in all, etc. 326. Flush heads are separated from text by two leads above and one lead below in solid matter and by three leads above and two leads below in leaded matter unless otherwise marked. 327. Unless otherwise marked, where extracts or other matter are set off from the main text by smaller type or indention, or where the introductory paragraph reads to a flush line below the extract, they are separated from the text by three leads in leaded matter and two leads in solid matter. Extracts set solid in leaded matter are separated from text by three leads. |