Du Contrat Social: Ou Principes du Droit Politique

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éditeur non identifié, Feb 20, 2015 - Social Science - 110 pages
Dans Du contrat social, Rousseau établit qu'une organisation sociale « juste » repose sur un pacte garantissant l'égalité et la liberté entre tous les citoyens. Ce pacte est contracté entre tous les participants, c'est-à-dire l'ensemble exhaustif des citoyens. Dans le pacte social, chacun renonce à sa liberté naturelle pour gagner une liberté civile. La souveraineté populaire est le principe fondamental du contrat social. L'indivisibilité de cette souveraineté est un autre principe fondamental, par lequel il faut comprendre que le pouvoir du Souverain ne saurait être divisé (Rousseau emploie ce terme pour désigner le peuple souverain) et il ne peut s'en séparer par intérêt particulier, car l'intérêt particulier est contraire à la recherche de l'intérêt général, seul objectif du contrat social. Ce contrat social, Rousseau le voit comme faisant suite à l'état de nature dans lequel règne le droit du plus fort.

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About the author (2015)

Jean Jacques Rousseau was a Swiss philosopher and political theorist who lived much of his life in France. Many reference books describe him as French, but he generally added "Citizen of Geneva" whenever he signed his name. He presented his theory of education in Emile (1762), a novel, the first book to link the educational process to a scientific understanding of children; Rousseau is thus regarded as the precursor, if not the founder, of child psychology. "The greatest good is not authority, but liberty," he wrote, and in The Social Contract (1762) Rousseau moved from a study of the individual to an analysis of the relationship of the individual to the state: "The art of politics consists of making each citizen extremely dependent upon the polis in order to free him from dependence upon other citizens." This doctrine of sovereignty, the absolute supremacy of the state over its members, has led many to accuse Rousseau of opening the doors to despotism, collectivism, and totalitarianism. Others say that this is the opposite of Rousseau's intent, that the surrender of rights is only apparent, and that in the end individuals retain the rights that they appear to have given up. In effect, these Rousseau supporters say, the social contract is designed to secure or to restore to individuals in the state of civilization the equivalent of the rights they enjoyed in the state of nature. Rousseau was a passionate man who lived in passionate times, and he still stirs passion in those who write about him today. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712 - 1778), est un écrivain, philosophe et musicien genevois francophone. La vie de Jean-Jacques Rousseau est une vie d'indépendance et d'instabilité.

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