up arms on the Queen's marriage, 369; took no part in the murder of Darnley, 373; Spottiswoode's opinion of, 377: his perspicacity and firm- ness, 380; brings foward the "cas- ket letters," 381.
Mysticism, the nature of, 65; in An- selm, 65; of Briçonnet and his friends, 245.
Mystics, in the Middle Ages, 65; works on the, 65; the pioneers of the Ref- ormation, 67.
Names, how rendered into Greek and Latin, 97.
Nantes, Edict of, established, 283; its revocation, 454.
Naples, Protestantism in, 394, 395. Nationalism, rise and characteristics of,
31; exhibited by the Legists, 36; opposed to Boniface VIII., 36. Navarre, Henry d'Albret, king of, 246. Navarre, Anthony of, his opposition to the Guises, 258; his character and aims, 258; won over to the Catholics, 267; his death, 269.
Neander, on the Middle Ages, 9; on the origin of the Episcopate, 15; on the religious feeling of the German race, 86; on Zwingle, 143; on the origin and nature of Rationalism, 546. Nemours, Duchess of, 274. Nepotism of the Popes, 45. Netherlands, sects in, before the Refor- mation, 57; thrift and intelligence of the, 285; relation to the German Empire (1518), 286; how Protestant- ism was introduced into the, 280; persecution under Charles V., 287; number of martyrs under Charles V. in the, 289; first complaints against Philip II., 292; the inquisition in the, 294; hatred of the Spaniards in the, 297; icononoclasm in the, 299;` "Council of Blood," in the, 302; submission of the Catholic provinces to Philip, 309; preponderance of the Calvinists in the, 311.
New England, cause of its settlement, 439.
Nicholas I., Pope, his power, 25. Nicholas V., Pope, his grant to Al- phonso, King of Portugal, 47. Nicole, 452.
Nimeguen, Treaty of, 455. Nominalism, its effect on scholasticism, 70.
Nordlingen, battle of, 431. Norfolk, his rebellion, 381. Norway, the Reformation in, 175. Nostradamus, the astrologer, 3. Nuremberg, Diet of (1522), presents one hundred complaints against the See of Rome,115: Diet of (1524), remands the subject of the Worms decree to the several princes, 115; Peace of. (1532), 57.
Occam, William of, maintains the cause of the civil authority, 40; his nominalism and sceptical philosophy, 70; his relation to Luther's doctrine of the Eucharist, 151. Ochino, becomes a Protestant, 394; flies from Italy, 404; a professor at Ox- ford, 326; a Unitarian, 478. Ecolampadius, his character, 143; on the doctrine of Servetus, 227. Oldenburg, Count of, 175. Old Testament, character of the re- ligion of the, 14. Olivetan, Peter, 194. 'Opposants," 453.
Oratory of Divine Love, its members and spirit, 392.
Orders, rise of the mendicant, 31; in-
dicate a revival of religious zeal, 397. Osiander, 322.
Otho I., the Holy Roman Empire be- gins with him, 25.
Otho III., intervenes in the affairs of the Papacy, 25. Otho IV., excommunicated by Inno- cent III., 30. Oxenstiern, 430.
Palfrey, his history of New England, 441.
Pallavicini, on Leo X., 46.
Passau, Treaty of, 167. Patrick, Bishop, 446. Paul, the Apostle, his Catholic inter- pretation of Christianity, 14. Paul III., Pope, his belief in astrology, 3; encourages Francis I. to aid the Protestants, 49; allied with Francis I. against Charles V., 165; friendly to the Catholic reforming party, 395: his Commissions of Reform, 395; transfers the Council of Trent to Bologna, 401.
Paul IV., his administration, 411; his treatment of Elizabeth, 411; his re- lations to Queen Mary of England, 330.
Pantheism, its relation to Deism, 544. Papacy, its relation to the sacerdotal order, 14; its growth favored by political circumstances, 21; its alli- ance with the Franks, 22; its relation to Charlemagne, 23; how affected by the divisions of his empire, 24; ex- alted by the Pseudo-Isidorian Decre- tals, 24; period of Pornocracy in the, 25; intervention of Otho I., Otho III., and Henry III., in the affairs of the, 25; Hildebrand's idea of the, 26; its conflict with the Empire, 26; its advantages in this conflict, 27; aided in the conflict by divisions in Germany, 27; victory of the, 28; cul- mination of its power, 29; how affected by the rule of celibacy, 29; theory of the, advanced by Innocent III., 29; nature of its struggle with the Em- pire, 32; benefits of the, in the Middle Ages, 32; how treated by Dante, Pe- trarch, and Boccaccio, 34; reaction against the, 36; decline of its prestige, 38; in the period of Babylonian cap- tivity, 38; its aggressions upon Ger- many, England, and other countries, 38; the Great Schism, 42; Gallican theory of the, 42; spirit of the, in the 15th century, 44; secularizing of the, 50; character of the in the Middle Ages, 50; its weakness under and after Louis XIV., 457. Parkman, his work on the Jesuits in Pfefferkorn, 75. America, 550.
Parliament, the French, supports or- thodoxy, 242, 244; the Scottish, confirms the establishment of Prot- estantism, 378.
Parma, Alexander of, in command in the Netherlands, 306; the Catholic provinces submit to him,310; Philip's design to dismiss him, 310; his con- test with Henry IV. in France, 280. Paris, a seat of Catholic fanaticism, 269.
Paris, University of, condemns the
"Colloquies" of Erasmus, 81. Pascal, his "Provincial letters," 452, 525.
Pavia, battle of, 116.
Pepin, his usurpation, 23; delivers the Рарасу, 23.
Pepys, his diary, 443.
Perrin, Amy, 212; leads an insurrec- tion, 233.
Peter, first mention of him as Bishop of Rome, 18.
Peter of Bruys, 54. Petersen, Olaf, and Lawrence, preach the Reformation in Sweden, 176. Petit, J., 505. Petrarch, on the Papacy, 34; his re- lation to the revival of Learning, 67; on the corruption of the Papacy, 388.
Philip, the Fair, his contest with Boni- face VIII., 37; on the usurpations of the clergy, 37; supported by his realm, 38.
Philip, Landgrave of Hesse, tries to
unite the Lutherans and the Swiss, 152; restores the Duke of Würtem- burg, 157; his double marriage, 157, 492; surrenders himself to Charles V., 164; released, 168. Philip II., of Spain, his schemes cause alarm in France (1570), 272; his relations to the League in France, 280; his character, 289; an implaca- ble enemy of religious dissent, 289; his unpopularity in the Netherlands,
290; appoints Margaret of Parma Regent, 291; leaves regiments in the Netherlands, 292; increases the num- ber of bishoprics there, 292; revives the persecuting edicts of Charles V., 294; effect of his persecution in the Netherlands, 297; professes to miti- gate the persecution, 298; his perfidy, 299; sends Alva to the Netherlands 301; condemns all the people of the Netherlands as heretics, 302; will not grant toleration, 305; reply of William of Orange to his charges, 307; his design to dismiss Parma, 310; discomfiture of, 311; carries England into war with France, 330; his death, 330.
"Pierce the Ploughman's Crede," 34. Piers' Ploughman, the vision of, 34. Pisa, the Council of, 43. Piotrkow, Diet of, 186. Pius IV., his character, 411.
Pius V., his character and policy, 411; requests Alva to destroy Geneva, 302.
Pius IX., his Encyclical Letter, 518. Plymouth, settlement at, 439; settled
by Separatists, 440; their agreement with the Massachusetts settlers, 440. Poggio, 222; his character, 390. Poissy, Colloquy of, 265; Beza's ap- pearance at, 265; result of the, 265. Poland, its condition before the Ref- ormation, 184; how Protestantism was introduced into, 184; its pro- gress in, 185; dissension of Protes- tants in, 187.
Pole, Cardinal, how treated by the Catholic Reaction, 406; deprived of his legatine office, 330. Politiques, rise of the Party of, 277. Political Economy, rise of the science of, 540.
Polity, the Lutheran, its main features,
491; the reformed, 495.
Pomponatius, 542.
Popes, origin of their temporal king- dom, 24; their infallibility asserted, 30; their character in the fifteenth century, 45; their relation to the temporal power, 504.
Præmunire, statute of, passed, 40; re- vived by Henry VIII., 320. Pragmatic Sanction, history of the, 48; repeal of the, 49.
Prague, University of, declares for the Utraquists, 179.
Prayer-Book of the Church of Eng- land, framed, 326. Predestination, Calvin's doctrine of, 200; Zwingle's view of, 200; Calvin's view compared with Augustine's, 201; with Luther's, 202; in the Lu- theran theology, 202; views of Angli- can reformers on, 335; they are not rigid in the assertion of, 338; discus- sion of, among the Protestants, 472. Presbyterianism, how far legalized in
England, 438; established in Scot- land, 446; its form in Geneva, 497; in France, 498; in Scotland, 498. Presbyterians, how treated by Charles
II., 442; their jealousy of State control, 499.
Prescott, on William of Orange, 309. Prierias, Sylvester, writes against Luther, 96.
Priesthood, idea of, connected with the ministry, 16.
Professio Fidei (Tridentine), 402. Protest at the Diet of Spires (1529), 117. Protestantism, its positive element, 9; its objective side, 9; its source in the Scriptures, 10; a practical assertion of private judgment, 10; rejects Papal and priestly authority, 13; characterized, 54; spread of (from 1532), 157; from the Peace of Augs- burg (1555), 169; why its progress was checked, 415; less acceptable in Southern Europe, 419; variations of its polity, 487; its spirit in the seven- teenth century, 543; its struggle in the seventeenth century, 421; its in- fluence on liberty, 513; its political effect on Germany, 514; in England, 514; in America, 515; effect of the suppression of it on literature in Spain, 520; in Italy, 522; its relation to the fine arts, 540; spirit of prog- ress in, 551; multiplying of sects under, 548; in Italy: circumstances
favorable and unfavorable to, 385; forced to conceal itself, 391; a thing of degrees, 391; its spread, 392; see "Reformation," under the separate reformers, and under the different countries.
Protestants, origin of the name, 117; do not submit to the action of the Diet of Spires (1529), 118; their number in Spain, 408; their divisions aid the Catholic Reaction, 415; their doc- trine of the Church, 464. Protestant nations compared with Cath- olic, 510.
Provence, the bards of, 33. "Provincial Letters," 452. Provisors, statute of, 40. Prussia, its rise, 456. Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals, character
and effect of the, 24.
Puritans, their origin and tenets, 342; their objections to the vestments, 342; their doctrines as expounded by Cartwright, 345; under James I., 433, 434; ejection of their ministers (1662), 442.
Puritan controversy, the merits of it,
348; Lord Bacon's judgment, 349.
Rabelais, the spirit of his writings, 250. Radbert, 147.
Raleigh, Sir Walter, 435, 533. Ramus, Peter, 499.
Rationalism, German, its two types, 545: in the Deistic form, 546; Pan- theistic, 546.
Ratisbon, Catholic alliance formed at, 115; conference at, 157. Ratramnus, denied transubstantiation, 148.
Ranke, on Tycho Brahe and astrol- ogy, 3; on Leo X., 47; his criticism of Davila, 260; on the conspiracy of Amboise, 261; on the Orleans plot, 263; on the slaughter of St. Bartholomew, 276; on Henry IV. and the Huguenots, 283; on the "Casket Letters" and the murder of Darnley, 377; on Sarpi and Pal- lavicini, 400; on the absence of the
spirit of propagandism among Prot- estants, 416. Reformation, long in preparation, 2; agency of individuals in the, 2; its origin and nature a subject of contro- versy, 2; astrological theory of the, 2; called by Leo X. a quarrel of monks, 3; not merely a continuance of the strife of popes and emperors, 4; not merely a political event, 4; Guizot's view of, 4; an improvement of religion, 5; regarded by some as a step towards Rationalism, 6; a religious event, 8; its fundamental character, 8; a reaction of Christian. ity as Gospel against Christianity as law, 9; tends to intellectual liberty, 10; not an isolated phenomenon, 10; age of the, characterized, 10; two- fold aspect of the, 11; chronological limits of the, 12; Bellarmine, Adrian VI., and Erasmus, on the need of, 13; how it spread from Germany, 170; allies itself with democracy in the towns of the Hansa, 174; fore- runners of the, how classified, 53; causes and omens of the, 54 seq.; vari- ous influences in the preparation of it, 84; could not come from Humanism, 132; its spread in Germany (1524), 115; its influence on science and literature, 519; complaints of Eras- mus, 519; its effect on literature in England, 532; in Germany, 534; its effect on schools in England, 534; in Germany, 534; its benefit to Holland, 535; to Scotland, 535; political consequences of the, 513; its effect on religion, 541; its effect on philosophy, 536.
Reformers, Gallican, held to priestly authority, 59. Reformers, radical, 59. Reforms, efforts to effect, in the fif- teenth century, 42. Regency, German Council of, refuses to crush Lutheranism, 114. Religion, its character in the Middle Ages, 52; how affected by the revival of learning, 68.
Renaissance, the tone of it in France, 250; scepticism of the Italian, 542.
See" Revival of Learning." Republic, the Dutch, rise of, 305; grows strong under Maurice, 310. See "Netherlands," "William of Or- ange, Philip II."
Requesens, his policy, 305; success- ful in the South, 305; his death,
305; revolt of his soldiers, 305. Reservation, the Ecclesiastical, 168; its effect, 169, 416; complaints of its violation, 423.
Restitution, Edict of, 427.
Rome, city of, its preeminence, 18;
sacked by the imperial troops, 117. Rome, Empire of, effect of its fall on the Church, 22.
Rome, See of, grounds of its distinc- tion, 19; foundation of its primacy, in the East, 20; political ground of the primacy of, 18; growth of its power, 20; favored by Roman empe- rors, 21; servile relations of, to Justinian, 21; the bishop of, his primacy, 18; how built up, 18; view of Cyprian, 18. See "Pa- pacy," and under the separate popes.
Restoration, of Charles II., how Romorantin, Edict of, 261.
Reuchlin, his religious character, 74; his contest with the monks, 74; con- demned by the Sorbonne, 244. Revival of Learning, spreads over Europe, 68; its consequences to re- ligion, 68; produces the downfall of Scholasticism, 69; its effect on the study of the Scriptures, 71; its sceptical character in Italy, 72; its character in Germany, 74; in Eng- land, 76.
Roscoe, on the character of Leo X., 47. Rothe, on the organization of the prim- itive Church, 15.
Rouen, captured and sacked by the Catholics, 269.
Roussel, G., takes refuge with Bri- çonnet, 245.
Rudolph II., his fanaticism, 423. Rudolph of Hapsburg, his submission to the Papacy, 29. Ryswick, Peace of, 456.
Revolution, French, gradually pre- Sacraments, Luther's discussion of the,
pared, 1; predicted, 2.
Reynard the Fox, and the brute epic, 33. Reynolds, Dr., at the Hampton Court Conference, 435. Ricci, 550.
Richter, on the origin of the Episco- pate, 15.
Richelieu, motive of his intervention in Germany, 429; gets the control of the war, 431; his internal policy, 448; his foreign policy, 450; his political testament, 449.
Sadolet, Calvin's letter to, 216.
Saint André, one of the Triumvirate, 265.
Sainte Beuve, on infidelity in France
under Louis XIV., 544.
Sarpi, Father Paul, on Leo X., 46. Savoy, Dukes of, Vidames of Geneva, 208.
Savoy Conference, 442. Scandinavian kingdoms, their union, 170; power of the prelates in, 170.
Ridley, on Predestination, 336; his Scepticism, of the Renaissance in Italy, martyrdom, 328.
Ritter J. I., on the decline of the Papacy, 51; on Leo X., 47. Rizzio, murder of, 370. Robertson, J. B., 6.
Robinson, John, his principles, 347, 439. Rochelle, its usefulness to the Hugue- nots, 271. Roky çana, 181.
542; origin of modern, 542; in France, 544; in the reign of Louis XIV.,
Schism, the Great Papal, 42. Scholasticism, its uses, 69; causes of its downfall, 69, 70.
Savonarola, his career, 64; works on, 64. Schleiermacher, character of his influ- ence, 546, 547.
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