of the late Governor-General of India. He also does justice to the purity of motive and laudable philanthropy which actuated Burke in this prosecution, and properly rebukes the disreputable attempt of the reverend biographer (Gleig) of Hastings to impute petty malice to a mind too noble to harbour such an unworthy tenant. Of all the flattering portrait-painters of the age, perhaps the most successful in converting deformity into beauty are Mr. Basil Montagu, Sir John Malcolm, and the Rev. Dr. Gleig: see portraits of Bacon, Clive, and Hastings, as sketched by these great masters. We shall now, in justice to the illustrious subject of our notice, and that we may not be suspected of extravagance in the eulogies for which we are personally responsible, quote from the recorded opinion of a number of his contemporaries and successors: "There never was a more beautiful alliance between virtue and talents. All his conceptions were kind, all his sentiments generous.... The sublimest talents, the greatest and rarest virtues that the beneficence of Providence ever concentrated in a single character for the benefit of mankind. But Mr. Burke was too su

perior to the age in which he lived. His prophetic genius only astonished the nation which it ought to have governed."-M. CAZALÉS.

"I do not reckon it amongst the least calamities of the times, certainly not among those that affect me least, that the world has now lost Mr. Burke. Oh! how much may we rue that his counsels were not followed. Oh! how exactly do we see verified all that he has predicted!"-WINDHAM.

"He must again repeat that all he ever knew of men, that all he ever read in books, that all his reasoning faculties informed him of, or his fancy suggested to him, did not impart that exalted knowledge, that superior information, which he had acquired from the lessons of his right honourable friend. To him he owed all his fame, if fame he had any. And if he (Mr. Fox) should now, or at any time, prevail over him in discussion, he could ac knowledge his gratitude for the capability and pride of the conquest in telling him Hoc ipsum quod vincit id est tuum.'”—Mr. Fox's Speech in the House of Commons on the occasion of his rupture

with Mr. Burke.

At the moment of proposing Mr. Burke's interment in Westminster Abbey, he again repeated the same acknowledgments in terms which, in the words of a member in attendance, "drew tears from every one present who had any feelings at all, or could sympathize in the excellence of the great genius before them, or with the still greater excellence of the genius who had departed." "Burke understands every thing but gaming and music. In the House of Commons I sometimes think him only the second man in England; out of it he is always the first."-GERARD HA

MILTON.

"When he has roused us with the thunders of his eloquence, he can at once, Timotheus-like, choose a melancholy theme, and melt us into pity: there is grace in his anger, for he can inveigh without vulgarity; he can modulate the strongest burst of passion, for even in his madness there is music."-CUMBERLAND. "That volume of voice, that superabundant richness and fertility of fancy, that vast grasp and range of mind, which Mr. Burke possessed beyond all created beings."

On one occasion Mr. Shackleton, after listening to some of Burke's conversational eloquence, remarked aside to the orator's son, "He is the greatest man of the age." "He is," replied the son, with filial enthusiasm, "the greatest man of any age!" It is to be here observed that Burke, with that remarkable modesty which so eminently distinguished him, and which prevented his making a collection of his writings, considered his son's talents as far superior to his own. Wilberforce remarked:

"His eloquence had always attracted, his imagination continually charmed, his reasonings often convinced, him. Of his head and his heart, of his abilities and of his humanity, of his rectitude and perseverance, no man could entertain a higher opinion than he did."

"When the public mind was darkened that it could not discern, when in every quarter of the heaven appeared vapour and mist and cloud and exhalation, at this very hour the morning horizon began suddenly to redden: it was the dawn. Then, indeed, 'First in his east the glorious lamp was seen,

Regent of day!'

That luminary was EDMUND BURKE.... I would record in lasting characters, and in our holiest and most honourable temple, the departed Orator of England, the Statesman and the Christian, EDMUND BURKE. Remuneratio ejus Cum Altissimo!"-Pursuits of Literature.

"The name of Burke will be remembered with admiration when those of Pitt and Fox will be comparatively forgotten."-LORD THURLOW.

"Let me speak what my mind prompts of the eloquence of Burke; of Burke, by whose sweetness Athens herself would have been soothed, with whose amplitude and exuberance she would have been enraptured, and on whose lips that prolific mother of genius and science would have adored, confessed, the Goddess of Persuasion.... Who is there among men of eloquence or learning more profoundly versed in every branch of science? Who is there that has cultivated philosophy, the parent of all that is illustrious in literature or exploit, with more felicitous success? .. Who is there that combines the charm of invisible grace and urbanity with such magnificent and boundless expansion?"-DR. PARR. See these opinions and others in Prior's Life of Burke.

In conversation Burke was as unrivalled as in oratory. Johnson was the first man in the literary circles of London when Burke was absent, but he knew himself to be only

Another contemporary remarks:

"The political knowledge of Mr. Burke might be considered almost as an Encyclopædia: every man who approached him received instruction from his stores."

tacle to see one so proud and stubborn, who had for years been accustomed to give forth his dieta with the authority of an oracle, submit to contradiction from a youth of twenty-seven. But though Johnson differed from Burke in politics, he always did him justice. He spoke of him from the first in terms of the highest respect." He remarked to Boswell:

"I do not grudge Burke's being the first man in the House of Commons, for he is the first everywhere.' 'Burke,' be remarked

"Learning waited upon him as a handmaid, presenting to his choice all that antiquity had culled or invented; he often seemed to be oppressed under the load and variety of his intellectual treasures. Every power of oratory was wielded by him in turn; for he could be during the same evening pathetic and humorous, acrimonious and conciliating; now giving a loose to his indignation and severity, and then, almost in the same breath, calling to his assistance ridicule, wit, and mockery."

Another political opponent remarks:

"As an orator, notwithstanding some defects, he stands almost unrivalled. No man was better calculated to arouse the dormant passions, to call forth the glowing affections of the human heart, and to harrow up' the inmost recesses of the soul. Venality and meanness stood appalled in his presence: he who was dead to the feelings of his own conscience was still alive to his animated reproaches; and corruption for a while became alarmed at the terrors of his countenance."

"His learning is so various and extensive that we might praise it for its range and compass, were it not still more praiseworthy for its solidity and depth. His imagination is so lively and so creative, that he may justly be called the child of fancy: and, therefore, his enemies, for even he is not without them, would persuade us that his fancy overbears his judgment. His grand characteristic is genius, and his ruling faculty is judgment.. Whilst he persuades as an orator, he instructs as a philosopher."-REV. THOMAS CAMPBELL, author of the History of Ireland.

"Of his talents and acquirements in general, it is unnecessary to speak. They were long the glory of his country and the admiration of Europe; they might have been (had it consisted with the inscrutable counsels of Divine Providence) the salvation of both. If not the most accomplished orator, yet the most eloquent man of his age, perhaps second to none in any age, he had still more wisdom than eloquence. He diligently collected it from the wise of all ages; but what he had so obtained he enriched from the vast treasury of his own observation."-DR. FRENCH LAURENCE. "I admire his eloquence; I approve his politics; I adore his

talk is perpetual; and he does not talk from any desire of distinc tion, but because his mind is full. . . . He is the only man whose common conversation corresponds with the general fame which he has in the world. Take him up where you please, he is ready to meet you. . . . No man of sense could meet Burke by accident under a gateway, to avoid a shower, without being convinced that he was the first man in England."

"A striking confirmation of this remark occurred some years after, when Mr. Burke was passing through Lichfield, the birthplace of Johnson. Wishing to see the Cathedral, during the change of horses, he stepped into the building, and was met by one of the clergy of the place, who kindly offered to point out the principal objects of curiosity. A conversation ensued, but in a few moments the clergyman's pride of local information was completely subdued by the copious and intricate knowledge displayed by the stranger. Whatever topic the objects before them suggested, whether the theme was architecture or antiquities, some obscure passage in ecclesiastical history, or some question respecting the life of a saint, he touched it as with a sunbeam. His information appeared untversal; his mild, clear intellect, without one particle of ignorance. A few minutes after their separation, the clergyman was met hur rying through the street. I have had,' said he, quite an adventure. I have been conversing for this half hour past with a man of the most extraordinary powers of mind and extent of information which it has ever been my fortune to meet with; and I am now going to the inn to ascertain, if possible, who this stranger is.' Johnson considered that he would have excited as much won der in much lower company. 'If he should go into a stable, and talk a few minutes with the hostlers about horses, they would venerate him as the wisest of human beings. They would say, We have had an extraordinary man bere.'. . . In speaking of Mr. Burke's social hours, the late Mr. Grattan observed to several friends, that he was the greatest man in conversation he had met with. A nobleman who was present (Lord C.) inquired whether he did not think Curran on some occasions greater. No, my Lord,' was the reply; Curran indeed had much wit; but Burke had wit too, and, in addition to wit, boundless stores of wisdom and know. ledge.'"'

When some one eulogized Johnson's powers of conversation, "But," replied Goldsmith, "is he like Burke, who winds into his subject like a serpent?"

It is worth noticing here that Mr. Burke himself considered Mrs. Anne Pitt, sister of the minister at the head of the cabinet, as "the most perfectly eloquent person he ever heard speak. He lamented not having committed to paper one particular conversation in which the richness and variety of her discourse quite astonished him." We hope that our readers will appreciate the gallantry which causes us to introduce this anecdote.

"It would not be difficult to multiply evidences of the vast stores of knowledge which Mr. Burke seems to have always had on hand ready for use at a moment's notice. On one occasion he dined with a party, where he met with an ecclesiastical dignitary who surprised the company by starting 'subjects of conversation so abstruse or unusual, that few of his hearers felt inclined or qualified to accompany him. Mr. Burke said nothing for some time; but when the gentleman committed an error in his detail of some of the operations of Cæsar in Britain, he immediately corrected him: the clergyman bowed without making any reply. He then brought up for discussion the merits of some obscure Latin authors, and was giving a quotation, when Mr. Burke reminded him that he had not rendered properly two or three words of the sentence. Again he introduced to the notice of the company a description of a rare old volume, 'containing some curious geographical details.' Here at least he was safe from the formidable critic! Not at all: Mr. Burke took the subject out of his hands, and commented on it as if it had been an everyday matter.

"At the conclusion of the evening Mr. Richards and the Archdeacon walked home together. Sir,' observed the former, 'I admired your patience when so repeatedly, and I dare say, unneces sarily, interrupted by Mr. Burke; for, from the nature of your studies, you must be a more competent judge of such matters than the bustle of politics can permit him to be.' 'Mr. Burke was nevertheless right, and I was wrong,' replied the Archdeacon: 'nay more; I confess I went previously prepared to speak on these subjects, for knowing that I was to meet him, and hearing that he was acquainted with almost every thing, I had determined to put his knowledge to the test, and for this purpose had spent much of the morning in my study. My memory, however, has been more treacherous than I had imagined.""

If the mere perusal of Burke's speeches affect us so powerfully, what must have been the emotions of his auditory! The Duke de Levis heard one of his philippics against the French Revolution, and he declares that

"This extraordinary man seemed to raise and quell the passions of his auditory with as much ease and as rapidly as a skilful musician passes into the various modulations of his harpsichord. I have witnessed many, too many, political assemblages, and striking scenes, where eloquence performed a noble part, but the whole of them appear insipid when compared with this amazing effort When he painted the cruelties of Debi Sing in his speech on the impeachment of Warren Hastings, the writer of the History of the Trial tells us

"In this part of his speech Mr. Burke's descriptions were more vivid, more harrowing, and more horrific, than human utterance, or either fact or fancy, perhaps ever formed before. The agitation of most people was very apparent: Mrs. Sheridan was so overpow ered that she fainted: several others were as powerfully affected." Mrs. Siddons is said to have been one of the number thus overcome by a mightier eloquence than any known to the stage.

The flinty chancellor," Lord Thurlow, albeit unused to the melting mood, was so visibly affected, that "iron tears down Pluto's cheek" was very near to being something more than a simile of the orator's.

"In his address to the Peers, some days afterwards, he concluded a handsome eulogium on the speech, by observing that their Lordships all knew the effect upon the auditors, many of whom had not to that moment, and perhaps never would, recover from the shock it had occasioned.""

The testimony of the accused party himself is perhaps the strongest ever borne to the powers of any speaker of any country. For half an hour,' said Mr. Hastings, I looked up at the orator in a reverie of wonder; and during that space I actually felt myself the most culpable man on earth;' adding, however, but I recurred to my own bosom, and there found a consciousness that consoled me under all I heard and all I suffered.'"-Prior's Life of Burke.

Was there ever an instance of such exquisite hypocrisy, or of such utter callousness of soul? But we leave this moral phenomena for Dr. Gleig's anatomical powers. It was enough to excite a momentary pang of remorse even in the flinty heart of that man of blood and spoils, to hear himself thus most accurately depicted by the indignant eloquence of the first orator in the world:

"Therefore hath it with all confidence been ordered by the Commons of Great Britain, that I impeach Warren Hastings of high crimes and misdemeanours!

"I impeach him in the name of the Commons House of Parlia ment, whose trust he has betrayed!

"I impeach him in the name of the English nation, whose anelent honour he has sullied!

"I impeach him in the name of the people of India, whose rights he has trodden under foot, and whose country he has turned into a desert! Lastly, in the name of human nature itself, in the name of both sexes, in the name of every age, in the name of every rank, I impeach the common enemy and oppressor of all!"

Well said Mr. Fox,

"If we are no longer in shameful ignorance of India; if India no longer makes us blush in the eyes of Europe; let us know and feel our obligations to him whose admirable resources of opinion and affection-whose untiring toil, sublime genius, and high aspiring honour, raised him up conspicuous among the most beneficent worthies of mankind!"-Speech on the Impeachment of Warren Hastings.

Burke himself calls this great work-the arraignment of Hastings-"that principal act which is to be the glory or the shame of my whole public life."- Works, edit. 1852, ii. 309.

Sheridan's tribute to Burke is worthy of his genius: "A gentleman whose abilities, happily for the glory of the age in which we live, are not intrusted to the perishable eloquence of the day, but will live to be the admiration of that hour when all of us shall be mute, and most of us forgotten."

The distinguished Schlegel is eloquent in his praise: "This man has been to his own country and to all Europe-in a very particular manner to Germany-a new light of political wisdom and moral experience. He corrected his age when it was at the height of its revolutionary frenzy; and without maintaining any system of philosophy, he seems to have seen farther into the true nature of society, and to have more clearly comprehended the effect of religion in connecting individual security with na tional welfare, than any philosopher, or any system of philosophy, of any succeeding age."-Schlegel's Lectures on Literature.

Robert Hall, himself a great master of eloquence, touches a loftier note than is usual even with him, when speaking of Burke:

"Who can withstand the fascination and magic of his eloquence? The excursions of his genius are immense! His imperial fancy has laid all nature under tribute, and has collected riches from every scene of the creation and every walk of art!"

"The immortality of Burke is that which is common to Cicero or to Bacon,-that which can never be interrupted while there exists the beauty of order or the love of virtue, and which can fear no death except what barbarity may impose on the globe.”—GRATTAN.

Mr. Grattan may be charged with extravagance in placing Burke upon a par with Cicero and Bacon, but many capable critics are not satisfied with this rank, and assign him a still higher place. Sir James Mackintosh hardly allows to the great master of ancient eloquence, or to the profound father of modern philosophy, an equality with him who combined the excellencies of both:

"Shakspeare and Burke are, if I may venture on the expression, above talent. Burke was one of the first thinkers, as well as one of the greatest orators, of his time. He is without parallel in any age or country, except perhaps Lord Bacon or Cicero; and his works contain an ampler store of political and MORAL WISDOM THAN CAN BE FOUND IN ANY OTHER WRITER WHATEVER."

The reader must not fail to procure A Memoir of the Political Life of the Right Hon. Edmund Burke, 2 vols. p. Svo, by the Rev. George Croly, LL.D., Rector of St. Stephen's, Wallbrook, London.

"We have quoted enough, and more than enough, to convince the most skeptical of the originality, eloquence, and power of these remarkable volumes. We regard them as a valuable contribution to our national literature, as an effectual antidote to revolutionary principles, and as a masterly analysis of the mind and writings of the greatest philosopher and statesman in our history."-The Britunnia.

Mr. Warren thus warmly commends the political writings of our great author to the reverence of the student

at Law:

"The political writings of the illustrious Edmund Burke need be mentioned, only, to vindicate their claim to the continual pe rusal-the earnest study, of all who are capable of appreciating the display of profound wisdom, set forth in enchanting eloquence, made contributory to the advancement of the permanent and highest interests of mankind, and capable of indefinitely elevating and expanding the feelings and understanding-but vain is the task of attempting to do justice to writings upon which panegyric has long ago exhausted itself. Out of a thousand witnesses, let us select the testimony of one only-one, however, who has a paramount title to the attention and deference of that Bar, of which he was one of the brightest ornaments-Lord Erskine. 'Among the characteristics of Lord Erskine's eloquence,' observes the late accomplished Mr. Henry Roscoe, the perpetual illustrations derived from the writings of Burke, is very remarkable. In every one of the great state trials in which he was concerned, he referred to the works of that extraordinary person, as to a textbook of political wisdom,-expounding, enforcing, and justifying, all the great and noble principles of freedom and justice.' Lord Erskine himself has left on record his impressive testimony to the same effect: When I look into my own mind, and find its best lights and principles fed from that immense magazine of moral and political wisdom, which he has left as an inheritance to mankind for their instruction. I feel myself repelled by an awful and grateful sensibility from petulantly approaching him.'"-Warren's Law Studies, Lon., 1845, 12mo.

The following testimonies are of equal value: "The writings of that eminent man whom posterity will regard as the most eloquent of orators, and the most profound of the philosophic statesmen of modern times."-SIR ROBERT PEEL. "The Speeches he made will be the subject of admiration for all succeeding generations."-LORD JOHN RUSSELL.

"That great master of eloquence, Edmund Burke! . . . in aptitude of comprehension and richness of imagination, superior to every orator, ancient or modern."-T. B. MACAULAY.

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"The variety and extent of his powers in debate were greater than that of any orator in ancient or modern times. No one ever poured forth such a flood of thought-so many original combinations of inventive genius; so much knowledge of man, and the workings of political systems; so many just remarks on the relation of government to the manners, the spirit, and even the judices, of a people; so many wise maxims as to a change in constitution and laws; so many beautiful effusions of lofty and generous sentiment; such exuberant stores of illustration, ornament, and apt allusion: all intermingled with the liveliest sallies of wit, or the boldest flights of a sublime imagination. . . . In the structure of his mind he had a strong resemblance to Bacon, nor was he greatly his inferior in the leading attributes of his intellect. In imagination he went far beyond him. He united more perfectly than any other man the discordant qualities of the philosopher and the poet."-C. A. GOODRICH, D.D., Professor of Rheteric in Yale College.

We add an eloquent exposition of the characteristics of Burke's genius from one of the most celebrated orators of our own day:

of all sciences and all times.

"No one can doubt that enlightened men in all ages will hang over the Works of MR. BURKE. He was a writer of the first class, and excelled in almost every kind of prose composition. The extraordinary depth of his detached views, the penetrating sagacity which he occasionally applies to the affairs of men and their mo tives, and the curious felicity of expression with which he unfolds principles, and traces resemblances and relations, are separately the gift of few, and, in their union, probably without any example. When he is handling any one matter, we perceive that we are conversing with a reasoner and a teacher to whom almost every other branch of knowledge is familiar. His views range over all the cognate subjects; his reasonings are derived from principles applicable to other matters as well as the one in hand; arguments pour in from all sides, as well as those which start up under our feet, the natural growth of the path he is leading us over; while, to throw light round our steps, and either explore its darker places or serve for our recreation, illustrations are fetched from a thousand quarters; and an imagination marvellously quick to descry unthought-of resemblances, pours forth the stores which a lore yet more marvellous has gathered from all ages and nations and arts and tongues. We are, in respect of the argument, reminded of Bacon's multifarious knowledge, and the exuberance of his learned fancy; while the many-lettered diction recalls to mind the first of English poets and his immortal verse, rich with the spoils "All his Works, indeed, even his controversial, are so informed with general reflection, so variegated with speculative discussion, that they wear the air of the Lyceum as well as the Academy. His narrative is excellent; and it is impossible more harmoniously to expose the details of a complicated subject, to give them more animation and interest, if dry in themselves, or to make them bear by the mere power of statement more powerfully upon the argument. In description he can hardly be surpassed, at least for effect; he has all the qualities that conduce to it-ardour of purpose, sometimes rising into violence-vivid, but too luxuriant fancy-bold, frequently extravagant, conception-the faculty of shedding upon mere inanimate scenery the light imparted by moral associations. "He now moves on with the composed air, the even, dignified pace of the historian; and unfolds his facts in a narrative so easy, and yet so correct, that you plainly perceive he wanted only the dismissal of other pursuits to have rivalled Livy or Hume. But soon this advance is interrupted, and he stops to display his powers of description, when the boldness of his design is only matched by the brilliancy of his colouring. He then skirmishes for a space, and puts in motion all the lighter arms of wit; sometimes not unmingled with drollery, sometimes bordering upon farce. His main battery is now opened, and a tempest bursts forth of every weapon of attack-invective, abuse, irony, sarcasm, simile drawn out to allegory, allusion, quotation, fable, parable, anathema. "He was admirable in exposition; in truth, he delighted to give instruction both when speaking and conversing, and in this he was unrivalled. Quis in sententiis argutior? in docendo edisseren doque subtilior Mr. Fox might well avow, without a compliment, that he had learnt more from him than from all other men and authors."-LORD BROUGHAM.

It is truly gratifying to know that there are no incongruous colours in the background to detract from the brilliancy and beauty of the portrait we have thus presented of Edmund Burke: "the King's daughter was all glorious within," and so with the illustrious subject of our theme;we are not called upon to deplore the union of splendid talents and degrading vices, of public philanthropy and private venality: the spotless ermine covers no hidden corruption. Of this we have abundant evidence:

"The unspotted innocence, the firm integrity of Burke," says Dr. Parr, "want no emblazoning, and if he is accustomed to exact

a rigorous account of the moral conduct of others, it is justified in one who shuns not the most inquisitorial scrutiny into his own." The Rev. Mr. Crabbe, whom Burke raised from a position of want and distress to competency and comfort, speaks in glowing terms

"Of his private worth, of his wishes to do good, of his affability and condescension; his readiness to lend assistance where he knew it was wanted; his delight to give praise where he thought it was deserved; his affectionate manners, his amiable disposition, and zeal for their happiness which he manifested in the hours of retirement with the members of his family."

"A much higher feature of his character than wit, was a fervent and unfeigned spirit of piety, cheerful but humble, unallied to any thing like fanaticism, and expressive of a deep dependence on the dispensations of Providence, traces of which are to be found

in the letters of his boyhood. . . . His moral character stood wholly unimpeached by any thing that approached to the name of vice."-PRIOR.

Of the affecting incidents of "the inevitable hour" which comes alike to all, the great and the obscure, the learned and the untaught, the man who feareth God and the man who feareth him not, we have a graphic sketch by the friend of his bosom-Dr. French Laurence. The poet truly tells us,

"The chamber where the good man meets his fate Is privileged beyond the common walks of life." and we are assured upon higher authority, "that it is better to go to the house of mourning than to the house of feasting; for that is the end of all men, and the living will lay it to heart." Let us then in spirit contemplate to our profit the last earthly scene of the philosopher, the patriot, and the Christian:

"His end was suited to the simple greatness of mind which he displayed through life, every way unaffected, without levity, without ostentation, full of natural grace and dignity; he appeared neither to wish nor to dread, but patiently and placidly to await, the hour of his dissolution. He had been listening to some essays of Addison's, in which he ever took delight; he had recommended himself, in many affectionate messages, to the remembrance of those absent friends whom he had never ceased to love; he had conversed some time with his accustomed force of thought and expression on the awful situation of his country, for the welfare of which his heart was interested to the very last beat; he had given with steady composure some private directions, in contemplation of his approaching death; when, as his attendants were conveying him to his bed, he sunk down, and, after a short struggle, passed quietly and without a groan to eternal rest, in that mercy which he had just declared he had long sought with unfeigned humiliation, and to which he looked with a trembling hope!"

In conformity with the directions of his will, he was buried in the church at Beaconsfield, in the same grave with his son and brother.

Viewed in the light of the present age, how great is our admiration of that foresight which foretold, and that wisdom which would have averted, the storms which menaced the peace and well-being of his country! Impartial in his judgment, unswayed by every wind of political doctrine, because based upon the rock of truth, he as zealously denounced that arbitrary power which oppressed the American Colonies, as he rebuked that hurricane of fierce democracy which swept the throne and the altar from France, and involved the Court and the Commonalty in a general ruin. Had his counsel been followed, Warren Hastings would have expiated his crimes on the scaffold, and the world would have lacked a Napoleon to illustrate the depravity of his race. Burke's public labours present a continuous struggle against the stupidity, the obstinacy, and the venality, of the politicians of his day. His life, therefore, cannot be said to have been a happy one, for happiness dwells not amidst ceaseless vexations; and no man lates him to the duty of enlightening the ignorant, reformcan "possess his soul in peace" whose philanthropy stimuing the vicious, and subduing the refractory. He does well; he acts nobly; he fulfils the end of his being; and if he have the spiritual prerequisites, many will be his consolations here, and great shall be his reward hereafter. But let him not expect much either of gratitude or applause in this life: malice will censure, envy defame, rivalry decry, the noblest motives and the wisest acts. Yet posterity will do him justice; and generations yet unborn shall reverence his name, emulate his virtues, and follow in his steps. His "good name shall be an inheritance to his children's children," and the "remembrance of the just shall be blessed!"

Behold an instance of this noble advocacy of right, and its appreciation by an admiring posterity, in the philanthropic labours of Edmund Burke, and the deep reverence with which his character is regarded in the present day!

In the three principal questions which excited his interest, and called forth the most splendid displays of his eloquence-the contest with the American Colonies, the impeachment of Warren Hastings, and the French Revolution-we see displayed a philanthropy the most pure, illustrated by a genius the most resplendent. In each of these cases he was the friend of the oppressed, the rebuker of the insolence of power, the excesses of petty tyranny, or the fierce ragings of a successful and unprincipled democracy. He was ever the bold and uncompromising champion of justice, mercy, and truth. When his own sovereign stretched forth the hand of despotic power to afflict a suffering nation, he forgot that "the king could do no wrong," and pointed his finger to a violated constitution and broken laws! When a remorseless Verres ground to the earth, by his exactions and cruelty, a simple and confiding people whose rights and happiness he should have maintained and cherished, their cries entered into the

heart even of the oppressor's nation, and a greater than Cicero cited the offender to that nation's bar! When the pestilential fever of an insane democracy broke out in France, and threatened to devour the nations, the High Priest of enlightened Liberty "stood between the living and the dead, and the plague was stayed!"

So long as virtue shall be beloved, wisdom revered, or genius admired, so long will the memory of this illustrious exemplar of all be fresh in the world's history; for human nature has too much interest in the preservation of such a character, ever to permit the name of EDMUMD BURKE to perish from the earth.

Burke, James Henry. Days in the East; a Poem, Lon., 1842, 8vo.

"The stanzas of Mr. Burke bespeak at once high feeling, a vigorous, cultivated intelligence, and a delicate poetic taste."-Lon. Morning Herald.

Burke, John, M.D. The Morbus Niger, Lon., 1776,8vo. Burke, John, and Sir Bernard Burke, (formerly John Bernard Burke,) father and son, to

whom we are indebted for a number of valuable works on Heraldry and Genealogy. They have written separately and conjointly. Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire, by John Burke, r. 8vo; 15th ed., 1853; 20th ed., by Sir Bernard Burke, Ulster King-ofArms, 1858.

-Lon. Globe.

"The first authority in all questions affecting the aristocracy." The Extinct, Dormant, and Suspended Peerage, by J. B., 1840, 8vo. Portrait Gallery of the Female Nobility, by J. B., 2 vols. r. 8vo. Knightage of Great Britain, by John Bernard Burke, new ed., 1841, 18mo. Anecdotes of the Aristocracy, by J. B. B., vols. p. 8vo, new ed., 1851. "Mr. Burke has given us the most curious incidents, the most stirring tales, and the most remarkable circumstances connected with the histories, public and private, of our noble houses and aristoeratic families. These stories, with all the reality of established fact, read with as much spirit as the Tales of Boccaccio, and are as full of strange matter for reflection and amazement."-Britannia. Armory of Great Britain and Ireland, by J. & J. B. B., r. 8vo, new ed., 1847.

"The work professes to concentrate in one volume the materials to be found in Guillim, Edmondson, and Nisbett, and to carry down its information to the present year: in that the authors have fully succeeded; but they have done more: in addition to a Dictionary of Heraldry, the work may be designated a Dictionary of Family History; for there is hardly any house of note, whose origin and descent are not deduced, so far at least as to justify the adoption of the ensigns and quarterings which the family bears." -Lon. Naval and Military Gazette.

It contains over 30,000 armorial bearings, and more than the matter of four 4to vols.

Heraldic Illustrations, by J. & J. B. B., 3 vols. r. 8vo, new ed., 1846.

"These are splendid volumes, comprising the armorial bearings of we know not how many ancient families, beautifully emblazoned, and accompanied by brief pedigrees. The work is as curious as it is magnificent."-Lon. Literary Gazette.

Royal Families of Great Britain, by J. & J. B. B., 2 vols. r. 8vo, 1851. Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland, for 1853, containing particulars of upwards of 100,000 individuals, by J. & J. B. B., 3 vols. r. 8vo; new ed., by Sir B. B., Pts. 1-3, 1855-57. Sir Bernard Burke has also pub. Anecdotes of the Aristocracy, 1849-50, 4 vols. p. 8vo; 3d ed., 1855, 3 vols. p. 8vo; Visitation of the Seats and Arms of Noblemen, 1852-55, 2 vols. r. 8vo; Family Romance, 2d ed., 1854, 2 vols. p. 8vo; Royal Descents and Pedigrees of Founders' Kin, Pt. 1, 1855, r. 8vo; and

other works.

Burke, John French.

The Dispensing Chemist and Medical Pupil's Assistant, 18mo. Farming for Ladies. The Muck Manual. Treatise on British Husbandry, 2 vols. 8vo; with a Copious Supplement by Mr. Cuthbert W. JohnThe Supplement is pub. separately, under the title of Modern Agricultural Improvements, 8vo.

son.

Burke, Richard. Charge to Grand Jury, 1798. Burke, Thos. A., b. 1828, in Georgia. Polly Pea blossom's Wedding, 12mo, Phila. Political Fortune Teller, N. Y. &c.

Burke, Thomas T. Temora; being specimens of an intended versification of the Poems of Ossian, 1818. Burke, W. The Armed Briton; a Play, 1806, 8vo. Burke, William. Campaign of 1805 in Germany, Italy, &c., 1806, 8vo. South American Independence, 1807, 8vo. Emancipation of Spanish America, 1807, 8vo. Burke, William. A Greek and English Derivative Dictionary, Lon., 1806, 12mo.

Burke, William, M.D. Remarks on the Mineral Springs of Virginia; 2d ed., Richmond, 1853, 12mo. Burke, Wm., Surgeon. Popular Compend. of Anat., Lon., 1804, 12mo. Intended to display the wisdom of the Deity as evinced in the construction of the human body. temp. Charles I. Cola's Fury, or Lerinda's Misery; a TraBurkhead, Henry, a merchant of Bristol, England, gedy, Kilken., 1646, 4to. The subject is the Irish re

bellion of October, 1641.

"In it he has characterized all the principal persons concerned in the affairs of that time, under feigned names."-Biog. Dramat. Lerinda is an anagram from Ireland.

Burkitt, William, 1650-1703, a native of Hitcham, Northamptonshire; admitted of Pembroke College, Cambridge, at 14; Vicar of Dedham, Essex, 1692. Expository Notes, with Practical Observations, on the New Testament, 1739, fol.; several editions; new edit., Lon., 1833, 2 vols. modernized and improved," Lon., 1806, 2 vols. 4to. An Svo. An abridgt. by Rev. Dr. Glasse, "the language abridgt. for the use of the poor, r. 8vo.

"He has many schemes of old sermons; his sentiments vary in different parts of his work, as the authors from whence he took his materials were orthodox, or not."-DR. DODDRIDGE. "Both pious and practical, but not distinguished either by depth of learning or judgment.”—DR. ADAM CLARKE,

"This deservedly popular work does not profess to discuss critical questions, but is very useful for the inferences it deduces from

the sacred text."-T. H. HORNE.

"Many good suggestions on texts, generally evangelical and very useful."-BICKERSTETH.

"This is not a critical or in any respect a profound work."-ORME. Burkitt also wrote a Sermon, Discourse, &c., 1680-1705. Burlace, Edmund. See BORLACE.

Burleigh, J. B., for many years a teacher in Baltimore. The American Manual, Phila., 1848, 12mo; several edits. The Legislative Guide, 8vo. The Thinker. Other school-books.

Burleigh, Lord. See CECIL.

Burleigh, Richard. Assize Sermon, 1777, 4to. Burleigh, William H., b. 1812, a native of Woodstock, Conn., is a descendant on the mother's side of Gov. Bradford, and a grandson of a soldier of the American Rev. War. He has edited several journals, and written some Life," and "June," are among the best effusions of the exquisite poetry. "She hath gone in the Spring Time of American Muse. For many years he contributed to the N. Yorker. In 1840 a volume of his poems was pub. in Phila.

Burles, William. English Grammar, Lon.,1652,12mo. the leader of the Nominalists, and principal opponent of Burley, or Burleigh, Walter, b. at Oxford, 1275, the Scotists, bore the titles of Doctor Planus and Perspicuus. He wrote some commentaries upon Aristotle, Philosophorum Poetarumque Veterum, &c., circa ann. 1476, fol.; Venet., 1482, fol. Liber de Vitâ ac Moribus 1470, 4to; an extremely scarce edition. For particulars of the editions of his writings, see Watt's Bibl. Brit., and Brunet's Manuel du Libraire et de l'Amateur des Livres.

all those who haue a longing desire for their saluation, Burlz, Thomas. A Comfortable Treatise, sent to and yet knowe not how to attain thereto by reason of the mischievous subtilitie of Sathan the arch enemy of mankinde, Lon., 8vo, sine anno.

mole and William Lilly, Lon., 1717, 74, 8vo. Burman, Charles. Autobiographies of Elias Ash

Burn, John. English Grammar, Glasg., 1766, 12mo. Burn, John, son of Richard Burn, (vide post.) A New Law Dictionary, by Richard Burn, LL.D., continued to the present time, Lon., 1792, 2 vols. 8vo. The Justice of the Peace and Parish Officer, by R. B., 18th edit., 17971800, 4 vols. 8vo. Appendix to 17th edit., 1795, 8vo. Burn, John Ilderton. Treatises on Insurances, 1801, 12mo. Stock Jobbing, &c., 1803,'04, '05, 8vo. Burn, John Southerden. Livres des Anglois à Genève, Lon., 1831, 8vo. History of the Fleet Marriages; 2d edit., Lon., 1834, 8vo.

Burn, Richard, LL.D., 1720-1785, Chancellor of the Diocese of Carlisle, a native of Winton, Westmoreland, educated at Queen's College, Oxford, was rector of Orton for 49 years. Justice of the Peace and Parish Officer, Lon., 1755, 2 vols. 8vo.

The 29th edit., by M. B. Bere and T. Chitty, was pub. Lon., 1845, 6 vols. 8vo; Supplet. to 1852, by E. Wise, 1852, 8vo. Ecclesiastical Law, Lon., 1760, 2 vols. 4to; 9th edit., enlarged by R. Phillimore, Lon., 1842, 4 vol. 8vo. "Blackstone in his Commentaries mentions it as one of the very few publications on the subject of Ecclesiastical Law on which the reader can rely with certainty."

New Militia Law, 1762, 12mo. History of Poor Laws, "One of the best publications that has appeared on the poor

with Observations, 1764, 8vo.

laws."-J. R. MCCULLOCH.

History and Antiquities of Westmoreland and Cumberland, in conjunction with Joseph Nicolson, Lon., 1771-77, 2 vol. 4to. Discourses, selected and original, 1774, 4 vol.8vo. "A book to which young divines may, with great advantage, apply for models of a strong, manly, dignified pulpit eloquence." -Blackstone's Commentaries.

9th edit., 1783, 4 vols. 8vo. New Law Dictionary. See BURN, JOHN.

Burn, sometimes Burne, q. v.

Burnaby, Andrew, D.D., 1732-1812, a native of Ashfordy, Leicestershire, was educated at Westminster School, and Queen's College, Cambridge; B. A., 1754; M. A., 1757; Vicar of Greenwich, 1769; Archdeacon of Leicester, 1786. Travels through the Middle Settlements of N. America, 1759, '60, Lon., 1775, 4to. Sermons and Charges; various dates, repub. in 1 vol. 8vo, 1805. "Highly praised and valued both for matter and manner." A Journal of a Tour to Corsica in 1766, &c., 1804. Burnaby, E. A. The Question, Has the House of Commons a right of Committal to Prison or not? Considered, 1810, 8vo.

Burnap, George W., D.D., b. 1802, Merrimack, N.H.; grad. Harvard Coll., 1824; in 1827, succeeded Dr. Sparks in the First Unitarian Church, Baltimore. 1. Lectures on the Doctrines of Controversy between Unitarians and other Denominations of Christians, 1835. 2. On the Sphere and Duties of Women, Balt., 1849, 12mo. 3. Lectures to Young Men on the Cultivation of the Mind, the Formation of Character, and the Conduct of Life, Balt., 12mo, and Lon., r. 8vo.

"We do not know of any work on the same subject of equal excellence."-Lon. Apprentice.

4. Expository Lectures on the Principal Texts of the Bible which relate to the Doctrine of the Trinity, 1845. 5. Popular Objections to Unitarian Christianity Considered and Answered, 1848. 6. On the Rectitude of Human Nature, 1850. 7. Christianity: its Essence and Evidence, 1855. Other works.

Burnap, Jacob, 1748-1821, father of the preceding, first minister of Merrimack, N.H., was a native of Reading, Mass. He pub. an Oration on Independence, 1808, and separate serms., 1799, 1801, '06, '08, '09, '11, '15, '18, '19, '20. Burnby, John. Poor Rates, 1780, 8vo. Canterbury Cathedral, &c., 1784, 8vo. Freedom of Election, 1785, 8vo. Burne, James. The Man of Nature, 1773, 2 vols. 12mo. Burne, Nicholas. The Disputation concerning the Controversit Headdis of Religion, &c., Paris, 1581, 8vo. This is an account of the disputation between Burne, formerly aCalvinist, and some ministers of the Kirk of Scotland. Burnel,Henry. Landgartha; a Tragi-Comedy, Dubl., 1641, 4to.

Burnes, Sir Alexander, Lt. Col., 1805-1841, an eminent military officer and Oriental scholar, a native of Montrose, made many important investigations relative to the geography of the Indus, &c. Journey to and Residence in Cabool, Lon., 8vo. Travels in Bokhara, 183133, 3 vols. 12mo and 8vo. It is said that between 800 and 900 copies of this gentleman's work sold in a single

Burnes, James. History of the Knights Templars, Edin., 4to. Visit to the Court of Sinde, and History of Cutch, Lon., 12mo.

Burnet. A Vindication of Woodward's State of Physic, Lon., 1719, 8vo.

Burnet. Sermon on Matt. xii. 32.

Burnet, Alexander, 1614-1684, a native of Peebles; Bishop of Aberdeen, 1663; Archbishop of Glasgow, 1664. The Blessedness of the Dead that die in the Lord; being a Funeral Sermon on the death of the Marquis of Montrose, from Rev. xiv. 13, Glasg., 1673, 4to.

Burnet, Elizabeth, 1661-1709, third wife of Bishop Burnet, was a daughter of Sir Richard Blake, Knt. At 18 she married Robert Berkeley, Esq., who died in 1693. In 1700 she was united to Bishop Burnet, who had lost his second wife two years previously. A Method for Devotion, or Rules for Holy and Devout Living; 2d edit., Lon., 1709, 8vo; 3d edit., 1715, 8vo. See Lowndes's Bibl. Man. Burnet, Gilbert, 1643-1715, a native of Edinburgh, was sent at the age of ten to the University of Aberdeen, where he took the degree of M.A. before he was 14. At 18 he was received as a probationer, and in 1665 was orthe living of Saltoun. Two years previously he had visited dained priest in the Episcopal Church, and presented to Holland, and applied himself to the study of Hebrew under a learned Jew. In 1669 he became Professor of Divinity in the University of Glasgow; Chaplain to the King, preacher at the Rolls, and lecturer of St. Clement's, London, 1674, '05. In 1683 he attended Lord Russell to the scaffold, and being suspected of disaffection, thought it prudent to retire to Paris. It is to be recorded to his honour, that although offered the Bishopric of Chichester, by Charles II., if he would embrace his cause, he refused the overture, and wrote him a faithful letter, exhorting him to reform his licentious life and impolitic measures.

"I told the king, I hoped the reflection on what had befallen his father on the 30th of January, might move him to consider these things more carefully."

He returned to England in 1685, but again fled to Paris on the accession of James II. in the same year. He travelled for some time on the Continent, after which, at the invitation of the Prince and Princess of Orange-daughter and son-in-law to James II.-he took up his residence at the Hague, and bore so prominent a share in the political counsels of the court, that James II.

"Ordered a prosecution of High Treason to be commenced against him, and demanded his person from the States-general, but without effect, as he had previously acquired the rights of with a Dutch lady of large fortune named Scott."

naturalization, by forming a union-his first wife being dead

The influence of Burnet in bringing about the Revolution of 1688, and the accession of William and Mary, was perhaps greater than that of any other person. He accompanied William to England as his chaplain, and took an active part in the settlement of the new government. In 1689 the king offered him the Bishopric of Salisbury, but with his usual disinterestedness he begged him to confer it on his old friend Dr. Lloyd. His majesty replied, "I have another person in view," and next day nominated Burnet to the see, to which was added subsequently the Chancellorship of the Order of the Garter. The new bishop now zealously occupied himself with his literary and official duties, leading a most industrious and useful life until the year 1715, when he was attacked with a pleuritic fever, which proved fatal on the 17th of March. The bishop was a very voluminous writer: see list in Watt's Bib. Brit., and Lowndes's Bibl. Manual. We notice a few of his principal works: Memoirs of the Dukes of Hamilton, Lon., 1677, fol.; last edit., Oxf., 1852, 8vo. History of the Reformation of the Church of England, vol. i. 1679, fol. This publication was rewarded with an honour never conferred before or since upon an author. He received the thanks of Parliament, with a request that he would continue his researches, and complete the work he had so well commenced. The historian acquiesced: in 1681 he pub. vol. ii., and in 1715 vol. iii., with supplement.

"His History of the Reformation had been received with loud applause by all parties, and had been felt by the Roman Catholics as a severe blow. The greatest Doctor that the Church of Rome has produced since the schism of the 16th century, Bossuet, Bishop of Meaux, was engaged in framing an elaborate reply.”—T. B. MACAULAY: Hist. of England.

"In Bishop Burnet's History of the Church of England, you will have a full view of the steps which our church took when she reformed herself from the errors of Popery."-DR. WOTTON. "Burnet, in his immortal History of the Reformation, has fixed the Protestant religion in this country as long as any religion re