and succession, and the relation they hold to each other. Their names in the order of precedence are as follows:

1. Datu Dikaya

2. Datu Důka

3. Datu Umar Maya

4. Sultan Digra Alam

5. Sultan Mohammed Alimu-d-Din

6. Sultan sa-Barahamän

7. Sultan Mohammed Iskandar Manāmir

8. Sultan Iskandar Sul-Karnayn

9. Sultan Idris

10. Sultan Abu Bakar

The diagram shows also the principal relations of Bagumbayan to Bwayan and to Magindanao.

Very little is known about the early history of Kabuntalan. Datu Kali Ibrahim, who is the chief judge of Bagumbayan, told the following story:

Soon after the arrival of Dikaya in Kabuntalan the chief people of the village took their new datu in a boat on a little excursion. When they had gone some distance from the village they engaged in a sham fight and one party attacked the datu. This affair was prearranged and planned to test the courage and power of their datu. They made their attack with krises and bamboo lances. Dikaya was frightened and ran away. The people lost respect for him and expelled him from the village. Some time later he won their friendship by his good behavior and was reinstated as datu of Kabuntalan.

The statement on page 47 that Dikaya was the son of Pulwa was taken from the Bwayan tarsila and is added on account of the relation it bears to the subject. The part of the tarsila of Bwayan which bears on this subject states that Dikaya was the son of Pulwa by a concubine, and that Dikaya begot Duka, who married Rantyan, a Malitigaw lady whose mother was Agub. The children of Duka and Rantyan were Bulus, Manalidtū, Puwi, and Miyandung.

As Pulwa must have lived about the year 1550, and as Digra Alam must have ruled about the year 1770, the statement that Dŭka married Ambun and begot Babak, the mother of Digra Alam, can not be accepted as true. Some links in the list are evidently missing, but the fact is that the right to rule Kabuntalan belonged to the descendants of Duka, and was principally derived from Bwayan.

The first ruler of Kabuntalan addressed as sultan was Digra Alam, the son of Umar Maya and Babak. Diagram No. 5 shows plainly that Digra Alam must have ruled about the same time as Sultan Pakir Mawlāna Kanza of Mindanao, or his brother, Pakāru-d-Din, that is about the year A. D. 1770.

In a treaty between the Spanish Government and the sultan of Kabuntalan in the year 1857 the sultan is addressed as sultan of Tambao. He must be either Sultan Iskandar Sul-Karnayn or Sultan Idris, probably the latter.

About midway between Tambao and Libungan on the left bank of the river is a small monument, possibly a tomb, erected in memory of those

who died during the fight between the Spaniards and Sultan Idris. In 1861 Tambao and Taviran or Tapidan were occupied by the Spaniards. In 1884 Sultan Idris submitted unconditionally to the Spanish authorities and received their protection against Datu Ūtū. Datu Ayūnan of Taviran, Datu Balabadan's brother, aided the Spanish authorities in the war against Datu Utu and was one of the most prominent datus of Talakūku and Magindanao.

MANUSCRIPT No. VIII

THE ANCESTORS OF THE DATUS OF MINDANAO

INTRODUCTION

This manuscript is a copy of the original in the possession of Datu Mastura. It was written by the same original author as Manuscript No. II and belongs to the same class and style of composition. It consists of nineteen paragraphs that give the names of the first rulers or datus of nineteen datuships of Mindanao. A few Malay words are used at the beginning of each paragraph. Each paragraph begins as if it were written as a separate document or statement, distinct from all the rest, and in the same manner as their letters and books generally begin.

The Arabic words surat, riwayat, kissa, hadis, asal, meaning book, narrative, story, discourse, origin, respectively, are all used to signify book or history. The word tsharetra is Malay and means a story. Sarsila or salsila and tarsila mean genealogy or history and are used in the same sense.

Literal translation of Manuscript No. VIII

IN THE NAME OF GOD THE COMPASSIONATE AND MERCIFUL

1. This book tells about the ruler of Bwayan. The first ruler of Bwayan was Pulwa, the first raja Bwayan. He begot Raja Sirungan, the second raja Bwayan. Pulwa married the daughter of Sarip Kabung

suwan.

2. This is a statement about the ruler of the country of Mandanāwi, the Land of Peace. The first datu of Magindanao was Mangalang or Maka-alang, the son of Sarip Kabungsuwan, from Angintābu. Makaalang was the second sarip; Sarip Kabungsuwan was the first.

3. This is the genealogy of the ruler of the country (or town) of Ilanun. The first datu of Malabang was Gantar, the father of Makaapun and Angintābu.

4. This story tells about the ruler of Bakayawan. The first datus of Bakayawan were Mirugung and Dimalawang.

5. This is the history of the ruler of Bayabaw. The first datu of Bayabaw was Kalangit. His son was Pundama, who married Umpas.

The end.

26298-4

6. This is the history of the ruler of Balabagan. The first datu of Balabagan was Dungkulang. His son Rimba was sultan of Balabagan. The end.

7. This is the history of the ruler of Pidätan. The first datu of Pidatan was Dyam, sultan of Pidätan. He begot Punduma. Punduma begot Tawgung.

8. The first datu of Lumbayanági was Sultan Gulambay. He begot Ranu.

9. The first datu of Dupilas was Dindu, who was called Datu sa-Palaw. He begot Dimalawang.

10. The first datu of Sulug was Sarip Payang, who begot Raja Hasan, sultan of Sulug.

11. The first datu of Sangir was Makalindi. Makalindi married Timbang Sarību and begot Manamil, sultan of Sangir.

12. The first datu of Malālis was Ampwan, sultan of Malālis.

13. The first datu of Dulangan was Alip, the son of Abu, sultan of Dulamgan.

14. The first datu of Makadar was Sultan Limba, who also is a son of Abu.

15. The first datu of Didagun was Abad. Abad begot Dumalundung, who was sultan of Didagun.

16. The first datu of Barīra was Dŭmak. Důmak begot Antāgu, who was sultan of Barīra.

17. The first datu of Sikŭn was Amat. Amat begot Salumbay, datu of Islnŭn.

18. The first datu of Kadingīlan was Kapusan, the brother of Salumbay, son of Amat.

19. The first datu of Magulalngun was Balbal, who married Marādi, the daughter of the sultan of Tatarikun, and begot Burwa. Burwa became sultan of Tatarīkŭn.

Here ends the genealogy of all the countries or towns.

THE HISTORY OF MAGINDANAO

Before the first mass was celebrated on the northern shore of Mindanao mosques had been built on the fertile banks of the Pulangi, and before Legaspi landed on Cebu Kabungsuwan had been declared and acknowledged datu of Magindanao.

The Mohammedan conqueror of Mindanao was neither an admiral of a fleet nor a leader of an army of regular troops. He had no nation back of him to reënforce his battalions nor a royal treasury to support his enterprise. His expedition was not prompted by mere chivalry or the gallant adventures of discovery. He was not looking for a new route to rich lands nor searching for spices and gold dust. The emigrant sought a new land to live in, and trusted his fortune and success to the valor of his crew and the influence of his witchcraft.