311; adopt the "Confessio Belgica,"
311; do not favor religious liberty
in the Netherlands, 312; finally
petition for it (1578), 314; their
political difference with the Armin-
ians, 314; provision for them in
the Treaty of Westphalia, 432; see
"Protestants," "Reformation," and
under the different countries.
274; plots his assassination, 274; vis-
its him after he is wounded, 275; her
agency in the massacre of St. Barthol-
omew, 275; her policy after it, 277.
Catharine von Bora, her marriage with
Luther, 123.
Catharists, their principles, 55.
Catholics, evangelical, persecution of
them, 409.
Campeggio, legate of Clement VII., Catholic reaction, its vitality, how
Cappel, war of, 154.
Caracci, school of, 412, 522.
Caraffa, his hostility to doctrinal in-
novations, 396; on the spread of Prot-
estantism in Italy, 394; organizes
the Inquisition in Italy, 403; its
cruelty, 404; his Consilium to Paul
III., 405; his prohibitory Index, 405.
Carlstadt, disputes with Eck at Leip-
sic, 98; his iconoclastic movement
at Wittenberg, 113.
Cambray, Peace of, 118.
Carlyle, on the nations which re
jected the Reformation, 511.
Carnesecchi, Pietro, 393; put to death,
411.
shown, 410; how affected by the de-
feat of the Armada, 421; by the ac-
cession of Henry IV., 421; prostra-
tion of it, 456.
Catholicism, Roman, more cherished in
Southern Europe, 418.
Catholicism, Spanish, its spirit not
suited to France, 250.
Cazalla, Augustine, 408.
Cecil, minister of James I., 435.
Celibacy, its effect on the Papacy, 29.
Cervantes, 520.
Chalcedon, council of, influenced by
Leo I., 19.
Chalmers, on Church and State, 502.
Charles I., his arbitrary principles, 436;
his treatment of Papists, 436.
Carranza, Bartolomé de, persecution of, Charles II., his restoration, 441; his
Cartwright, his principles, 345.
"Casket letters," the question of their
genuineness, 376.
Cassander, 482.
Castellio, his charges against Calvin,
226; banished from Geneva, 226.
Cateau-Cambresis, Peace of, 255.
Catharine, of Aragon, her marriage with
Prince Arthur not consummated, 319.
Catharine de Medici, her childhood,256;
her relations to her husband, 256;
her dependence on Diana of Poitiers,
257; her ambition, 257; balked by
the Guises, 257; acquires power on
the death of Francis II., 263; at the
Conference of Bayonne, 270; aims
to balance the parties against each
other, 270; her motives in making the
treaty of St. Germain, 272; plans a
marriage between Q. Elizabeth and
her son, 273; her jealousy of Coligny,
declaration from Breda, 441; violates
his pledges, 441; his character, 442;
Anglican Reaction under, 442; his al-
liance with Louis XIV., 443.
Charlemagne, crowned at Rome, 23;
Emperor of the West,23; his relations
to the Papacy, 23; effect of the break-
ing up of his Empire on the Papacy,
Charles IV., the Golden Bull of, 103.
Charles V., his struggle with Francis
I., 49; his extensive dominions, 105;
elected Emperor of Germany, 105;
reasons for the choice, 105; alarm oc-
casioned by it in Europe, 105; hostil-
ity of Francis I. to, and its grounds,
105; his character, 107; how he acted
in the affair of the Reformation, 107:
his ruling desire, 107; summons Lu-
ther to the Diet of Worms, 108; his
regret that he did not then destroy
Luther, 111; his agreement with Leo
X., 111; his action with regard to the
assembly at Spires, 116; league
formed against him, 116; chooses to
maintain the old idea of the Empire,
117; makes peace with Clement VII.,
118; disabled from crushing Protes-
tantism for ten years (from 1532), 156;
his expedition to Algiers, 158; his
superficial estimate of Protestantism,
164; establishes the Interim, 164;
opposed by Paul III., 164; leaves
Ferdinand to negotiate with the Prot-
estants, 167; abdicates, 169, 289;
baffled by the moral force of Prot-
estantism, 421; his persecution in the
Netherlands, 287; its effect on the
country, 288; his cloister life, 290;
his bigotry, 290; his death, 410.
Charles IX., becomes king of Sweden,
177.
Charles VIII., of France, his invasion
of Italy, 11.
Charles IX., of France, his accession,
263; his anger at the Huguenot ris-
ing, 270; impressed by Coligny, 274;
visits him after he is wounded, 275;
his death, 277.
Châtelar, 358.
Chaucer, on the mendicant friars, 35.
Chesterfield, Lord, 2.
Christian II., of Denmark, favors Prot-
estantism, 171; retreats, 171; his
cruelty in Sweden, 171; deposed, 171.
Christian III., of Denmark, introduces
Protestantism, 173.
Christian IV., of Denmark, his defeat,
426.
Christianity, spirituality of, 14; its re-
lation to culture, 551.
Church, affected by judaizing ideas,
14; simple organization of the apos-
tolic, 14; it is municipal, 15; its of-
ficers at the outset, 15; rise of the
Episcopate in it, 15; Irenæus and
Tertullian on the visible, 17; influ-
ence of political models on its polity,
17; primacy of the Roman See in
the, 18; effect of the fall of Roman
Empire on the, 22; reaction of the
spiritual element in the, 53.
Church, the polity of, the principles of
the Lutheran Reformers, 488; not
realized by them, 489; Zwingle's view
of, 495; Calvin's view of, 496.
Church of England, under James I.,
433; its new theory of Episcopacy,
433; becomes Arminian, 434; zeal
for it after the restoration, 442;
theories of its relation to the State,
499; the Erastian doctrine, 500;
Hooker's view, 500; Arnold's view,
500; Warburton's view, 501; Cole-
ridge's view, 501; Gladstone's view,
502; Chalmers's view, 502; Mac-
aulay's view, 503.
Church, Roman Catholic, in the Uni-
ted States, 509; how far responsible
for persecution, 518; on the reading
of the Bible in the vernacular, 530.
Church, Scottish Protestant, its wor-
ship and constitution, 379; becomes
fully Presbyterian, 380.
Church and State, view of the Reform-
ers on their connection, 488; view
of Luther and Melancthon, 488; of
Zwingle, 495; of Calvin, 496; their
connection in England, 499; Roman
Catholic theories, 504; Bellarmine's
view, 504; doctrine of the Jesuits,
505; American theory of their rela-
tion, 508.
Civil authority, inquiries into the na-
ture of, 40.
Clarendon, Constitutions of, 39.
Clement VII., his treatment of Henry
VIII.'s petition for a divorce, 319;
cannot induce the Diet of Nurem-
berg (1524) to suppress Lutheran-
ism, 115; a prisoner of Charles V.,
117.
Clementine Homilies, on Peter as
Bishop of Rome, 18.
Clement XI, against the Jansenists,
453.
Cloisters, confiscation of their property
in England, 321.
Coleridge, on the Papacy, 50; on
Church and State, 501;
Colet, 317; his character and services,
Constantine, relation of Church and
State under, and under his succes-
sors, 21; his alleged donation ex-
posed by Valla, 389.
Constitution of Germany, 103; alter-
ations of it, under Maximilian, 104.
Contarini, at Ratisbon, 158.
Convocation, in the English Church,
503.
Coligni, refuses to join in the Am- Constance, Council of, 43; failure of it,
boise conspiracy, 261; presents the
Huguenot petition, 262; takes no
part in the assassination of Guise,
269; disapproves of the Edict of
Amboise, 270; finds safety in Ro-
chelle, 271; resumes hostilities, 271;
at Jarnac and Moncontour, 271; his
character, 259; comes to the court,
273; his lofty qualities, 273; his in-
fluence over Charles IX., 274; pro-
poses war with Spain, 274; plot to
assassinate him, 274; he is wounded,
275; visited by Charles IX. and
Catharine de Medici, 275.
Corderius, he teaches Calvin, 193.
Council, of Pisa, 43; of Constance,
43; of Basel, 43.
Cologne, Elector of, his conversion to Councils, the Reforming, 42.
Protestantism, 424.
Colonna, Sciarra, he assaults Boniface
VIII., 38.
Colonna, Vittoria, 394.
Council of Trent, condemns Protes-
tant doctrine, 401; Paul III., trans-
fers it to Bologna, 401; its benefit to
the Catholic cause, 402.
Company, the Venerable, at Geneva, Covenanters of Scotland, 447.
Compactata, granted to the Utraquists,
Comprehension, opportunities for, lost
by the Church of England, 442,
Compromise, formed by the nobles in
the Netherlands, 297; their design,
297.
Concord, Form of, 481.
Condé, Louis, Prince de, his character,
259; privy to the Amboise conspiracy,
261; under arrest at Orleans, 262;
tried for treason, 263; his lack of wis-
dom, 270; finds safety in Rochelle,
271; falls at Jarnac, 271.
Condé, Henry, Prince de, sallies forth
with Coligni from Rochelle, 271;
excommunicated by Sixtus V., 279.
Conference at Ratisbon, 157.
"Congregatio de propaganda fide,"
550.
Congregationalism, in the French
Cox, Bishop of Ely, in the vestment
controversy, 343; Elizabeth's treat-
ment of, 346.
Cranmer, his advice to Henry VIII.,
on the divorce, 319; decrees the
divorce, 320; protected by Henry
VIII., 324; calls theologians from
the continent, 326; his character,
322; his view of the tenure of
church officers, 332; proposes a Prot-
estant council, 332; Calvin's letter
to, 204; his opinion on the Eucha-
rist, 340; his recantation, 328; his
faults, 328; his death, 328; effect of
it, 329.
Creeds, Erasmus's opinion of, 80.
Crell, 479.
Cromwell, Oliver, England under, 441;
his "Triers," 439.
Cromwell, Thomas, 322; execution of,
324.
Cup, withdrawal of it from the laity,
178; doctrine of Aquinas, 178.
Cyprian, on the primacy of the Roman
See, 18; against persecution, 222.
Consistory, its functions, in Geneva, Cyril, missionary in Bohemia, 178.
218.
Church, 499; in New England, 507.
Conrad of Waldhausen, 61.
Consistories in the Lutheran churches, D'Ailly, his theory of the Episcopate,
D'Albret, Jeanne, Q. of Navarre, her Döllinger, on the influence of Luther,
court at Rochelle, 271.
Damascus, John of, 147.
Dandelot, 259.
Dante, heralds a new era of culture,
67; chastises the Papacy, 34, 35; on
the design of the Roman Empire, 20;
his treatise on monarchy, 40; on the
neglect of the classic authors, 67;
his theology, 388; on the temporal
ambition of the Popes, 387.
Darnley, his marriage with Mary, 369;
his character, 370; disgusts his wife,
370; takes part in the murder of
Rizzio, 371; ill, and visited by Mary,
373;, taken to Kirk-of-field, 374;
murdered, 374.
Dominicans, rise of the order of the,
31; their strife with the Jesuits, 420.
Donatists, laws against the, 222.
Donauwörth, seized by Bavaria, 423.
Dorner, his remark on Luther, 163.
Dort, Synod of, English delegates in
the, 434; its creed, 474.
Douay, Jesuit establishment in, 414.
Drake, Sir Francis, 382.
Dreux, battle of, 269.
Du Perron, 281.
Duprat, Chancellor, 245.
Du Tillet, 211.
Dyer, on Servetus, 229.
D'Aumale, Duc, on the military tal- Eck, at the Leipsic disputation, 98;
ents of Henry IV., 280.
D'Aubigné, Theodore Agrippa, on the
origin of the civil wars in France,
268.
Davila, exaggerates the influence of
political motives on the Huguenot
nobles, 259.
Decretals, Pseudo-Isidorian, 24.
Deism, its rise and spread, 543.
Denmark, reformation in, 171; inter-
vention of, in Germany, 425.
De Tocqueville on the French Revolu-
tion, 1; on the influence of religion
on liberty in America, 516; on the
intellectual effects of scepticism, 541.
Devay, Matthew, the Hungarian refor-
mer, 190.
Des Cartes, relation of his system to
Protestantism, 537; his personal his-
tory, 538; his system favored by the
Jansenists, 539; it is opposed by the
Sorbonne and the Jesuits, 539; his
books placed on the Index, 539.
Diana of Poitiers, mistress of Henry
II., 257.
Dietrich, Veit, on Luther's prayers, 121.
Dilettanteism, its prevalence in Italy, in
the 17th century, 522.
writes against Luther, 96.
Eckart, Master, his Pantheistic ten-
dency, 66.
Edinburgh, treaty of, 356.
Edward III., of England, 40; protects
Wickliffe, 61.
Edward VI., his precocity, 325.
Egmont, his character, 291; his mis-
sion to Spain, 297; his cruelty to the
iconoclasts, 300; his execution, 303.
Eldership, revived by Calvin, 278.
Elizabeth, Queen, welcomed to the
throne, 330; how treated by Paul
IV.,330; her conservatism in religion,
331; her treatment of Roman Cath-
olics, 331; persecution under, 312;
her imperious treatment of her bish-
ops, 346; sends aid to the Scottish
insurgents, 356; her matrimonial
plans for Mary, Queen of Scots,
369; refuses to guarantee the succes-
sion, 369; her professed indignation
at the treatment of Mary, 380; dis-
posed to restore her to her throne,
380; compelled to support Murray
and the lords, 381; Catholic combi-
nation against her, 382.
Emperors, Roman, favor the See of
Rome, 21.
Discipline, "First Book" of, 357; Empire, German, conflict of the Papacy
with the, 26; disadvantages of, in
Discoveries and inventions, age of, 10.
Empire, Roman, supposed to be re-
stored by Charlemagne, 23.
England disposed in the 14th century
to check Papal aggressions, 39; mon-
archy, in the 15th century, in, 44;
revival of learning in, 76; jealousy
of the hierarchy in, 319; two parties
under Henry VIII., in, 321; rebel-
lion in (1536), 323; its desultory con-
flict with Spain, 382; defeats the
Armada, 382; its position under the
Stuarts, 433; subservience to Spain
under James I., 435; its influence
under Cromwell, 441; origin of De-
ism in, 543.
England, the Church of, framing of its
articles and prayer-book, 326; are
its articles Calvinistic, 335; its opin-
ion on the Eucharist, 340; its doctrine
of predestination, 335; makes the
Bible the rule of faith, 462; Calvin's
remarks on, 203; its general charac-
ter, 332; its relation to the Protestant
churches abroad, 332; its friendship
for the Swiss churches, 333.
England, the Reformation in, how in-
troduced, 317; the peculiarity of,
317; less prominence of its leaders,
318; reaction against it at the acces-
sion of Mary, 327.
Enzinas, Jayme, 407.
Episcopacy, little controversy about it
among the first Protestants, 332;
Melancthon's view of, 332; Cranmer's
opinion, 333; Lord Bacon on, 334.
"Episcopal system," in Germany, 494.
Episcopius, 473.
Episcopate, rise of the, 15.
Erasmus, at Oxford, 76; the principal
representative of Humanism, 77;
his popularity and fame, 77; com-
pared with Voltaire, 77; his attain-
ments, 78; compared with Budæus,
78; his patrons and his love of in-
dependence, 78; the foe of supersti-
tion, 79; his experience of monasti-
cism, 79; his warfare with monks, 79;
his "Praise of Folly," and "Collo-
quies," 79; offends the Franciscans,
80; his hatred of Pharisaism, 80;
his opinion of creeds, 80; favors
religious liberty, 81; charged with
heresy, 81; his "Colloquies" con-
demned by the University of Paris,
81; his editions of the Fathers, 81;
his edition of the New Testament
and commentaries, 81; his merits
estimated by Strauss, 82; inference
from the reception of his writings,
82; on Luther's writings in England,
317; applauds the first movement of
Luther, 127; his caution, 127; his
remark to the Elector Frederic, 128;
a typical latitudinarian, 128; pre-
fers Jerome to Augustine, 128; his
love of peace, 128; irritated by the
tone of Luther, 129; his quarrel with
Ulrich von Hutten, 129; writes on
free-will against Luther, 129; prog-
ress of his alienation from Luther
and the Reformation, 130; his
description of Farel, 210; on the
influence of Protestantism on litera-
ture, 519.
Erastianism, 500.
Erastians, in the Westminster Assem-
bly, 438.
Eric XIV., King of Sweden, 177.
Eucharist, controversy on, between
Lutherans and Swiss, 147; history
of the doctrine, 147; Luther's doc-
trine, 148; Zwingle's doctrine, 148;
efforts to heal the difference, 151;
conference at Marburg, 152; mutual
misunderstanding of the parties, 153;
Melancthon abandons the Lutheran
doctrine of the, 161; great contro-
verted topic among the reformers,
339; the different views of, 340;
opinion of the Church of England
on, 340; Cranmer's view of, 340;
Jewel's view of, 341.
Europe, its condition after the reform-
ing councils, 44.
Evelyn, on the court of Charles II., 443.
Fagius, a professor at Cambridge, 326.
Farel, his character, 209; preaches
Protestantism in Geneva, 209; how
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