Jus Reformandi, granted in the Peace
of Augsburg, 168; how modified in
the treaty of Westphalia, 432.
Justification, departure from the Pau-
line doctrine of, 16; spread in Italy
of the Protestant doctrine of, 392;
Protestant doctrine of, in Spain, 408;
first point of controversy between
Catholics and Protestants, 459; Prot-
estant doctrine of, 461; Roman Cath-
olic doctrine of, 463.

Kampschulte, his Life of Calvin, 192.
Keble, John, his edition of Hooker, 334,
Kempis, Thomas à, his "Imitation of
Christ," 67.

Kepler, his view of Astrology, 3.
Knox, John, returns to Scotland
(1559), 353; his early life, 354; in
the castle of St. Andrews, 354; called
to preach, 354; a captive in France,
354; preaches in North England,
354; declines a bishopric in England,
354; at Frankfort, 354; at Geneva,
355; his book on the "Regimen of
Women," 355; returns to Scotland
(1555), 355; preaches against idola-
try, 355; detested by Elizabeth,
356; his disagreement with the lords,
357; his opposition to the Queen's
mass, 359; his interview with her,
360; his debate with her on the limits
of civil obedience, 361; preaches
against dancing at Holyrood, 363;
another interview with Mary, 363;
further discussion with her, 364;
preaches against her projected mar-
riage, 365; she summons him to her
presence, 366; cited before the privy
council, 366; his description of the
scene, 366; temporary breach with
Murray, 367; his public prayer for
the Queen, 367; no advocate of tol-
eration, 368; his form of worship,
379; his last days, 380.

La Chaise, 454.

Laical spirit, how manifested before

the Reformation, 83.

Lainez, advocates popular sovereignty,

60"

Lambert, his Church constitution for
Hesse, 492; Luther's judgment of
it, 493.

Languages, rise of the national, 33.
Langland, William, his poem, 34.
La Renaudie, 260.

Lasco, John à, his career, and work in
Poland, 187.

Lateran, 5th Council of the, 72.
Latimer, his martyrdom, 328.
Laud, maintains a jure divino Episco-
pacy, 335; his policy, 436; James I.'s
opinion of, 436; his censorship of the
press, 528.

Laurent, his view of the Reformation,
6; on the state of religion in the 16th
century, 8.

Law, International, progress of the
science of. 540.
Lawrence, Archbishop, on the Angli-
can articles, 335.
League, Catholic, in France, organized,
278; it commences war, 278; refuses
to acknowledge Henry IV., 279; war
with Henry IV., 280; its relations to
Spain, 280; Catholic, in Germany,
(1538), 157; Catholic, in Germany,
(1609), 424.

League of Smalcald, formed, 156:
weakened by discord, 158.
Learning, the revival of, begins in
Italy, 67; influence of Dante, Pe
trarch, and Boccaccio on, 67.
Lecky, on religious persecution, 225.
Lefèvre, his writings, 243; his doctrines,

244; flies to Strasburg, 245; on geo-
graphical discoveries and reform, 88.
Legates, sent out by Innocent III., 31.
Legists, their anti-hierarchical spirit,

36; the allies of monarchy, 36.
Leibnitz, his efforts for the reunion of
churches, 484; his correspondence
with Landgrave Ernest, and with
Bossuet, 484; his remedy for divis-
ions, 485; his ecclesiastical position,
486.

Leipsic, Disputation at, 98; its effect
on Luther, 99.
Leo I., his influence on the council of
Chalcedon, 19; founds the Roman

interviews with Cajetan at Augsburg,
96; declines to retract his declara-
tions, 96; appeals to the Pope, better
informed, 96; his doctrine denied in
a bull of Leo X., 97; appeals from the
Pope to a general council, 97; con-
cludes a truce with Miltitz, 97; takes
part in the Leipsic Disputation, 97;
accompanied by Melancthon, 97; his
geniality and humor, 98; his declara-
tions at Leipsic, 99; how influenced by
the disputation, 99; he appeals to the
laity; his address to the nobles, 100;
strikes at the distinction between lay-
man and priest, 100; his treatise on the
Babylonian captivity of the Church,
100; attacks transubstantiation, 100;
his letter to Leo X., 100; his sermon
on the freedom of a Christian man,
101; his mind in a state of transition
in respect to Papal and Church
authority, 101; excommunicated,
101; burns the Bull, 101; political
sympathy with, 102; literary support
of, 102; seconded by Ulrich Von
Hutten, 103: protected by Frederic
the Wise, 106; summoned to the Diet
of Worms, 108; his journey, 108;
appears before the Diet, 109; why he
asked for delay, 110; refuses to re-
cant, 110; decree against him, 111;
motives of it, 111; under the ban of
the Church and the empire, 112; in
the Wartburg, 112; translates the
New Testament, 112; character of
his translation of the Bible, 112;
returns to Wittenberg, 112; quells
the disorders there, 114; his conser-
vatism with regard to rites, 113; his
reply to the warning of the elector,
113; his herculean labors, 114; his
rapid composition, 114; his do-
mestic character, 124; his opposition
to armed resistance, 118; at Co-
burg, 119; his letters from there,
120; encourages Melancthon, 121;
his prayers, 121; on ceremonies, 122;
his marriage, 123; commotion caused
by it, 123; his controversy with Henry
VIII., 124; his vehemence, 124; his

609

letter of apology, to Henry VIII.,
126; his relations to Erasmus, 127;
his opinion of Jerome and Augus-
tine, 128; irritates Erasmus, 129;
controversy with him on the will, 129;
his relations with him afterwards,
130; how far right in his judgments
of Erasmus, 131; easily misrepre-
sented, and why, 132; on the peas-
ants' war, 134; contrasted with Zwin-
gle, 144; a man of the people, 145;
but stands aloof from politics, 145,
preceded Zwingle in breaking with
the Papacy, 146; his doctrine of the
Lord's Supper, 148; his hostility to
the Zwinglian doctrine, 149; grounds
of it, 149; derives arguments from
Occam, 151; at the conference at
Marburg, 152; softened feeling to-
wards the Zwinglians, 153; renews his
attack upon them, 153; waives his op-
position to armed resistance, 156; his
death, 159; his last days, 159; his
conflict with the jurists, 160; his re-
lations to Melancthon, 160; his power
and influence, 163; remarks of Dor-
ner and Döllinger on, 163; his letter
to Polish Lutherans, 186; Calvin
compared with, 204; Calvin's re-
marks on, 214; his opinion of Cal-
vin's letter to Sadolet, 216; on the
sermons of Huss, 62; his hymn on
the martyrs of Brussels, 287; recep-
tion of his writings in England, 317;
his writings circulated in Italy, 390;
in Spain, 407; his commentary on
the Galatians, 461; his catechisms,
491; on the Synod of Homburg,
493; on the nature of laws, 494; on
the observance of Sunday, 483; on
Aristotle, 536; his criticism of the
canon, 545.
Lutheranism, not suited to France, 253.
Lutherans, effect of their hostility to
Calvinism on the, 422.

Macaulay, on Cranmer, 321; on Church
and State, 503; his comparison of
Catholic and Protestant nations, 510.
Macchiavelli, his "Prince," 73.

Mackintosh, on Henry VIII., 324.
Madrid, Peace of (1526), 116.
Magdeburg, resists the Interim and
the Emperor, 165.
Mair, John, 354.

Manicheans, 55; laws against, 223.
Marburg, conference at, 152.

Margaret, Queen of Navarre, her court
visited by Calvin, 196; her mystical
and reformatory tendencies, 245; her
writings, 246; protects the Protes-
tants, 246; Calvin's letter to, 247.
Margaret, of Parma, made Regent in
the Netherlands, 291; her dislike of
Alva, 301.

Margaret, of Savoy, Regent in the
Netherlands, not disposed to persecu-
tion, 288.

Maria Queen of Hungary, Regent in
the Netherlands, 288.

Mark, William de la, heads the sea-
beggars," 304.

Marot, Clement, in Ferrara, 392; his
version of the Psalms, 254; they are
sung by martyrs, 256.

Marsilius of Padua, his "Defensor
Pacis," 41.

Martel, Charles, defeats the Moham-
medans, 22.

Martin V., his conduct after he was
chosen Pope, 43.

Martin, Henri, on Zwingle, 143; on the
slaughter of St. Bartholomew, 276.
Martyr, Peter, called to England, 326;

on predestination, 336; becomes a
Protestant, 394; flies from Italy, 404.
Mary, Queen of England, restores Ca-
tholicism, 327; her marriage with
Philip II., 327; becomes unpopular,
329.

Mary, Regent of Scotland, her course
towards the Protestants, 353; her
death, 356.

Mary de Medici, seeks an alliance with
Spain, 447.

Mary, Queen of Scots, peril to Eng-
land from her pretensions, 352; re-
turns to Scotland, 357; her qual-
ities, 357; her policy respecting
religion, 358; celebrates mass in her

chapel, 358; her relations to Murray,
358; crushes the Earl of Huntley, 358;
debates with Knox on the obligations
of a subject, 361; holds another inter-
view with Knox, 363; sends for him
again, 364; her projected marriage
with a Catholic Prince, 365; it is pub-
licly opposed by Knox, 365; she calls
him to account, 366; cites Knox be-
fore the privy council, 366; her mar-
riage with Darnley, 369; Elizabeth's
displeasure with it, 369; alarm of the
Protestants, 369; they take up arms,
369; she is disgusted with her hus-
band, 370, 372; escapes from Holy-
rood to Dunbar, 371; her attachment
to Bothwell, 372; she visits Darnley,
373; takes him to Kirk-of-field, 374;
her abduction by Bothwell, 374; she
marries him, 375; captured at Car-
berry-Hill, 375; insulted by the peo-
ple, 375; a prisoner in Lochleven,
375; Melville on her attachment to
Bothwell, 376; did she write the
"casket letters?" 376; abdicates
and appoints Murray regent, 378;
escapes from Lochleven, 380; de-
feated at Langside, 381; escapes to
England, 381; the hope of the ene-
mies of Elizabeth, 381; her execu-
tion, 381.

Maryland, religious liberty in, 508.
Massacre of St. Bartholomew, how
planned, 275; number killed in Paris
and elsewhere, 277; joy in Rome and
Madrid, 277; its effect on the Hu-
guenots, 280.
Massachusetts, alleged intolerance in,
440.

Mathesius, on the religious instruction
given to youth before the Reforma-
tion, 88.
Maurice, Prince of Orange, 310; his
quarrel with the Elector John Fred-
eric, 159: his character, 159; his
defection, 159; turns against Charles
V.. and why, 166; chases him out
of Innspruck, 167.
Maurus, Rabanus, denied transubstan-
tiation, 148.

Maximilian I., his message about Lu-

characterized, 83; character of religion
in the, 52.

I., 251.

Catholic League, 424.

Mayenne, Duke of, 280.

Mazarin, his policy, 450.

Meaux, spirit of reform in, 245.

Milman, on the anti-hierarchical spirit
of the early vernacular literature, 34.
Militz, 61.

Miltitz, his negotiation with Luther, 97.

for their assassination, 45.
Melancthon, his character, 97; Reuch-
lin's prophecy respecting, 97; his be-
lief in astrology, 3; on the year of Lu-
ther's birth, 87; his doings at the Diet
of Augsburg (1530), 119; cheered by
Luther, 121; at the conference at
Marburg, 152; changes his opinion
on the Eucharist and Predestina-
tion, 160; his changed relations to
Luther, 160; his funeral address on
Luther, 162; his connection with the
Leipsic Interim, 165; his concessions,
165; offended by a letter of Calvin,
204; Calvin's affection for, 214; op-
poses Calvin's doctrine of Predesti-
nation, 214; on the execution of Ser-
vetus, 232; invited to Paris by Francis
I., 252; his commentary on the Ro-
mans, 461: on the spread of Protes-
tantism in Italy, 394; on the observ-
ance of Sunday, 483.

Melville, Andrew, 380.
Melville, James, his description of
Knox, 380.

Italy, 527; his visit to Galileo, 527;
on the liberty of the press, 528; on
forbidding the mass, 528; on Armin-
ius, 528.

Minorites, principles of the, 41.
Missions, Protestant and Catholic, 550.
Mohammedanism, its progress in Eu-
rope, 22; checked by Charles Martel,
22.

Möhler, on Protestantism and Rational-
ism, 6.

Molanus, his correspondence with Bos-
suet, 484.

Monarchy, its victory over feudalism,
11; the watchword of the opponents
of the Papacy in the 14th century,
40; consolidation of, in Europe in
the 15th century, 44; Dante's treat-
ise on, 40.

Molina, his system, 451.
Monasticism, opposition of Erasmus to,
79; origin of, 79.

Montaigne, his father on the tendency
of the Reformation, 6; his scepticism,
251.

Montmorenci, outstripped by the
Guises, 258; one of the Triumvirate,
264.

Morata, Professor at Ferrara, 393.

"Utopia," 76; the execution of, 325.

Mennonites, their character, 311.

Mersenne, 544.

with Du Perron, 283.

Morone, on the spread of Protestantism

Mühlberg, battle of, 164.

on Richelieu, 450.

Middle Ages, Christianity of the, 8;

Scotland under Mary, 359; incurs
the displeasure of Knox, 367; takes