described by Erasmus, 210; goes to
Briçonnet, 243.

Ferdinand I., becomes King of Hun-
gary, 189; faithful to the Peace of
Augsburg, 422.

Ferdinand II., Emperor, his fanaticism,

424.

Ferrara, Protestantism in, 392.
Feudal system, occasions the conflict of

the Papacy and the Empire, 26.
Ficinus, Marsilius, 542.

Flaminio, 392; his philosophy, 72.
Florence, Protestantism in, 393.

tablishes the College of the Three
languages, 247; opposes the Sorbonne
and Parliament, 247; seeks to con-
ciliate the clergy, 248; imprisons
Beda, 248; approaches nearer to the
Protestants, 249; sanctions the creed
of the Sorbonne, 253; opposes the
union of Catholics and Protestants,
396.

Francis II., his accession, 256; subject
to the Guises, 257; death of, 263.
Franciscans, rise of the order of the,
31; offended by Erasmus, 80.

262.

Fontenay, battle of, 85.

France, the Reformation in, emanated
from Humanism, 242; two parties in
the court, 245; its disciples. protect-
ed by Margaret, Queen of Navarre,
246; doubtful character of its pros-
pects, 248; how regarded by Henry
II., 254; its progress in his reign,
254; monarchy in the 15th century
in, 44; Rome, Renaissance and the
Reformation offered to its choice,
249; it supports Philip the Fair
against Boniface VIII., 38; what it
acquired by the Peace of Westphalia,
433; its literature in the age of Louis
XIV., 525; polity of the Huguenot
churches in, 498; effect of the perse-
cution of the Huguenots on, 454;
effect of religious persecution on,
544.

Francis I., he abandons the Pragmatic
Sanction, 49; his struggle with
Charles V., 49; not chosen emperor,
and why, 106; grounds of his disa-
greement with Charles V., 106; his
strength compared with that of
Charles, 106; captured at Pavia,
116; labors to prevent the union of
Protestants and Catholics in Ger-
many, 158; his vacillation with re-
gard to reform, 251; its consequences,
251; boasts of the religious unity of
France, 252; enraged by the placards,
252; invites Melancthon to Paris,
252; the patron of letters, 243; es-

death, 133.

Franks, alliance of the Papacy with,
22; their protection to Boniface, 23.
Frederic Barbarossa, his submission to
Pope Alexander III., 29.
Frederic II., the Emperor, 387; his re-
lation to Innocent III., 30.
Frederic I., of Denmark, his policy
respecting Protestantism, 173.
Frederic V., Elector Palatine, made
King of Bohemia, 424; robbed of
the electorate, 425.
Frederic, Elector of Saxony, founds
the University of Wittenberg, 75;
the imperial office offered to, 105;
why declined by, 105; regent in
North Germany, 106; disposed to
protect Luther, 106: warns Luther
not to leave the Wartburg, 113.
Friends of God, 66.
Frobenius, 82.
Froude, his estimate of Henry VIII.,
324: on the effect of the Reforma-
tion in Scotland, 535.

Galileo, the persecution of, 523.
Gallicanism, its theory of the Papacy,
42; where it places infallibility, 43;
its type of reform, 58; four proposi-
tions of, 450.

Gardiner, renounces the doctrine of the
king's supremacy, 328.
Geneva, how governed in the Middle

Ages, 207; recognized as a city of
the empire, 208; under the Dukes of
Savoy, 208; freed from Savoy, 208;

divided into two parties, 208; drives
out the bishop and becomes Protes-
tant, 209; its discontent with the
Protestant régime, 210; low state of
morals in, 210; banishes Calvin and
the other preachers, 213; recalls Cal-
vin, 216; system established by Cal-
vin in, 217; its severity, 222; a
religious centre under Calvin, 234;
academy of, 234; delivered from fac-
tion, 235; an asylum for persecuted
Frenchmen, 253; sends books and
colporteurs into France, 253; how
regarded by Huguenot martyrs, 256.
Genin, on Margaret of Navarre, 246.
Gentili, 478.

George, Duke of Saxony, 99.
German nations, their ready reception

of Christianity, 8; the Christianity
which they received, 8.
Germany, Papal agressions upon, in
the 14th century, 39; influence of
Mystics in, in the 14th century, 67;
character of the revival of learning
in, 74; character of its people, 85;
their reception of the Gospel, 85; its
early resistance of the clergy, 85;
its religion described by Tacitus, 85;
Mysticism in, 86; why it gave birth
to the Reformation, 86; its political
condition at the beginning of the
Reformation, 103; the electoral sys-
tem in, 103; power of the Diet,
103; private wars, 103; efforts under
Maximilian to improve the constitu-
tion, 104; their result, 104; ferment
and discord in, 104; Charles V.,
elected emperor of, 105; how re-
garded by Charles V., 107; its com-
plaints against Pope Julius II., 45.
Germany, the Reformation in, Diet of
Spires (1526) refuses to stifle it, 116;
alliance of Catholic princes and bish-
ops at Ratisbon to check it, 115;
sprang from the people, 422.
"German theology," Luther's estimate
of it, 66.

Gerson, 505; his theory of the Episco-
pate, 42.

603

Ghent, pacification of, 306.
Gibbon, on the influence of Erasmus,
128.

Granvelle, Bishop of Arras, his charac-
ter, 291.

Gladstone, on Church and State, 502.
Gomarus, his theology, 473.
Greek Church, more and more distinct
from the Latin, 22.
Gregorovius, on the spirit of national-
ism, 31.

Gregory I., he sends missionaries to
the Anglo-Saxons, 23; on the read-
ing of the Bible by the laity, 531.
Gregory VII., supported by divisions in
Germany, 28.

Gregory IX., Pope, his vindictiveness
towards Frederic II., 27.

Gregory X., Pope, his direction to the
German Electors, 29.

Gregory XVI., Pope, 519.
Grimm, on the religion of the Germans,

85.

Grindal, his opinion on the use of vest-
ments by the clergy, 344.
Grotius, on the Atonement, 474; his

efforts for the reunion of Protestants
and Catholics, 482; on the Deca-
logue, 483; died a Protestant, 484.
Gualter, his friendship with English
divines, 333.

Guicciardini, on Leo X., 46.
Guise, Claude of, 257.
Guise, the family of, their history, 257;
their control over Francis II., 258;
their connection with Diana of Poit-
iers, 258; dissatisfaction of the Bour-
bons and Chatillons with, 258.
Guise, Charles, Cardinal of, 257.
Guise, Duke Francis of, 257; avenges
the Amboise conspiracy, 261; one of
Triumvirate, 264; perpetrates the
massacre of Vassy, 267; received in
Paris with acclaim, 267; assassinated,
269; his assassination condemned by
Calvin, 269.

Guise, Henry of, plots the assassination
of Coligny, 274; organizes the Cath-
olic League, 278.

Guizot, his view of the Reformation,
4; his judgment respecting Calvin
and Servetus, 231.
Gustavus Adolphus, his intervention
in Germany, 428; how regarded by
Brandenburg and Saxony, 429; his
aims, 429; his death at Lutzen, 429;
his relations to Richelieu, 430.

Hadrian IV.,his bull with regard to Ire-
land, 383.

Hallam, on the anti-hierarchical litera-
ture, 33; on Luther's bad Latin, 125;
on Cranmer, 322; on the Hampton
Court Conference, 435.
Hamilton, Patrick, 353.
Hamilton, Sir William, 133.
Hampton Court Conference, 434.

Hare, on the character and position of
Luther, 87.

Hazlitt, on the Elizabethan authors,
533.

Heeren, 515.

Hefele, on the massacre of the Albi-
genses, 56; his criticism of Llorente,
403.

Hegel, on Luther's Bible, 112; on the

German Reformation, 86.
Heilbronn, Treaty of, 430.
Henry, the Deacon, 54.
Henry II., of France, his attitude to-
wards Protestantism, 254; engages
in persecution, 255; his death, 255.
Henry III., of France, his account of
the massacre of St. Bartholomew,
275, 276; his character, 278; makes
peace with the Huguenots and Poli-
tiques, 278; assassinates the Guises,
279; his assassination, 280.
Henry III., of Germany, he intervenes
in the affairs of the Papacy, 251.
Henry IV. of France sallies forth
(Prince of Navarre) with Coligny
from Rochelle, 271; excommunicated
by Sixtus V., 279; his war with the
League, 280; wins the battle of Ivry,
280; his contest with Alexander of
Parma, 280; his abjuration, 281;
effects of it, 282; his administration,
283; his foreign policy, 283; grants

the Edict of Nantes, 283; his acces-
sion a blow to the Catholic reaction,
421; his plans at the time of his
death, 447.

Henry IV., of Germany, weakened by
divisions in Germany, 28; at Ca-
nossa, 28.

Henry VII., of England, 44.
Henry VIII., his controversy with Lu-
ther, 124; tone of his book, 126;
Luther's letter of apology to, 126;
his application for a divorce, 319;
made head of the Church of England,
321; his divorce and marriage with
Anne Boleyn, 320; his divorce de-
creed by Cranmer, 320; publishes
the Bible in English, 323; proclaims
the ten articles, 323; his persecution
of Protestants, 324; executes Anne
Boleyn, 324; his marriage with Anna
of Cleve, 324; his character, 325;
effect of his death on religious par-
ties, 325.

Herbert, Lord, 543.

Herzog, on the Waldenses, 57.
Hesse, plan for the Church constitu-
tion of, 492.

Hierarchy, attacked in the 14th century,
41; its government discarded by the
Reformers, 488.

High commission, court of, 331.
Hildebrand, his reforming plan, 26.
Hincmar, of Rheims, humbled by Nich-
olas I., 25.

History, modern, most prominent events
of, 1.

Holland, benefit of the Reformation to,
535.

Homberg, synod of, 492.
Hoogstraten, his persecution of Reuch-
lin, 74.

Hooper, had resided at Zurich, 342; is

imprisoned, 343; his martyrdom, 328.
Hooker, on the validity of Presbyte-
rian ordination, 334; contrasted with
Whitgift, 339; his treatise, 347; on
Church and State, 348, 500.
Horn, his execution, 303.
Hosack, on Mary, Queen of Scots, 377.
Humanism, in Italy, its lack of heroism,

against, 224; advocated by Calvin,
224; in England under Elizabeth,
312; opposed by William of Orange,
313; exercised in Protestant coun-
tries, 516; incongruous with the ge-
nius of Protestantism, 517; how far
Catholics are responsible for, 518.
Ireland, Protestantism in, 383; Protes-

tant hierarchy established in, 383;
effect of the Catholic reaction on,
384; Lord Bacon's advice respecting,

384.

Irenæus, on the visible church, 17.
Italy, revival of learning in, 67; char-
acter of the revival of learning in,
72; religion in, in the 15th century,
73; tone of ethical feeling in, in the
15th century, 73; influence of its
culture in France, 243; its condition
in the 15th century, 386; effect of
classical studies in, 389; character
of Humanists in, 389; how changed
intellectually after the Reformation,
412; interest in natural science
springs up in, 412; effect of the
Catholic reaction on, 412; Antitrini-
tarians in, 477.

Jansenius, 451.
Jeffries, Judge, 529.

Jerome, of Prague, his execution, 62.
Jesuits, order of, its origin, 398; its
organization, 400; its influence, 400;
its doctrine of regicide, 505; its
educational influence, 413; result of
its efforts against Protestantism,
414; its influence in France, 414;
at Douay, 414; in Sweden, 414; in
Austria, 423; effect of its training
on the intellect, 529; decay of its
zeal, 452; its lax ethical maxims,
452; its strife with the Dominicans,
420; its suppression, 517.
Jesuitism, of Loyola, not that of the
"Provincial Letters," 400.

Jewel, his opinion on the Eucharist,
341.

John, Don, of Austria, his government

in the Netherlands, 306; his death,
306.

John of Damascus, teaches transub-
stantiation, 147.

John, King of England, humbled by
Innocent III., 30.

John of Paris, maintains the rights of
the civil authority, 40.

15.

Jagellon, house of, 189.

James V., of Scotland, Protestant mar-
tyrs in his reign, 353.

James I., of England, his birth, 372;
crowned at Stirling, 378; his reign,
433; his treatment of the Puritans,
434; at the Hampton Court Con-
ference, 434; sends delegates to the
Synod of Dort, 434; his attempt to
impose Episcopacy on the Scottish
Church, 435; his opinion of Laud,
436.

James II., his arbitrary principles,
444; his court of high commission,
444; his declaration for liberty of con-
science, 444; loses his crown, 445.
Jansenism, origin of, 451.

Jansenists, persecution of them, 453;
on the reading of the Bible by the
laity, 531.

peror Louis of Bavaria, 39; charged
with heresy by the Minorites, 41.
John XXIII., attempts to control the
Council of Pisa, 43.

John of Savoy, bishop of Geneva, 208.
John, Elector of Saxony, his noble con-

duct at Augsburg (1530), 120.
John III., king of Sweden, 177.
John Frederic, Elector, captured at
Mühlberg, 164; released, 168.
John of Zápolya, 189.
Johnson, Dr. Samuel, on convocation
in the English Church, 504.
Jonas, Justus, 341.

Jortin, his Life of Erasmus, 77.
Julius II., Pope, his character, 45;
complaints of Germany against, 45;
covert reference to, in the "Collo-
quies" of Erasmus, 80.

Julius III., Pope, favorable to Charles
V., 166.