QUE meaning quand, 29; or où, 30; marks the third
person of the imperative, 31 .
used at the beginning of sentences, 32; between
two verbs, 33; as expletive particle, 34; pre-
ceded by c'est, 35; followed by il y a, 36; followed
by si, 37; used for expressing a wish, 38; or sur-
prise, &c., 39
meaning combien, 40; joined with the substantive
or the adjective, 41; beginning an interrogative
sentence, 42; meaning pourquoi, 43; in the sense
of seulement, 44; preceded by ne, and followed
by faire, 45
without regimen, 3; followed or preceded by a direct
regimen, 4; followed by an indirect regimen, 5; pre-
ceded or followed by an adverbial complement, 6
used as a substantive, 7; preceded by en, 8; en pre-
position, and en pronoun, 9
English present participle, how to translate it, 1, 2
(PAST):
regimen of à, de, après, &c., 1
followed by substantives, 2; près, hors, excepté, &c., 3;
avant, sauf, 4; auprès, au-delà, &c., requiring another
preposition, 5 ..
by 's, 10 ..
by in, 13; by within,
14; by between, 15; by to, 16, 17, 18; by
by, 19, 20, 21; by at, 22
meaning after, 23; on, 24; with, 25, 26; not ex-
pressed, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31; used for between, 32;
worth, and a present participle, 33; for nothing,
34; for wherewith, 34; redundancy, 35
de, of, 38; left out, 39; meaning some, 40; of, from,
41; meaning the cause, 42; used before the name of
the thing made use of, 43; translated by at, 44; by
about, 45; marking time specified, 46; used for à
cause de, 47; before nouns expressing dimensions,
48; after adverbs of quantity, 49; after nouns which
signify plenty, want, and others, 50
rendered by in, 51; means which is, 52; precedes
proper names, 53
de or à between two substantives, 54
à preceding an infinitive which translates an English
present participle, 55
à with the article before a word denoting something
eatable, 56
en translated by in, 57, 58; by to, 59, 60; by in, 61;
by at, 62; by like, 63; by from, 64; by into, 64; the
only preposition which requires the present parti-
ciple, 65
- pour, for, 66; rendered by with reference to, 67; pre-
- celui, celle, &c., applying to things, 1; followed by
qui, &c., 2; ellipsed, 3; referring to a substantive
singular or plural, 4; expressed or understood in com-
parative sentences, 5 ..
celui, &c., expressed or understood, 6
celui-ci, &c., referring to a substantive expressed, 7;
referring to that which will follow, 8; followed by
qui or que, 9; used without qui or que, 10
ce with a substantive which it defines, 11; ce qui, as a
subject or a complement, 12; ce que, 13; common
use of ce, 13; ce put before pouvoir, devoir, 14
ceci, cela, 15; in opposition, 15; compared with ce, 16
c'est and il est, 17; c'est vrai, il est vrai, 18; c'est de or
que de, 19
est-ce ceci and est-ce ci, 20; ce in emphatic sentences,
21; ce between two substantives divided by étre, 22 392
C'EST. Ce indeclinable, 1; use of étre, 2; ce for cela,
3; en between ce and étre, 4; c'est, signifying that
person, 5; disjunctive pronoun after c'est, 6; là
following ce, 7; ce, followed by qui, que, &c., 8
— ce qui, ce que, 9; ce separated from que,
repeated, 11; Gallicisms formed by c'est, 12; verb in
the indicative after c'est, 13; ce with pouvoir and
devoir, 14; c'est requiring an article before the sub-
stantive, 15; use of à after c'est, 16
(INDEFINITE):
on and l'on, 1; refers to a masculine or feminine ad-
jective, singular or plural, 2; followed by a sub-
stantive in the singular or plural, 2; always subject
of a proposition, 3; repeated, 4; referring to nous
and vous, 5
on used for je, tu, il, &c., 6; various ways of translating
it, 7; when changed into l'on, 8; words forming a
hiatus with on, 9; se, used for on, 10
quiconque, of both genders, 11; qui que ce soit,
qui que ce fût, how translated, 12
autrui, 13; relating to son, sa, ses, 14
personne, its meaning, 15; in relation with a pronoun
or an adjective, 16
quelqu'un, taken absolutely, 17; quelques uns, equal
to en, 18; quelqu'un, preceded by ce, cette, 19
chacun, its gender, 20; referring to son, sa, &c., 21;
preceded by a noun in the plural, 22; when the
verb is separated from its complement, 23; chacun
and sa, 24
tout, as adjective, used with ellipsis of the noun to
which it refers, 29; plusieurs, adjective, when used
alone, 30; nul, followed or not by a substantive, 31
aucun used with or without ellipsis, 32; l'un l'autre
in comparisons, 33; l'un l'autre referring to deux,
34; with a noun in the plural, 35; referring to a col-
lective noun,
36; l'autre, les autres, d'autres, in
enumerations, 37
l'un l'autre, used in opposition, 38; used as comple-
ments of verbs and prepositions, 39
how placed after peut-étre, aussi, toujours, encore, &c.,
with monosyllabic verbs, as dors, cours, mens, pends,
sers, romps, &c., 3
exceptions: how to avoid two syllables mute, as laisse-je,
&c., 4.
complements of an infinitive, 5; repetition of, 6
understood, 7; nous, expressed or understood, 8
il, elle, &c., after a present participle, 9
considered wrongly as double subjects transposed, 10;
equivoque to be avoided, 11
· moi, toi, &c., considered as ellipses, 12; reduplication
of pronouns, 13; le, la, les, used elliptically, 14
le, la, les, and le (cela, Latin illud), 15
le instead of a preposition, 16; after a verb, 17
with reference to inanimate objects or beings, 18
lui, elle, eux, elles, instead of soi, 19; soi used in-
stead of lui, 20
moi-même, &c., 21; pronoun used by apposition, 22
used with c'est, 23; se, 24; y, 25; en, 26, 27
chez, 28; y essentially adverb, 29; y meaning à cela,
30; referring to persons, 31; y or lui, elle, &c., 32
en, 33; en, direct or indirect regimen, 34
en compared with de lui, 35; with persons, 36; en
and son, sa, ses, 37
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leur and leurs, 5; mon, ton, &c., with substantive
followed by que, 6
use of the pronoun or the article, 7, 8, 9
à moi, à toi, &c. (belonging to), 10; use of son, sa, &c.,
or en, 11; use of mon, ton, &c., or mien, tien, &c.,
preceded by un, 12; le mien, le tien, compared
with mien, tien, 13
son, sa, ses, correlatives of on, 14.
qui relative or absolute, 1; où, d'où, par où, said of
things, 2; qui que ce soit, &c., 3
— use of qui, 4; qui or lequel, 5; dont and duquel, 6;
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