nection with the regicide party, who were indeed now become the de facto government, and as such, perhaps, entitled to obedience, but not to co-operation, from those who condemned the steps whereby they had risen. On the 15th of February, just fifteen days after the King's death, he was nominated one of the new council of state; and though he refused to subscribe the test appointed by the Parliament for approving all that had been respecting the King, and kingly power, he was, on the 31st of March, voted General-in-Chief of all the forces in England and Ireland.

In May he made an excursion into Oxfordshire, where he put down the Levellers, who were growing very troublesome, and was made a Doctor of Laws,-a whimsical custom of the Universities to invest with academical dignities the men of the sword. He continued his tour southward, and inspected various forts, &c. in the Isle of Wight, Southampton, and Portsmouth; and near Guildfold had a rendezvous of the army, whom he exhorted to obedience. He must have had some difficulty in determining whom, under existing circumstances, they ought to obey.

The wildest levellers are not
The most abandoned acknow-

On the 4th of June he and other officers dined with the city of London, who testified their gratitude by a present of a large and weighty bason and ewer of beaten gold. ignorant of the negociable value of rank. ledge the moral influence of character, and the most passionate enthusiasts (if they are not physically mad) think it well to have some common sense in their service; just as the most devoted Bacchanalians insist upon their servant's keeping sober enough to carry them home, and see them to bed. No wonder, then, that the new republic were anxious to keep Lord Fairfax, who was almost the only man who brought title, property, character, and a cool brain into their councils. Perhaps, too, they hoped to make him a set-off against Cromwell. But he was weary, disappointed, no longer young: his wife, who had shared his perils and promoted his efforts while she imagined that he was fighting for the establishment of a Christian church, and an effective Christian discipline, was vexed in spirit to see him led about at pleasure by sectaries, who agreed with her in nothing but a hatred of prelates and surplices. Her pride, if not his own, forbad him to be General of troops whom he could not restrain; and therefore, having found out at last, that he had no power for good, and no inclination to further evil, he resigned his commission in June, 1650, when the Scots declared for King Charles II. The Presbyterians then hoped that the re-establishment of monarchy would bring about the establishment of their church, but Fairfax prudently declined either to oppose or assist the enterprize.

He resigned his office on the 26th of June; the government gave him a pension of £5000 a year, and he retired to his seat at Nun-Appleton, in Yorkshire. From that time, we hear nothing of him, (except that he always prayed for the restoration of the royal family,) till after the death of Cromwell. When Monk appeared in the field to deliver the Parliament, (which then resumed its functions,) from Lambert and his soldiers, Lord Fairfax once more took the field; the Yorkshire gentry gladly obeyed his summons; on the 3rd of December, 1659, he appeared at the head of a body of gentlemen, his friends and neighbours. His name and reputation induced the Irish brigade, of 1000 horse, to join him, which gave Monk a decided advantage. He took possession of York, on the 1st of January, 1660. On the 29th of March, he was elected one of the knights of the shire for the county of York, in the short healing Parliament he gave his glad consent to the restoration of the monarchy, which he had so great a hand in destroying, and was at the head of the committee appointed to wait on the King at the Hague. Charles received him with his accustomed graciousness, and, it is said, that in a private interview, he asked pardon for all past offences. From this time to his death, he lived at his country seat in great privacy, giving himself up to study and devotion, without taking any part whatever in public affairs. The most remarkable action that has been recorded, of his last eleven years, was his presenting to King Charles a copy of verses, of his own composition, to or about the horse on which his Majesty rode to his coronation, which horse was of his own stud, and given by him to the placable monarch, as a peace-offering. We regret that we cannot give the verses intire. Lord Fairfax died on the 12th of November, 1671, in the 60th year of his age, and is buried in the aisle adjoining to the south side of the chancel of Bilburgh church, near York. He left no male issue. He was after his kind, a poet, or at least a versifier of Scripture. In Mr. Thoresby's Museum are his MS. version of the Psalms, Canticles, and other portions of the Bible. He was, upon the whole, a very honest man.

JAMES, EARL OF DERBY.

"SANS CHANGER."

Such is the motto of the noble house of Stanley, and well was it fulfilled in the steadfast loyalty of this brave man, and his heroic spouse. Their story, as far as it has been recorded, is but short, and we shall tell it simply; singling their acts and sufferings from the chaos of contemporary occurrences, and relating them, by themselves, "unmixt with baser matter."

James, seventh Earl of Derby, was the eldest son of William, the sixth Earl,by Elizabeth, daughter of Edward Vere, seventeenth Earl of Oxford, and of Anne, daughter of the "great Lord Burleigh." Neither Collins, nor Lodge, mention the date of his birth, nor the place of his education, but there can be no doubt that he was instructed in all such polite and liberal learning as was supposed, in that age, to become his rank. Hardly a record remains of his youth and early manhood, except that he was one of the many Knights of the Bath appointed at the coronation of Charles First, and that he was summoned to Parliament on the 13th of February, 1628, by the title of Lord Strange. Calling the eldest sons of Peers to the Upper House, during their father's life time, was not unfrequent during the reigns of the first Stuarts. We hear nothing of his travels, though it is not probable that he omitted what was then, as now, esteemed essential to the accomplishing a complete gentleman, espe cially as his wife, to whom he was early united, was a French lady, related to the blood royal of France. This famous woman was Charlotte de la Tremouille, daughter of Claude, Duke of Thouars. She may, however, have come over in the train of the beautiful and unfortunate Henrietta.

Derby was no frequenter of the court. He lived among his tenants, dividing his time between his English estates and his little kingdom of Man, which he was anxious to improve and civilize. But peaceful years and charitable deeds make little shew in the memorial page, and Derby owes his place in history, not to the virtues which sprang out of his own good will and choice, but to those which were elicited from him,

like fire from flints, by the blows of fortune. Scarcely had his father's death put him in possession of his ample domains, when the approach of civil war obliged him to exchange the garb of mourning for a coat of mail, and the kind superintendence of a good landlord over his paternal dependants, for the duties of a military commander.

When King Charles retired to York in the beginning of 1642, Derby was one of the first nobles who joined him. He was almost immediately despatched back into Lancashire to array the military force in that county, of which he was Lord Lieutenant, for the King's service. It was the original intention of Charles to hoist his standard at Warrington; a situation which would have rendered Lord Derby's powers in the highest degree available: but through the weak or selfish suggestions of certain in the council, he was induced to set up the signal of war at Nottingham. This was a great disappointment to Derby, who actually mustered 60,000 men on the three heaths of Preston, Ormskirk, and Bury, and was proceeding to use the same efforts in Cheshire, and North-Wales, where also he was Lord-Lieutenant, when a special letter from his Majesty required his presence at head quarters, with such troops as he could equip directly. The Lancashire men, thinking themselves slighted, or like all irregular forces, intolerant of delay, went sulkily home, or joined the opposite party, to which they were of considerable aid in seizing Manchester. But the Earl, though mortified, was not changed; from his personal friends, and his tenantry, he raised three regiments of foot, and as many troops of horse, which he clothed and armed at his own cost. With these he waited on the King at Shrewsbury. He was straightway ordered back, with orders to attempt to surprize Manchester. He returned, hastened his preparations, fixed the very hour and mode of the assault, when the very night before the enterprize was to have been executed, he received counter-orders to repair to the King immediately. He obeyed, and was rewarded by having his trusty powers taken from him, and placed at the disposal of others, while he was once more remanded into Lancashire to raise fresh men as he could. Treatment like this, and a course of management enough to ruin any cause, would have made many a man retire in disgust, if not actually change. But

Loyalty is still the same

Whether it lose or win the game,

True as the dial to the sun

Although it be not shone upon.

Derby's loyalty was of that exalted, pure, and simple character, which was ready to suffer all things not only for the King, but from the King. Though the royal interest in Lancashire, was sunk very low, he had

influence to raise a force sufficient to storm Lancaster and Preston, in which undertakings he shared and more than shared the utmost personal dangers, and was preparing for an attack on Manchester, when this new levy was called away to the main army; and nothing was left for him to do but to fortify his mansion at Lathom, and hold it out till better times. But before he had put the last hand to his work of restoring his home to the martial condition for which in former centuries all baronial residences were designed, he received intelligence that the King's enemies and his were planning an invasion of his little sovereignty of Man. To save this island which might serve for a retreat should the King come to the worst, he determined to sail thither in person, and to intrust his lady with the completion and command of the half-finished works at Lathom. The place had great capabilities of defence: little was wanting to make it tenable against a considerable force. The Earl placed a few soldiers within the walls, with what arms and ammunition he could collect or spare. And so, leaving perforce his wife and children to the perils of a siege, he hastily departed. He was just arrived in the Isle, when the Countess received certain intimation that she was to be attacked in her own house. No time was lost. The ancient fabric was fortified to the best of known art and present means. The little garrison was strengthened by such recruits from the midling and lower classes of neighbouring people, as gratitude made trustworthy; and these were admitted singly, or in small parties. Beloved as the Countess and her husband were, she had less difficulty in procuring stores and provisions than generally beset the defenders of royalty. Out of the troops left by the Earl, the recruits from the neighbourhood, and the family servants, she formed six divisions, called Regiments, at the head of which she placed so many country gentlemen, and gave the chief command to Captain Farmer, a Scot, and an old Low-country soldier, afterwards slain at Marston-moor. With such secrecy were these arrangements made, that the enemy approached within two miles of Lathom before they were aware that they would be resisted.

On the 28th of February, 1644, Fairfax and his men arrived, and sent a trumpet to desire a conference with the Countess, to which she agreed; and in order to impress the foe with a notion of her power, "she placed her inefficient and unarmed men on the walls and tops of towers, and marshalled all her soldiers in good order, with their respective officers, from the main guard in the first court to the great hall," in which she calmly awaited the visit of the adverse leader. There is no need to say that the meeting was ceremonious, for where no kindness is, there must be ceremony, or there will be no courtesy; and