wards a wanderer, subsisting on such kindness as the poor can bestow on the poorer still. At the restoration, the estates reverted to her eldest son, and she spent the short remnant of her days at Knowsley Park. It is needless to say that the adventures ascribed to her in a popular novel are purely fictitious. Her portrait, by Vandyke, by no means corresponds with the regal description of the novelist. It is the round sonsy visage of a good wife and mother, but neither beautiful nor impressive. She had seven children;-three sons, of whom only one survived her, and four daughters. She died in 1662.

Mr. Bagaley, one of the Earl's gentlemen, who was allowed to attend him to the last, drew up a narrative of his dying hours, the manuscript whereof still remains in the family; but a large portion of it is printed in Collins' Peerage, from whence we have transcribed it :

"Upon Monday, October 13th, 1651, my Lord procured me liberty to wait upon him, having been close prisoner ten days. He told me the night before, Mr. Slater, Colonel Duckenfield's chaplain, had been with him from the governor, to persuade his Lordship that they were confident his life was in no danger; but his Lordship told me he heard him patiently, but did not believe him; for, says he, "I was resolved not to be deceived with the vain hopes of this fading world." After we had walked a quarter of an hour, he discoursed his own commands to me, in order to my journey to the Isle of Man, as to his consent to my Lady, to deliver it on those articles his Lordship had signed: with many affectionate protestations of his honour and respect of my Lady, both for her birth, and goodness as a wife, and much tenderness of his children there.

Then immediately came in one Lieutenant Smith, a rude fellow, and with his hat on; he told my Lord he came from Colonel Duckenfield, the governor, to tell his Lordship he must be ready for his journey to Bolton. My Lord replied, "When would you have me to go?" "Tomorrow, about six in the morning," said Smith. "Well," said my Lord, ❝commend me to the governor, and tell him by that time I will be ready." Then Smith said, "Doth your Lordship know any friend or servant that would do the thing that your Lordship knows of? It would do well if you had a friend." My Lord replied, "What do you mean? Would you have me find one to cut off my head?" Smith said, "Yes, my Lord, if you could have a friend." My Lord said, Nay, Sir, if those men that would have my head will not find one to cut it off, let it stand where it is. I thank God, my life has not been so bad, that I should be instrumental to deprive myself of it, though he has been so merciful to me, as to be well resolved against the worst terrors of death. And for me and my servants, our ways have been to

prosecute a just war by honourable and just means, and not by these ways of blood, which to you is a trade." Then Smith went out, and called me to him, and repeated his discourse and desires to me. I only told him, my Lord had given him an answer. At my coming in again my Lord called for pen and ink, and writ his last letter to my Lady, to my Lady Mary, and his sons, in the Isle of Man. And in the mean time Monsieur Paul Moreau, a servant of my Lord's went and bought all the rings he could get, and lapped them up in several papers, and writ within them, and made me superscribe them to all his children and servants. The rest of the day, being Monday, he spent with my Lord Strange, my Lady Catherine, and my Lady Amelia. At night, about six, I came to him again, when the ladies were to go away; and as we were walking, and my Lord telling me he would receive the sacrament next morning and on Wednesday morning both, in came the aforesaid Smith, and said, "My Lord, the governor desires you will be ready to go in the morning by seven o'clock." My Lord replied, “Lieutenant, pray tell the governor I shall not have occasion to go so early; by nine o'clock will serve my turn, and by that time I will be ready: if he has not earnester occasions, he may take his own time." That night I staid, and at supper my Lord was exceeding chearful and well composed; he drank to Sir Timothy Featherstone (who was a gentleman that suffered at Chester a week after in the same cause) and said, "Sir, be of good comfort, I go willingly before you, and God hath so strengthened me, that you shall hear (by his assistance) that I shall so submit, both as a Christian and a soldier, as to be both a comfort and an example to you." Then he often remembered my Lady Mary, with my Lady his wife, and his sons, and drank to me and all his servants, especially Andrew Broom; and said, he hoped that they that loved him would never forsake his wife and children, and he doubted not but God would be a father to them, and provide for them after his death.

In the morning my Lord delivered to me the letters for the island, and said, "Here, Bagaley, deliver these, with my tender affections, to my dear wife and sweet children, which shall continue, with my prayers for them, to the last minute of my life. I have instructed you as to all things for your journey. But as to that sad part of it (as to them) I can say nothing: silence and your own looks will best tell your message. The great God of heaven direct you, and prosper and comfor them in their great affliction! Then his Lordship took leave of Sir Timothy Featherstone, much in the same words as over night. When he came to the castle gate, Mr. Crossen and three other gentlemen, who were condemned, came out of the dungeon (at my Lord's request to the marshal) and kissed his hand, and wept to take their leave. My

Lord said, "God bless and keep you, I hope my blood will satisfy for all that were with me, and you will in a short time be at liberty; but if the cruelty of these men will not end there, be of good comfort, God will strengthen you to endure to the last, as he has done me: for you shall hear I die like a Christian, a man, and a soldier, and an obedient subject to the most just and virtuous Prince this day living in the world."

After we were out of town, the people weeping, my Lord, with an humble behaviour and noble courage, about half a mile off, took leave of them; then of my lady Catherine and Amelia, upon his knees by the coach side (alighting for that end from his horses) and there prayed for them, and saluted them, and so parted. This was the saddest hour I ever saw, so much tenderness and affection on both sides.

That night, Tuesday the 14th of October, 1651, we came to Leigh; but in the way thither, his Lordship, as we rode along, called me to him, and bid me, when I should come into the Isle of Man, to commend him to the archdeacon there, and tell him he well remembered the several discourses that had passed between them there, concerning death, and the manner of it; that he had often said the thoughts of death could not trouble him in fight, or with a sword in hand, but he feared it would something startle him, tamely to submit to a blow on the scaffold. But," said his Lordship, "tell the archdeacou from me, that I do now find in myself an absolute change as to that opinion; for I bless God for it, who hath put this comfort and courage into my soul, that I can as willingly now lay down my head upon the block, as ever I did upon a pillow."

My Lord supped a competent meal, saying "he would imitate his Saviour: a supper should be his last act in this world ;" and indeed his Saviour's own supper before he came to his cross, which would be tomorrow. At night when he laid him down upon the right side, with his hand under his face, he said, "Methinks I lie like a monument in a church, and to-morrow I shall really be so."

As soon as he rose next morning, he put on a fresh shirt, and then said, "This shall be my winding-sheet, for this was constantly my meditation in this action." "See," said he to Mr. Paul," that it be not taken away from me, for I will be buried in it."

Then he called to my Lord Strange to put on his order, and said, "Charles, once this day I will send it you again by Bagaley, pray return it to my gracious Sovereign, when you shall be so happy as to see him; and say, I sent it in all humility and gratitude, as I received it, spotless, and free from any stain, according to the honourable example of my ancestors."

Then we went to prayer, and my Lord commanded Mr. Greenhaugh to read the Decalogue, and at the end of every commandment made his confession, and then received absolution and the sacrament; after which, and prayers ended, he called for pen and ink, and wrote his last speech, also a note to Sir E. S.

When we were ready to go, he drank a cup of beer to my Lady, and Lady Mary, and Masters, and Mr. Archdeacon, and all his friends in the island, and bid me remember him to them, and tell the Archdeacon he said the old grace he always used, &c. Then he would have walked into the church, and seen Mr. Tildesley's grave, but was not permitted, nor to ride that day upon his own horse; but they put him on a little nag, saying they were fearful the people would rescue his Lordship.

As we were going in the middle way to Bolton, the wind came easterly, which my Lord perceived, and said to me, " Bagaley, there is a great difference between you and me now, for I know where I shall rest this night, in Wigan, with the prayers and tears of that poor people, and every alteration moves you of this world, for you must leave me, to go to my wife and children in the Isle of Man, and are uncertain where you shall be; but do not leave me, if possibly you can, until you see me buried, which shall be as I have told you.”

Some remarkable passages in my Lord's going to the scaffold, and his being upon it, with his last speech and dying words.

Betwixt twelve and one o'clock on Wednesday (October 15th), the Earl of Derby came to Bolton, guarded with two troops of horse and a company of foot; the people weeping and praying all the way he went, even from the castle, his prison, at Chester, to the scaffold at Bolton, where his soul was freed from the prison of his body. His Lordship being to go to a house in Bolton, near the cross, where the scaffold was raised, and passing by, he said, "This must be my cross." And so going into a chamber with some friends and servants, had time courteously allowed him by the Commander-in-Chief till three o'clock that day, the scaffold not being ready, by reason the people in the town refused to strike a nail in it, or to give them any assistance; many of them saying, that since these wars they have had many and great losses, but none like this, it being the greatest that ever befel them, that the Earl of Derby should lose his life there, and in such a manner. His Lordship, as I told you, having till three o'clock allowed him, I spent that time, with those that were with him, in praying with them, and telling them how he had lived, and how he had prepared to die; how he feared it not, and how the Lord had strengthened him and comforted him against the terrors of death; and after such like words, he

desired them to pray with him again; and after that giving some good instructions to his son, the Lord Strange, he desired to be in private, where we left him with his God, where he continued upon his knees a good while in prayer. Then called for us again, telling how willing he was to die and part with this world; and that the fear of death was never any great trouble to him never since his imprisonment, though he had still two or three soldiers with him night and day in the chamber; only the care he had of his wife and children, and the fear what would become of them, was often in his thoughts; but now he was satisfied that God would be a husband and a father to them, into whose hands he committed them; and so taking leave of his son, and blessing him, he called for the officer, and told him he was ready. At his going towards the scaffold, the people prayed and cried, and cried and prayed. His Lordship with a courteous humbleness said, "Good people, I thank you all; I beseech you pray for me to the last. The God of heaven bless you; the Son of God bless you; and God the Holy Ghost fill you with comfort." And so coming near the scaffold, he laid his hand on the ladder, saying, "I am not afraid to go up here, though I am to die there ;" and so he kissed it, and went up, and walking a while upon the scaffold, settled himself at the east end of it, and made his address to the people thus, viz.:

"I come, and am content to die in this town, where I endeavoured to come the last time I was in Lancashire, as to a place where I persuaded myself to be welcome, in regard to the people thereof have reason to be satisfied in my love and affection to them; and that now they understand sufficiently. I am no man of blood, as some have falsely slandered me, especially in the killing of a captain in this town; whose death is declared on oath, so as the time and place now appears under the hand of a Master in Chancery, besides the several attestations of a gentleman of honour in the kingdom, who was in the fight in this town, and of others of good report, both in the town and country; and I am confident there are some in this place who can witness my mercy and care for sparing many mens lives that day.

"As for my crime (as some are pleased to call it) to come into this country with the King, I hope it deserves a better name; for I did it in obedience to his call, whom I hold myself obliged to obey, according to the protestation I took in Parliament in his father's time. I confess I love monarchy, and I love my master Charles, the second of that name, whom I myself proclaimed in this country to be King. The Lord bless him and preserve him: I assure you he is the most goodly, virtuous, valiant, and most discreet King that I know lives this day; and I wish so much happiness to this people after my death, that he may enjoy his